Open Source Development Trends - Erasmus Hogeschool 2014

by Thijs Feryn

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Open source development trends By Thijs Feryn

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Hi, I’m Thijs

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I’m @ThijsFeryn on Twitter

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I’m an at Evangelist

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I’m a at board member

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Modern web developer

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Modern web developer Code Infrastructure Agile processes Quality assurance Frontend vs backend Project management Build & release cycles Performance & scalability Security Flexibility

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Internet

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Military

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Scientific

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Public (hobbyism)

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Corporate

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E-commerce & web applications

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Web 2.0

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Software As A Service

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Social media

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Mobile

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Big data

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Evolution of programming languages

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EvoluDon of programming languages ✓C ✓C++ ✓C# ✓Objective C ✓Perl ✓VB(A) ✓Java ✓Javascript ✓PHP ✓Ruby ✓Python ✓Node.js

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Traditional language are still there

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Interpreted languages are accepted & respected

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PHP, Perl, Javascript, Ruby, Python, Bash

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Mix & match

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Proprietary vs open source

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Security through obscurity

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The big boys

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Liability

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Linux is a cancer Steve Ballmer, CEO of Microsoft, June 2001

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Microsoft has changed as a company and is becoming more open in the way that we work with and collaborate with others in the industry, in how we listen to customers, and in our approach to the cloud. We contribute to and partner with open source communities and promote interoperability to make it easier and less costly for customers to develop and manage mixed IT environments. We actively participate in the standards setting process and support established and emerging standards in our products. In the cloud, we support key standards that provide the building blocks for open, interoperable cloud services, and we support developer choice of programming languages. We support data portability and believe customers own and control their data, no matter where it resides.

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Passion

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Business model

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Frontend vs backend

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Design patterns

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Decorator

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interface ServiceClient { function getData(); } ! class MyWebServiceClient implements ServiceClient { private $data; function MyWebServiceClient() { $client = new SoapClient("some.wsdl"); $this->data = $client->getDataFunction(); } function getData() { return $this->data; } }

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$client = new MyWebServiceClient(); // Later in your code, and possibly in multiple places print $client->getData();

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abstract class ServiceClientDecorator implements ServiceClient { protected $serviceClient; public function __construct(ServiceClient $serviceClient) { $this->serviceClient = $serviceClient; } } ! class HtmlEntitiesDecorator extends ServiceClientDecorator { public function getData() { return htmlentities($this->serviceClient->getData()); } } ! class ParagraphDecorator extends ServiceClientDecorator { public function getData() { return '

'.$this->serviceClient->getData().'

'; } }

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$client = new MyWebServiceClient(); // Add our decorators $client = new HtmlEntititesDecorator($client); $client = new ParagraphDecorator($client); ! // Later in your code, and possibly in multiple places print $client->getData();

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Factory

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class DatabaseFactory { // The factory function takes as an argument the // name of the class to produce public static function getInstance($driver) { // Attempt to include the the file containing the class // (not necessary if you use a custom autoloader) if(include_once(dirname(__FILE__).'/drivers/database_'. $driver.'.php')) { // Build the name of the class, instantiate, and return $driver_class = 'Database_'.$driver; return new $driver_class; } else { throw new Exception('Database driver not found'); } } } ! // To use, call the factory's static method: $db = DatabaseFactory::getInstance('MySQL');

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Singleton

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class Database { // A static property to hold the single instance of the class private static $instance; ! // The constructor is private so that outside code cannot instantiate private function __construct() { } ! // All code that needs to get and instance of the class should call // this function like so: $db = Database::getInstance(); public function getInstance() { // If there is no instance, create one if (!isset(self::$instance)) { $c = __CLASS__; self::$instance = new $c; } return self::$instance; } // Block the clone method private function __clone() {} } ! // To use, call the static method to get the only instance $db = Database::getInstance();

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Dependency injection

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class Book ! {! ! public function __construct() ! {! ! ! $registry = RegistrySingleton::getInstance();! ! ! $this->_database = $registry->database;! ! ! // or! ! ! global $databaseConnection;! ! ! $this->_database = $database;! ! }! }! ! $book = new Book();

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class Book ! { ! ! private $_databaseConnection;! ! public function __construct() { }! ! public function setDatabaseConnection($databaseConnection) {! ! ! $this->_databaseConnection = $databaseConnection;! ! }! ! }! ! $book = new Book();! $book->setDatabase($databaseConnection);

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Javascript is back

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✓Jquery ✓Angular.js ✓Backbone.js ✓D3.js ✓Node.js & NPM ✓Reveal.js ✓Yo ✓Grunt ✓Bower ✓Yeoman ✓Phantom.js

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✓Canvas drawing ✓Movie support ✓Offline data ✓Document editing ✓Drag & drop ✓Geolocation ✓File manipulation ✓New intuitive tags & elements

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Request & reponse

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Methods & status codes

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Headers & body

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GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: www.erasmushogeschool.be User-‐Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.9; rv:27.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/27.0 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/ xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 Accept-‐Language: en,nl;q=0.7,fr-‐be;q=0.3 Accept-‐Encoding: gzip, deflate Cookie: SESScb94af3218bddf8a6a8a156d8d1cb02a=64a18f65470ea229 b5ad23a83566ab45; has_js=1; __utma=26413801.1654633732.1395239322.1395239322.1395 239322.1; __utmb=26413801.1.10.1395239322; __utmc=26413801; __utmz=26413801.1395239322.1.1.utmcsr=(direct)| utmccn=(direct)|utmcmd=(none) Connection: keep-‐alive Cache-‐Control: max-‐age=0 !

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HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 14:28:31 GMT Server: Apache/2.2.16 (Debian) PHP/5.3.3-‐7+squeeze15 with Suhosin-‐Patch X-‐Powered-‐By: PHP/5.3.3-‐7+squeeze15 Last-‐Modified: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 11:00:54 GMT Etag: "9eb48667197c0cd1817601c4bff5738c" Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT Cache-‐Control: must-‐revalidate Content-‐Encoding: gzip Keep-‐Alive: timeout=15, max=91 Connection: Keep-‐Alive Transfer-‐Encoding: chunked Content-‐Type: text/html; charset=utf-‐8 !

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Status codes hFp://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-‐sec10.html hFp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes

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100 range Magic, fuggedaboudid!

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200 range Check!

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200 range Check!

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200: OK 201: Created 202: Accepted 203: Non-Authoritative   Information 204: No content 205: Reset content 206: Partial content

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300 range Talk to that guy over there

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301: Moved permanently 302: Found 303: See other 304: Not modified 305: Use proxy 306: Unused 307: Temporary redirect

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400 range Dude, you f’d up!

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400: Bad request 401: Unauthorized 402: Payment required 403: Forbidden 404: Not found 405: Method not allowed 406: Not acceptable 407: Proxy authentication required 408: Request timeout

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409: Conflict 410: Gone 411: Length required 412: Precondition failed 413: Request enitity too large 414: Request URI too long 415: Unsupported media type 416: Request range not satisfiable 417: Expectation failed

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500 range Sorry man, we f’d up!

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500: Internal server error 501: Not implemented 502: Bad gateway 503: Service unavailable 504: Gateway timeout 505: HTTP version not supported

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Request headers

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✓Accept ✓Accept-Charset ✓Accept-Encoding ✓Accept- language ✓Authorization ✓Cache-control ✓Connection ✓Cookie ✓Content-length ✓Date ✓Host ✓If-None-Match ✓Pragma ✓Proxy- Authorization ✓Referer ✓Upgrade ✓User-Agent ✓Via

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Response headers

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✓Age ✓Allow ✓Cache-control ✓Connection ✓Content- Encoding ✓Content- Language ✓Content-Length ✓Content-Type ✓Date ✓ETag ✓Expires ✓Last-Modified ✓Location ✓Pragma ✓Server ✓Set-Cookie ✓Transfer- Encoding ✓Vary

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Caching

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ETag If-‐Non-‐Match: "3e86-‐410-‐3596=bc" ETag: "3e86-‐410-‐3596=bc"

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Expires Expires "Wed, 1 Jan 2014 20:00:00 GMT"

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Cache-‐control Cache-‐Control “max-‐age=3600, s-‐ maxage=1000, public, must-‐revalidate”

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Max-Age: TTL for browsers in seconds S-maxage: TTL for proxies in seconds Public: Proxies & browsers can cache Private: Only browsers can cache No-cache: Revalidate before dropping from cache No-store: don’t cache at all Must-revalidate: Browser revalidate before serving from cache Proxy-revalidate: Browser revalidate before serving from cache

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Cookies Tracking Sessions Language

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Cookies HTTP cookie request header via browser HTTP set-cookie response header via webserver

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Service oriented architecture

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API/webservice

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SOAP ✓WSDL = HTTP GET ✓RPC call = HTTP POST ✓Not cacheable ✓No HTTP vocabuliary re-use ✓Complex markup

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REpresentational State Transfer

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Developed in parallel with HTTP/1.1

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The way the web  *should* work

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REST ✓Resources ✓Stateless ✓Cacheable ✓Layered ✓Uniform interface ✓Vocabulary re-use ✓HATEOAS

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David Zülke @dzuelke

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Quoting David Zülke ✓A URL identifies a resource. ✓Resources have a hierarchy, so you know that something with additional slashes is a subordinate resource ✓Verbs are used to perform operations on resources ✓The operation is implicit and not part of the URL ✓A hypermedia format is used to represent the data ✓Link relations are used to navigate a service

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GET POST PUT DELETE Retrieve Insert Update Remove

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HATEOAS WTF?

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Hypertext As The Engine Of Application State

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GET /products/1234 HTTP/1.1 Host: example.com Accept: application/vnd.com.example+xml HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-‐Type: application/vnd.com.example+xml; charset=utf-‐8 Allow: GET, PUT, DELETE xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-‐8" ?> 1234 My product Mijn product 5 6.5 Thx David!

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REST implementations

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Javascript Ajax Jquery Backbone.js Websockets

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Open data ✓hFp://appsforghent.be ✓hFp://opendata.antwerpen.be/apps-‐antwerp ✓hFp://www.openbelgium.be

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Version Control

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✓Twitter Bootstrap ✓Homebrew ✓Ruby On Rails ✓HTML5 Boilerplate ✓Jquery ✓Node.js ✓Phonegap ✓Backbone.js ✓Linux Kernel ✓Symfony2 Frame work ✓Django Framework ✓Zend Framework 2 ✓Git Popular GitHub projects

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Not Invented Here

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Managing dependencies

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Managing dependencies ✓Add to project ✓Share across environment ✓Beste of both worlds: package managers

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Package managers ✓Ruby: Gem ✓Python: Pip ✓Perl: CPAN ✓PHP: PEAR, PECL & Composer ✓.NET: NuGet ✓Linux: yum, apt-get ✓Javascript: npm, bower

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Dependency injection pattern

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Webservers

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GWS 3% of the internet

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Facebook’s PHP runtime

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Database servers

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“I wish I had enough money to run Oracle instead of Postgres." ! “Why do you want to do that?" ! “I dont, I just wish I had enough money to”

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Addressing the needs of today’s internet

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Stability

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Availability

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Perform ance

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Scalability Social Mobile Cloud Data

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Mobile

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Big data

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The tools have evolved

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Not only SQL

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Message queues

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Varnish

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✓Async, non-blocking, event-driven ✓Javascript based ✓Callbacks ✓Data intensive ✓CK10 problem ✓Not for websites ✓Real-time communication ✓Websockets ✓Hipsters

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var http = require('http'); http.createServer(function (req, res) { res.writeHead(200, {'Content-Type': 'text/plain'}); res.end('Hello World\n'); }).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1'); console.log('Server running at http:// 127.0.0.1:1337/');

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Change

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✓Flexibility/elasticity ✓Scalability ✓Distributed systems ✓Any server could die any moment ✓Clustering ✓Replication ✓Sharding ✓Modularity

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Developers Agile

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✓People > processes ✓Usability > documentation ✓Late requirement changes ✓Fast changes ✓Prototype ~ production ✓Continuous delivery ✓Short cycles ✓Quick releases

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Fail fast

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Sysadmins DevOps

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Patrick Debois “What is this DevOps thing anyway?” http://www.jedi.be/blog/2010/02/12/ what-is-this-devops-thing-anyway

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✓Fear of change ✓Risky deployment ✓It work on my machine ✓Siloisation

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Kris Buytaert “Building Clouds since before the bookstore” http://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/what-devops

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Everything is a Freaking DNS problem

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That sweet spot between "operating system" or platform stack and the application layer

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Tearing down silos

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Infrastructure As Code

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class apache ( $default_mods = true, $service_enable = true, $serveradmin = 'root@localhost', $sendfile = false, $purge_vdir = true ) { include apache::params ! package { 'httpd': ensure => installed, name => $apache::params::apache_name, } ! # true/false is sufficient for both ensure and enable validate_bool($service_enable) ! service { 'httpd': ensure => $service_enable, name => $apache::params::apache_name, enable => $service_enable,

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! file { 'httpd_vdir': ensure => directory, path => $apache::params::vdir, recurse => true, purge => $purge_vdir, notify => Service['httpd'], require => Package['httpd'], } ! if $apache::params::conf_dir and $apache::params::conf_file { # Template uses: # -‐ $apache::params::user # -‐ $apache::params::group # -‐ $apache::params::conf_dir # -‐ $serveradmin file { "${apache::params::conf_dir}/$ {apache::params::conf_file}": ensure => present, content => template("apache/$ {apache::params::conf_file}.erb"),

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Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box = "lucid32" config.vm.box_url = "http://files.vagrantup.com/lucid32.box" config.vm.customize [ "modifyvm", :id, "-‐-‐name", "Varnish Training", "-‐-‐memory", "512" ] config.vm.network :hostonly, "12.12.12.6" config.vm.share_folder "v-‐data", "/home/data", "./" config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef| chef.cookbooks_path = "./tools/chef/cookbooks" chef.json = { :varnish => { :vcl_dir => "/home/data", :version => "3.0", :listen_port => "80", :storage => "malloc", :storage_size => "256m", }, :apache => { :listen_ports => ["8080"] } } chef.add_recipe("vim") chef.add_recipe("apache2") chef.add_recipe("apache2::mod_php5") chef.add_recipe("varnish::apt_repo") chef.add_recipe("varnish::default") end end

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Measure

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✓Google Analytics ✓Access_logs ✓Logstash ✓Graphite ✓Collectd ✓Statsd ✓New Relic ✓Datadog ✓Kibana