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Starring With Directed by as Written by

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!

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@hschwentner

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Foto: Rameessos/Wikipedia

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@hschwentner Spark a fire ! Tell a story " Paint a picture #

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!

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!

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Painting a picture "

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!"# Kolleg:in gesucht (Deutschlandweit)

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Story Time

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@hschwentner Do I get a car for this?

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Monolease

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@hschwentner To split the Monolith we first have to put it aside

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thinking about business => thinking about technology to

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customer tells wish for 1 salesperson signs to gives for contract 3 risk manager contract passes on to 4 contract votes checks calculates 5 6 7 calculates to 8 2 car credit rating installment car resale value contract

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@hschwentner Explained

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Collaborative Modeling

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Domain Expert Developer

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Knowledge crunching

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Collaborative Modeling User Story Mapping

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@hschwentner Domain Storytelling = Pictographic Language + Workshop Format

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@hschwentner The Workshop Format

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@hschwentner Bring together the right people and let them tell a story

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" " Storyteller Listeners

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@hschwentner HANDS OVER RISK MANAGER SALESPERSON TO CONTRACT PASSES ON “The salesperson passes on the contract to the risk manager”

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Active Listening

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CONCRETE STORIES VS. ABSTRACT PROCESSES

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@hschwentner The Pictographic Language

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@hschwentner actor work object activity 5 sequence number

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@hschwentner risk manager contract votes

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@hschwentner CALCULATES GIVES INSTALLMENT CAR

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@hschwentner CONTRACT CONTRACT PASSES ON SIGNS

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@hschwentner person group IT system

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ACTORS ONCE/ WORK OBJECTS SEVERAL TIMES SIGNS 4 FILLS OUT 5 CUSTOMER CONTRACT CONTRACT

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@hschwentner ßDraw here Leave some empty space there à Annotations, variations, and purpose Precondi?ons, assump?ons, and triggers Name of the Domain Story

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PICTOGRAPHIC LANGUAGE – NO IF/SWITCH/OR actor work object activity 5 sequence number

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Scenario-based modeling

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Scenarios Car Leasing – The Happy Path Car Leasing – Contract is too risky Car Leasing – Customer can’t afford installment

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@hschwentner Scope

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Scope Factors

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@hschwentner Granularity Point in time Domain Purity

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@hschwentner Granularity fine- grained coarse- grained x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

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@hschwentner A Day at the Beach ! Sea Level " Kite Level ☁ Cloud Level $ Fish Level % Clam Level Foto: Dennis Hamilton/flickr/CC BY 2.0 Alistair Cockburn

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@hschwentner Point in Time as-is to-be t

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@hschwentner Point in Time now optimized t with new system

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@hschwentner Domain Purity pure digitalized

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@hschwentner Excercise

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@hschwentner Tell domain story: - “Travel by train” - Coarse-grained - All together Exercise

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@hschwentner Tools

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PowerPoint Whiteboard Kit (www.domainstorytelling.org)

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@hschwentner https://egon.io

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PowerPoint Whiteboard Kit (www.domainstorytelling.org)

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Whiteboard Kit (www.domainstorytelling.org)

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@hschwentner

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@hschwentner Modes

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Moderated

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Co-op

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@hschwentner Tell domain story: - “Going to the movies” - Coarse-grained - In groups Exercise

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@hschwentner Purposes

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@hschwentner draw boundaries learn language work on requirements implement domain model find shadow IT …

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@hschwentner Learning Domain Language

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VOTES CHECKS CALCULATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT INSTALLMENT: THE MONTHLY PAYMENT OF THE CUSTOMER

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@hschwentner Drawing Boundaries

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Bundesarchiv, Bild 173-1282 / Helmut J. Wolf / CC-BY-SA 3.0

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@hschwentner Scope: coarse-grained to-be (i.e. optimized) pure

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Which activities belong together (from an actor’s perspective)?

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VO TES CHECKS CALCU LATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT SALES RISK ASSESSMENT

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VO TES CHECKS CALCU LATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT SALES Group the sentences • Boundary around activites and work objects • Keep actors outside boundaries Give a name to the group RISK ASSESSMENT

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VO TES CHECKS CALCU LATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT SALES RISK ASSESSMENT

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SALES RISK ASSESSMENT

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@hschwentner Naming Subdomains Express what is done Verbs turned into nouns Often: -ing-form Anti-pattern: name of work object as name for subdomain

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@hschwentner Naming Subdomains— Examples Price calculation Risk assess- ment Maneuver planning Customer Car Price Payment Car inspection

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Indicators: 1) Actor produces result on their own 2) One-way informa

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@hschwentner Draw Boundaries: - “Traveling by train” - All together Exercise

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@hschwentner Draw Boundaries: - “Going to the movies” - In groups Exercise

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@hschwentner From Coarse-Grained to Fine-Grained

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VO TES CHECKS CALCU LATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT SALES RISK ASSESSMENT

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CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SALESPERSON SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR INSTALLMENT CAR CONTRACT SALES salesperson fills out 1 contract car model w ith price and

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salesperson fills out 1 2 interest from contract price car model calculates 3 offers installment signs w ith and contract for price and customer contract 3

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@hschwentner Tell domain story: - “Validate train ticket” - Fine-grained - All together Exercise

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@hschwentner Tell domain story: - “Selling movie tickets” - Fine-grained, pure, as-is - In groups Exercise

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@hschwentner Working with Requirements

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@hschwentner From Domain Story to User Story

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SALESPERSON CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VOTES CHECKS CALCULATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT TELL WISH FOR CAR CALCULATE INSTALLMENT

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SALESPERSON CUSTOMER TELLS WISH FOR 1 SIGNS TO GIVES FOR CONTRACT 3 RISK MANAGER CONTRACT PASSES ON TO 4 CONTRACT VOTES CHECKS CALCULATES 5 6 7 CALCU- LATES TO 8 2 CAR CREDIT RATING INSTALLMENT CAR RESALE VALUE CONTRACT AS CUSTOMER I WANT TO TELL WHAT KIND OF CAR I NEED SO THAT THE CAR IS NOT TOO EXPENSIVE AS SALESPERSON I WANT TO CALCULATE THE CONTRACT SO THAT I CAN FULFILL MY CLIENT‘S WISH

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@hschwentner From Domain Story to User Story Map

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@hschwentner Coarse-Grained Domain Story as Backbone for User Story Map

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@hschwentner TELL WISH FOR CAR CALCULATE INSTALLMENT SIGN CONTRACT PASS ON CONTRACT

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@hschwentner WISH CAR CALCULATE INSTALLMENT SIGN CONTRACT PASS O CONTRA CALCULATE INSTALLMENT FOR NEW CUSTOMER CALCULATE INSTALLMENT FOR EXISTING CUSTOMER

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@hschwentner Write user stories: - “Selling movie tickets” - In groups Exercise

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@hschwentner Modeling in Code

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salesperson fills out 1 2 interest from contract price car model calculates 3 offers installment signs w ith and contract for price and customer contract 3

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@hschwentner How do we design a program for that?

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@hschwentner #dddesign

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-DRIVEN DESIGN

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Software Domain

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@hschwentner From Domain Story to Code

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«Entity» Contract fillOut(:CarModel, :Price) calculateInstallment(:Interest) salesperson fills out 1 2 interest from contract price car model calculates 3 offers installment signs w ith and contract for price and customer contract 3 sign()

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«En>ty» Contract fillOut(:CarModel, :Price) calculateInstallment(:Interest) sign() «Value Object» CarModel «Value Object» Price «Value Object» Interest

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class Contract { public Contract(CarModel carModel, Amount price) //... public void calculateInstallment(Interest interest) //... public void sign(SignDate date) //... }

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import org.jmolecules.annotations.ddd.Entity; @Entity class Contract { public Contract(CarModel carModel, Amount price) //... public void calculateInstallment(Interest interest) //... public void sign(SignDate date) //... }

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import org.jmolecules.annotations.ddd.Entity; @Entity class Contract { public Contract(CarModel carModel, Amount price) //... public void calculateInstallment(Interest interest) //... public void sign(SignDate date) //... } record CarModel(String name){}

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import org.jmolecules.annotations.ddd.*; @Entity class Contract { public Contract(CarModel carModel, Amount price) //... public void calculateInstallment(Interest interest) //... public void sign(SignDate date) //... } @ValueObject record CarModel(String name){}

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@Entity class Contract { public Contract(CarModel carModel, Amount price) //... public void calculateInstallment(Interest interest) //... public void sign(SignDate date) //... } @ValueObject record CarModel(String name){} @ValueObject record Amount(int cents, Currency currency){} @ValueObject enum Currency{ EUR, GBP, USD }

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public void sign(SignDate date) //... } @ValueObject record CarModel(String name){} @ValueObject record Amount(int cents, Currency currency){} @ValueObject enum Currency{ EUR, GBP, USD } // ...

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Object orientation

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LeasingNinja https://leasingninja.io

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@hschwentner LeasingNinja.io

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@hschwentner Derive Domain Model: - “Traveling by train” - From fine-grained stories - All together Exercise

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@hschwentner Derive Domain Model: - “Going to the movies” - From fine-grained stories - In groups Exercise

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@hschwentner Cutting the Monolith

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@hschwentner Brownfield

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@hschwentner How to split the monolith

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1) How should it be? 2) How is it? 3) How to move the “is” to the “ideal”? RISK MANAGE- MENT SALES

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1) How should it be? 1) Domain Re-Discovery 2) “ideal” context map 2) How is it? 1) Architecture Analysis 2) As-is context map 3) How to move the “is” to the “ideal”? 1) Compare 2) Create List of Refactorings 4) Do the move 1) Extract a suppor

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old old old old new new new new “just flip the lever” 1 2 3 4 5 a.k.a. big bang replacement

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old old old new new new new 2 3 4 5 old 1

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Strangler Fig Application

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Strangler Fig Application

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Lesson: is better than Strangler Fig Application Big Bang Replacement

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<> Contract sign() SALES RISK ASSESSMENT <> Contract sign() vote() … BIG BALL OF MUD <> Contract vote()

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Domain-Driven Refactorings • Strategic • Socio-Technical • Tactical (Against Model Anemia) • Tactical (Against Big Ball of Mud)

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Domain-Driven Refactorings • Strategic • Carve Out Bounded Context • Socio-Technical • Form Cross-Functional Team • Tactical (Against Model Anemia) • Tactical (Against Big Ball of Mud) • Extract Specialized Entity • Extract Specialized Data Model

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Read on at: https://hschwentner.io/domain-driven-refactorings

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@hschwentner Consulting

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@hschwentner Conclusion

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@hschwentner Further Reading

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@hschwentner https://domainstorytelling.org

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Get it at: https://hschwentner.io

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@hschwentner LeasingNinja.io

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May 6th-8th 2024 Vienna, Austria The Collaborative Modeling Unconference comocamp.org Event Storming User Story Mapping Event Modeling Impact Mapping Domain Storytelling Storystorming Context Mapping Example Mapping etc.

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@hschwentner

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Bibliography Baas-Schwegler, Kenny and João Rosa (eds.). Visual Collaboration Tools. Self-published, Leanpub, last updated August 7, 2020. Beck, Kent et al. Manifesto for Agile Software Development. 2001. Brandolini, Alberto. Introducing EventStorming. Self-published, Leanpub, last updated February 12, 2021. Conway, Melvin E. “How Do Committees Invent?” Datamation 14, no. 5 (April 1968): 28–31. Evans, Eric. Domain-Driven Design: Tackling Complexity in the Heart of Software. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2004. Foote, Brian and Joseph Yoder. “Big Ball of Mud.” PLoP ’97, Monticello, IL, September 1997. Fowler, Martin. “Strangler Fig Application.” Bliki, June 29, 2004. Hofer, Stefan and Henning Schwentner. Domain Storytelling: a Collaborative, Visual, and Agile Way to Develop Domain- Driven Software. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2022. Patton, Jeff. User Story Mapping: Discover the Whole Story, Build the Right Product. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly, 2014.

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Henning Schwentner ⌂ https://hschwentner.io @hschwentner [email protected] Kolleg:in gesucht (Deutschlandweit)

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@hschwentner Appendix

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@hschwentner What about Event Storming?

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