Changing the layout game (Smashing version)

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Hallo Freiburg!

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Hi, I’m Chris Wright @cwrightdesign

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Sydney, Australia

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https://emails.hteumeuleu.com/trying-to-make-sense-of-gmail-css-support-e88cd7995cea

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layout Changing the game

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How we solve problems

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inﬂuence the features tomorrow Features today

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Avoiding absolutes

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Experimentation

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From hacks and experimentation

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create APIs to our own CSS

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shape the future how we can

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Looking back

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Complexity

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The clearﬁx hack

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The media query

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2001

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Fluid image hack One deﬁned dimension preserves aspect ratio

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Fluid image hack One deﬁned dimension preserves aspect ratio

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Compressive images Images at double size with full compression https://www.ﬁlamentgroup.com/lab/compressive-images.html

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We make creative hacks

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Compressive images Fluid image hack Clearﬁx hack

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Compressive images Fluid image hack Clearﬁx hack

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Compressive images Sizes, Picture Fluid image hack Object-fit Clearfix hack Display: flowroot

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Hacks are our desire paths

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hacks are a creative use of features Brilliant

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Unique properties

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Block padding is relative to the width of the element Intrinsic ratio padding-top: 56.25% https://alistapart.com/article/creating-intrinsic-ratios-for-video

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Quantity queries Combining nth selector with general sibling https://alistapart.com/article/quantity-queries-for-css

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Dirty hacks Browser isolation

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Hacks that never leave

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Our needs often grow beyond the tools we have

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Layout is always hacked

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60+ lines of code to deﬁne column behaviour Flexbox grid example

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35+ lines of code anytime you touch a media query Flexbox grid example

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Now we have declarative grids

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Fraction units, yay!

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1 Fr 1 / 1

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1Fr 1Fr 1 / 2 1 / 2

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1Fr 1Fr 1Fr 1 / 3 1 / 2 1 / 3 1 / 3

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1Fr 2Fr 1 / 3 2 / 3

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Repeat (2, 1Fr) 1 / 2 1 / 2

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Creating white space

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grid-column-start: 2

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Across rows and columns

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grid-column: span 2;

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60 Lines of code reduced to 1 line

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Building up complex grids

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Flexible grids

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Quantity queries meet Grid span

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Variables add simplicity

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Variables create relationships between values

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Deﬁne how columns and spans collapse across viewports

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Deﬁne how columns and spans collapse across viewports

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Experimentation with values

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Feature queries simpliﬁed

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Testing Feature queries by using not

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Components moving toward

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From static pages to static devices

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http://v3.danielmall.com/articles/content-display-patterns/

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http://bradfrost.com/blog/post/7-habits-of-highly-effective-media-queries/

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Increased complexity, poorer maintainability

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Average: 264 Media queries Over 50 Websites

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Media queries are restricted to viewports and media types

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Deﬁne once, use anywhere

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Available space is the constraint

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http://danielmall.com/articles/content-display-patterns/

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evolved Media queries

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min-width (30 em) default component

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Problems

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Inﬁnite loops

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https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/performance/critical-rendering-path/analyzing-crp CSS Parsing

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Autonomous layout

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Flex wrap and set widths

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Flex wrap: Two ﬁxed widths 320px 480px = 800px +

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Less than 800px space available

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Flex-grow: 1

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In practice

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The problem: expanding evenly

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The problem: expanding evenly

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The ﬂex-grow: 9999 variant http://joren.co/ﬂex-grow-9999-hack/

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ﬂex: 99999 ﬂex: 1 Only one has room to grow

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ﬂex: 99999 ﬂex: 1 Only one has room to grow

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ﬂex: 99999 ﬂex: 1

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Multi columns

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Multi columns column-width: 600px

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Multi columns column-width: 600px

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Multi columns column-width: 600px

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Flex wrap + Column-count: auto

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columns: 300px

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columns: 300px

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Grid: Auto-ﬁt and auto-ﬁll

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Component based imagery

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SVG has its own document context

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SVG can also embed HTML https://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Web/SVG/Element/foreignObject

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an API to detect size changes ResizeObserver

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window.onresize the old way of detecting

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http://alistapart.com/article/container-queries-once-more-unto-the-breach

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Element size relationships

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Can it communicate with CSS?

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We can use CSS Variables to communicate

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Getting variables via JS

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Setting variables via JS

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Fluid Typography

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http://jxnblk.com/ﬁtter-happier-text/

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https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/05/ﬂuid-typography/

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Font-size: 50ctw (not real CSS, I wish)

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Size based on line length

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ResizeObserver Container based ﬂuid typography

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In the browser

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Useful for techniques that use calc()

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An unfortunate limitation in CSS

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CSS can’t range match a selector

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Communicate shape

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A preview might exist with different shapes http://lincolnloop.github.io/element-queries-example/

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1:1 3:5 4:3 5:1

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1:1 3:5 4:3 5:1 Container shapes as ratio

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Media queries are very good at this job

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Let’s hack media queries!

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@media (min-width: var(—size)) { Not valid

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window.matchMedia(condition).matches

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Turns out we don’t even need to use them

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Set the conditions in variables

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ResizeObserver detects a change, read variables

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check if they match, add the class

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But browser support!

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Looking ahead

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Browser APIs Open for CSS

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Houdini

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Houdini What will mean for the web

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Animation Paint Layout Custom @rules More powerful custom properties

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Custom @rules

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@container-shape(square) {}

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@container(min-width: 400px) {}

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Layout Designing Browser

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Layout Black box

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display: layout(Fluxbox)

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https://github.com/w3c/css-houdini-drafts/blob/master/css-layout-api/EXPLAINER.md