Building hybrid microservices

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. LINUX  CONTAINERS 6 The why and the what • Containers vs VMs • app-level dependency management • lightweight (startup time, footprint, average runtime) • security considerations • pets vs cattle (and ﬂock of birds)

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. LINUX  CONTAINERS 7 • namespaces • Isolate PIDs between processes • Isolate network resources (stacks, devices, etc.) • Isolate hostname/NIS (UTS) • Isolate ﬁlesystem mount (chroot) • Isolate inter process communication (IPC) • Isolate users/groups • cgroups  https://sysadmincasts.com/episodes/14-introduction-to-linux-control-groups-cgroups

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. DOCKER 9 Registries • Docker Hub  https://hub.docker.com/ • Google Cloud  https://cloud.google.com/tools/container-registry/ • AWS  https://aws.amazon.com/ecr/ • Run your own  https://docs.docker.com/registry/deploying/

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ARE CONTAINERS SECURE? 11 • containers share same kernel (!) • namespaces (user NS: UID 0 recently introduced) • lock down networking (ICC, for example) • apply common sense when handling credentials

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ARE CONTAINERS SECURE? 12 Please, don't bake credentials into images … rather do: $ docker run -d -e API_TOKEN=SECRET somedatabase $ docker run -d -v $(pwd):/fsecret:/fsecret:ro somedatabase → even better: use a key-value in-memory store such as Square's KeyWhiz, HashiCorp's Vault, or Crypt or native solutions such as Kubernetes Secrets for credentials.

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. PETS VS CATTLE 13 Pets are individuals that you give names and when they get ill you nurse them back to health. Cattle are anonymous, identical to other cattle you assign numbers and when they get ill → next one. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/03/18/servers_pets_or_cattle_cern/

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. … AND FLOCK OF BIRDS 14 https://medium.com/@mhausenblas/pets-vs-cattle-vs-ﬂock-of-birds-12f1da3abfc3 Flock of birds. Per-task computing: unit of compute is a function + dynamically allocated resources. • AWS Lambda • webtask.io • StackHut

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 Kubernetes, Mesos+Marathon, Nomad, etc. >>  write your own container manager >>  manually managing containers http://www.cloudtp.com/2015/11/30/docker-container-landscape/

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. • A top-level ASF project • A cluster resource negotiator • Scalable to 10,000s of nodes but also useful for a handful of nodes • Fault-tolerant, battle-tested • An SDK for distributed apps • Native Docker support 23 Apache Mesos

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. MARATHON 42 An init System for datacenters • starts instances of a long-running service somewhere in the cluster, for example, as  Docker containers • restarts the instances if they crash • provides composition primitives • supports health checks • supports rolling upgrades

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. MARATHON 43 { "id": "webserver", "cmd": "python3 -m http.server 8080", "cpus": 0.5, "mem": 32.0, "container": { "type": "DOCKER", "docker": { "image": "python:3", "network": "BRIDGE", "portMappings": [ { "containerPort": 8080, "hostPort": 0 } ] } }, "acceptedResourceRoles": [ "slave_public" ], "constraints": [ [ "hostname", "UNIQUE" ] ] }

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. WHAT IS KUBERNETES? 44 • open source container orchestration system • scheduling apps onto nodes + scaling • manages apps to match declared intentions • based on Google's internal cluster managers such as Borg

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. KUBERNETES CONCEPTS 46 • container—sealed application package (Docker) • pod—small group of tightly coupled containers • labels—identifying metadata attached to objects (pods, services, etc.) • selector—query against labels, producing a set result • controller—control loop driving current state towards desired state • service—set of pods that work together (incl. proxy/load balancer)

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. KUBERNETES: PODS 47 • unit of scheduling • data sharing between its containers • shared mount point (volumes) • shared network namespace (same IP, see each other on localhost)

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. KUBERNETES: LABELS & SELECTORS 48 • arbitrary metadata (in key-value format) attached to any API object • used for grouping, queryable by selectors • examples • pods managed by a replication controller • nodes capabilities for scheduling

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. KUBERNETES: CLUSTER-WIDE SERVICES 51 • monitoring (e.g.: cAdvisor + InﬂuxDB + Heapster) • logging (e.g.: ﬂuentd + ES + Kibana) • DNS (e.g.: skydns + kube2sky) • all of the above can be replaced by custom solutions (GCP, AWS, etc.)

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. MEET THE DATACENTER OPERATING SYSTEM 54 Any Service or Container Any Infrastructure Mesosphere DCOS Your favorite services, container formats, and those yet to come Build apps once on DCOS, and run it anywhere Runs distributed apps anywhere   as simply as running apps on your laptop

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. DCOS BENEFITS 55 • Run stateless services such as Web servers, app servers (via Marathon) and stateful services like Crate, Kafka, HDFS, Cassandra, ArangoDB etc. together on one cluster • Dynamic partitioning of your cluster, depending on your needs (business requirements) • Increased utilization (10% → 80% an more)

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© 2015 Mesosphere, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 66 WHERE CAN  I LEARN MORE? 66 http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920043874.do http://www.oreilly.com/webops-perf/free/kubernetes.csp http://mhausenblas.info/dnsd/toc.pdf

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