Swiftに適したサーバーアーキテクチャを再考して実装までしてみる

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Swiftʹదͨ͠αʔόʔΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛ࠶ߟ࣮ͯ͠૷·Ͱͯ͠ΈΔ Yuki Takei(noppoMan) @Tokyo-Server-Side Swift Meetup#5 Dec, 19, 2016

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TSSS Meetupɺ ͳΜͱ൒೥ͿΓͷ։࠵Ͱ͢ʂ

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ࣗݾ঺հ

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Swift͕OpenԽ͔ͯ͠Βɺ ৭ʑͳϥΠϒϥϦΛ࡞ͬͯެ։͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ

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OSS • Slimane -> Web Framework • Skelton -> Event Driven HTTP Server • Suv -> Async Net, I/O Platform (libuv based)

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Slimaneͷ։ൃணख͔Βૣ͍͜ͱʹ΋͏໿1೥ (࠷ۙ͸͋·Γ΍ͬͯͳ͍ͷͰ͕͢ɺɺ)

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͔ͭͯ͸ɺSwift͕ຬ଍ʹLinuxͰ͸ಈ͔ͣ

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Server-Side-SwiftͷΩʔϓϨΠϠʔͨͪ΋ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͳͲ ͷେ෦෼ΛࣗલͰ࡞͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ

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͔͠͠

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Swift3͕ϦϦʔε͞ΕͯɺServer SideͰ΋Swiftͷඪ४APIΛੵ ۃతʹ࢖͍ͬͯ͜͏ͱ͍ͬͨྲྀΕʹͳ͖͍ͬͯͯ·͢ɻ

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ͦ͜ͰɺࠓͷServe Side Swiftʹదͨ͠ αʔόʔΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ͸ҰମͲΜͳ΋ͷͳͷ͔ʁ

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ͦΕΛࣗ෼ͳΓʹ࠶ߟ͠ɺ࣮૷ͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠ɻ ͱ͍͏͓࿩Ͱ͢ɻ

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·ͣ͸ɺࠓճͷൃදͷωλͱͳΔϥΠϒϥϦͷ͝঺հͰ͢

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• Swift3͕ඪ४Ͱఏڙ͢ΔAPIΛੵۃతʹ࢖ͬͨωοτ ϫʔΫϥΠϒϥϦ • ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ͋͘·ͰωοτϫʔΫϓϩ άϥϛϯά؀ڥ • جຊతʹ͸ಉظI/OͷAPIΛఏڙ (callbackΛۃྗഉআ) • ඇಉظϓϩάϥϛϯά͸ಠࣗͷAPIΛར༻͢Δ(ޙड़) • ݱࡏ͸HTTP(S)ɺTCPͷServer/ClientͱIP(v4, 6)Λఏڙ Prorsumͱ͸ʁ

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Ͱ͸ૣ଎ɺSwiftʹదͨ͠αʔόʔΞʔΩςΫνϟͱ͸Կͳͷ͔ ୳͍͖͍ͬͯͨͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ

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ͦͷલʹɺͲΜͳछྨͷαʔόʔΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕͋ͬͨͷ͔ɺ ͓͢͜͠͞Β͍Ͱ͢ɻ

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୅දతͳαʔόʔΞʔΩςΫνϟ • ϚϧνεϨουϞσϧ • ϚϧνϓϩηεϞσϧ • Πϕϯτۦಈ • ϋΠϒϦουϞσϧ

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ϚϧνεϨουϞσϧ main process worker thread worker thread worker thread client client client thread ϦΫΤετຖʹthreadΛ࡞Γ(࠷ۙ͸Pool͕ओྲྀ)ɺͦͷthread্ͰϦΫΤετΛࡹ͘ɻ ϓϩηεͱҧ͍ϝϞϦΛڞ༗Ͱ͖ΔɻʢϩοΫʹΑΔഉଞ੍ޚඞਢʣ C10K໰୊͕࿩୊ʹͳͬͨɻ thread thread

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ϚϧνϓϩηεϞσϧ ਤ͸ϚϧνεϨουʹࣅ͍ͯΔ͕ɺϓϩηεΛϑΥʔΫͯ͠ϝϞϦۭؒΛ෼͚Δɻ ϑΥʔΫͨ͠ϓϩηε಺ͰϦΫΤετΛࡹ͍͍ͯ͘ɻ ਌ࢠؒͷ௨৴͸υϝΠϯιέοτΛ࢖͏ main process worker process fork worker process worker process client client client fork fork

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ΠϕϯτۦಈϞσϧ γϯάϧίΞ্ʹΠϕϯτϧʔϓΛ࡞੒͠ɺιέοτ΍ϑΝΠϧγεςϜ΁ ͷॻ͖ࠐΈ࣌ʹΠϕϯτ(callback౳)ΛൃՐ͢ΔɻγϯάϧίΞͷͨΊɺ ϨʔείϯσΟγϣϯ΍deadlock౳Λؾʹ͢Δඞཁ͕ແ͍͕ɺϚϧνίΞ Λ׆͔͢͜ͱ͕ग़དྷͳ͍ɻC10K໰୊Λղܾͨ͠ main process select, epoll, kqueue client client client

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ϋΠϒϦοτϞσϧ Πϕϯτۦಈ+WorkerThread OR WorkerProcessϞσϧͳͲෳ਺ͷΞʔΩςΫ νϟΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͨ΋ͷ(͜ͷݴ༿͕࣮ࡏ͢Δ͔͸ෆ໌) Node.jsͰ͸ClusterϞδϡʔϧΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΠϕϯτۦಈ+WorkerProcess ϞσϧΛఏڙ͢Δɻ͜ΕʹΑΓɺϚϧνίΞΛ׆͔͢͜ͱ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɻ master client worker worker uv_loop uv_loop uv_loop passing fds passing fds fork fork client

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͜ͷ಺ɺSlimane͸libuvϕʔεͷͨΊɺNode.jsͱશ͘Ұॹͷ Πϕϯτۦಈ+WorkerProcessϞσϧΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ

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Ͱ͸ɺProrsum͸ͱ͍͏ͱʁ

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ProrsumͷΞʔΩςΫνϟΛඥղ͘લʹɺ ·ͣ͸SwiftͷඇಉظI/O΍ฒྻॲཧͷํ๏ΛֶͿඞཁ͕͋Γͦ ͏Ͱ͢

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SwiftͰ͸ɺiOSͳͲͰUIඳըΛࢭΊͯ͠·͏Α͏ͳॏ͍ॲཧΛ ॻ͘ࡍʹɺGCDͱ͍͏APIΛ࢖͍͔ͬͯͨͱࢥ͍·͢

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Grand Central Dispatch(GCD) • DispatchQueue • DispatchSource • DispatchGroup • DispatchSemaphore ௨ৗ͸ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯதʹهड़͢ΔεϨου؅ཧ༻ͷίʔυΛɺ γεςϜϨϕϧͰ࣮૷ͨ͠΋ͷ (By Apple ฒߦϓϩάϥϛϯάΨΠυ) https://developer.apple.com/jp/documentation/ConcurrencyProgrammingGuide.pdf ୅දతͳ΋ͷ͸ҎԼʁ

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ཁ͸ɺThreadͷ؅ཧ΍ฒྻϓϩάϥϛϯά͸θϩ͔Β࣮૷ ͢ΔͱେมͳͷͰɺγεςϜଆʢLinuxͰ͋Ε͹ϥΠϒϥϦ ଆʣͰ࣮૷ͨ͠΋ͷΛɺϓϩάϥϚʹ࢖͍΍͘͢ఏڙ͠· ͢Αͱ͍͏΋ͷɻ

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Dispatch Queue • λεΫΛqueuingͯ͠ɺ͋ΔThread্Ͱඇಉظ/ಉظత ʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱ͕ग़དྷΔAPI • mainQueue, GlobalQueueɺϢʔβʔ࡞੒Queueʹ෼͔ ΕΔ • SerialͱConcurrentͷattribute͕͋Δ • queueʹରͯ͠༏ઌॱҐͷίϯτϩʔϧ͕Մೳ • ҰͭͷQueue͸࣮ߦ׬ྃ·ͰϒϩοΫ͞ΕΔ

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Dispatch Queue Serial Task Task Task Task Task queue.async {} Concurrent Task Task Task Task Task Task Task Task queue.async {} executing waiting balancing

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Dispatch Source • ϑΝΠϧهड़ࢠͳͲΛ؂ࢹͯ͠ɺԿ͔ͷΠϕϯτ Λػʹొ࿥ࡁΈͷcallbackΛݺͼग़ͨ͢ΊͷAPI • ΠϕϯτυϦϒϯͳϓϩάϥϛϯά͕ॻ͚Δ • OSґଘͳඇಉظؔ਺Λ͏·͘ϥοϓͯ͘͠Εͯ ͍Δ(libevʹ͍ۙ) • ίʔυΛಡΜͩΒɺMacͰ͸kqueueΛ࢖ͬͯ ϑΝΠϧهड़ࢠΛ؂ࢹ͍ͯͨ͠

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Dispatch SourceͰ؂ࢹՄೳͳ΋ͷͷҰ෦ • Timer • Signal • FileSystem • Socket • MemoryPressure

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ͨͱ͑͹ɺϑΝΠϧ΁ͷॻ͖ࠐΈΛݕ஌ͯ͠ɺϓ ϩάϥϜΛ࠶ίϯύΠϧ͢ΔΑ͏ͳϓϩάϥϜͳ Ͳ͕؆୯ʹॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢ɻ (LinuxͰ͸ݱঢ়epoll࢖͍ͬͯͳ͍ͨΊɺKitura͸ࣗલͰepoll Λॻ͍ͯ·ͨ͠স)

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͜͜·Ͱந৅Խ͞ΕͨAPI͕͋ΔͷͰɺ GCDΛ׆͔ͨ͠ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕SwiftͰ͸ྑͦ͞͏Ͱ͢

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ͦΕΒΛ౿·͑ɺࠓճܾ·ͬͨΞʔΩςΫνϟ͕ͪ͜Β

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ProrsumͷαʔόʔΞʔΩςΫνϟ DispatchSource + DispatchQueueΛ࢖ͬͨ Πϕϯτۦಈ + WorkerThreadͷϋΠϒϦοτϞσϧ main thread DispatchSourceͰɺ listeningSocketΛ؂ࢹ Queue Queue Queue Queue Queue Queue Queue Queue Queue client DispatchQueue(concurrent) nonblocking I/O blocking I/O

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GCDʹΑΓɺΠϕϯτۦಈϞσϧͷϚϧνίΞΛ׆͔ͤͳ͍໰ ୊Λ1ϓϩηε͚ͩͰղܾͰ͖·ͨ͠ɻ (CPUΛ࢖͍੾Ε͍ͯͳ͍ͱ͍͏ผ໰୊͕·ͩ͋Δ…)

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·ͨɺγϯάϧϓϩηεͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ Slimaneʹൺ΂ͯϓϩηε؅ཧ͸ඇৗʹ؆୯ʹ

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͔͠͠ɺ·ͨ৽ͨͳ໰୊͕ൃੜ

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Slimane͸׬શͳΠϕϯτۦಈαʔόʔͩͬͨͷͰɺɺ

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CallBack Hell!!

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callbackͷ໰୊఺ • ͦ΋ͦ΋Swiftඪ४Ͱ͸ඇಉظύϥμΠϜʹऑ͍ (Promise΍ FutureɺAsync/Await͕ݴޠػೳʹͳ͍) • ΤϥʔϋϯυϦϯά͕೉͍͠(callbackຖʹΤϥʔॲཧ͕ඞཁ) • try catchͱ૬ੑѱ͍ • ॥؀ࢀরΛ࡞Γ΍͍͢ʢΩϟϓνϟϦετΛॻ͖๨ΕΔʣ • return͠๨Εͯcallback͕2ճݺ͹ΕΔ໰୊ • @escapingͱ͔ɺ(T)->Voidͱ͔Կճ΋ॻ͘ͷ໘౗

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͔͠͠ɺɺ

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GCD΋ɺඇಉظॲཧͷ݁ՌΛblockͰड͚औΔͱ͍͏Ξ ϓϩʔνΛ࠾༻͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɺɺ ʢͱ͸͍͑ɺ͜ΕʹΑΓɺϨʔείϯσΟγϣϯͳͲΛ͋·Γؾʹ͠ͳͯ͘ྑ͘ͳ Γ·͢ɻʣ

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block = callback

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·ɺ·͔͞ww

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͑ɺ݁ہwww

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ͪΐͬɺ଴ͯΑ͒

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SwiftͰαʔόʔॻ͘ͷ͖͋ΒΊΑ͏͔ͳ… ஫) DispatchGroup΍DispatchSemaphore Ͱ͋Δఔ౓callbackΛແ͘͢͜ͱ͸ग़དྷ·͢

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ͨͩɺΈ͞ͳΜࢥ͍ग़͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ

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ඇಉظͷϑϩʔ੍ޚΛcallbackҎ֎Ͱղܾͨ͋͠ͷݴޠΛ

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……….

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GoݴޠͩΑʔ

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Goݴޠͱ͸ Go͸ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͷͻͱͭɻGoogleʹΑͬͯ։ൃ ͞Ε͓ͯΓ[4]ɺઃܭʹϩϒɾύΠΫɺέϯɾτϯϓιϯΒ ͕ؔΘ͍ͬͯΔɻ ओͳಛ௃ͱͯ͠ɺܰྔεϨοσΟϯάͷͨΊͷػೳɺ PythonͷΑ͏ͳಈతܕ෇͚ݴޠͷΑ͏ͳϓϩάϥϛϯάͷ ༰қੑɺͳͲ͕͋ΔɻGoॲཧܥͱͯ͠͸ίϯύΠϥͷΈ͕ ։ൃ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ Wikipedia, Go (ϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ)ΑΓ

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Goݴޠͷฒߦ/ฒྻॲཧ GoݴޠͰ͸GoroutineΛ࢖ͬͯɺฒߦ/ฒྻॲཧΛ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻ ฒߦ(Concurrent) ฒྻ(parallel)

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Goroutine Goroutine͸ෳ਺Thread্ʹଟॏԽ͞ΕͨCoroutineͷΑ͏ͳಈ࡞Λ͢Δɻ Ұͭͷgoroutine͕௕͍࣌ؒϒϩοΫ͢Α͏ͳؔ਺Ͱ΋ɺผͷgoroutineʹhand off͠ ͯॲཧΛଓߦ͢ΔͨΊɺCPUΛ༨Βͤͣʹޮ཰తʹϓϩάϥϜΛ࣮ߦͰ͖Δ G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 sleep(1) G6 G4 G5 sleep(1) G6 G8 G4 G7 G9 thread1 thread2 thread3

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Channel Gorotuine͸ThreadؒΛ·͍ͨͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͨΊɺGoroutineಉ࢜ͰҰͭͷม਺΁ΞΫ ηε͢ΔͱRace Condition͕ൃੜͯ͠͠·͏ɻ ͦΕΛ๷͙ͨΊʹɺGoͰ͸Channelͱ͍͏ػೳ͕ఏڙ͞Ε͓ͯΓɺͦΕΛ࢖ͬͯ஋ Λૹड৴͢Δ G1 G2 G3 send send send main thread receive Channel

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ίʔυ ͜ͷϓϩάϥϜͷ݁Ռ͸ɺHello WorldͱWorld HelloͷͲͪΒ ͔ʹͳΓ·͢

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goroutineͰ͔֬ʹthreadΛ࢖ͬͨฒྻॲཧʢඇಉظॲཧʣ ͕ߦΘΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Γ·ͨ͠ɻ

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ඇಉظͰ͸͋Δͷʹɺίʔυ͸ͱͯ΋ಉظతͰ͢ΑͶɻ

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ͳͥͳΒɺChannelͷૹड৴͸ϒϩοΫ͞ΕΔ͔ΒͰ͢ɻ

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= ChannelΛ࢖ͬͨഉଞ੍ޚͰ͢Ͷ

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DispatchQueue͸ThreadϕʔεͰͨ͠ɻ

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ͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ʂ

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Goroutine+ChannelͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࢖͑͹ɺ SwiftͰ΋ඇಉظॲཧ͕ಉظతʹॻ͚ͦ͏Ͱ͢ɻ (Context switch͸OSଆͰ͕͢..)

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ͦ͜ͰɺProrsumʹGoroutineͱChannelͷΑ͏ͳػೳΛ࣮૷͠ ͯΈ·ͨ͠

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ChannelʹΑΓɺϓϩάϥϚ͸DispatchQueueؒͷ஋ͷڞ༗࣌ ʹɺഉଞ੍ޚ͔Β։์͞Ε·͢

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• ݱঢ়͸ͨͩͷDispatchQueue.asyncͷΤΠϦΞε • serial͔ɺconcurrent͔࣮ߦ࣌ʹબ୒Մೳ • GoͷΑ͏ʹϒϩοΩϯάॲཧΛۭ͖εϨουʹ context switch࣮ͤͯ͞ߦ͢ΔΑ͏ͳ࠷దԽ͸͞ Ε͍ͯͳ͍ • ThreadϕʔεͳͷͰɺGoroutineΑΓ΋΋ͪΖΜ Ϧιʔεͷރׇ͸ૣ͍ Prorsumͷgo()ʹؔͯ͠

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• ࣮͸MutexLockΛ࢖ͬͨ୯ͳΔδΣωϦοΫͳڞ༗ϝϞϦ • lock͕͔͔ΔͨΊɺ࢖͍ա͗ͨΒੑೳ͸ྼԽ͢Δ • Buffer͸LinkedListͰ࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ • Buffer capacityΛӽ͑ͯૹ৴͢Δͱthrow͢Δ • Goͱҧ͍ɺtry catchͰΤϥʔͷัଊ͕Մೳ • Processؒͷ௨৴͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍(ErlangͷActorͳͲͱ͸׬શ ʹผ෺) ProrsumͷChannelʹؔͯ͠

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Ͱ͸ɺProrsumͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛॻ͍ͯɺGCDͱChannel ͷ૊Έ߹Θ͕࣮ͤ༻తͳͷ͔ݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏

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ࠓճ͸ɺJSON-RPC ServerΛॻ͍ͯΈ·ͨ͠

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ಈ࡞σϞ

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ιʔείʔυͷղઆ

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ؾʹͳΔύϑΥʔϚϯε

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ࠓճ͸ɺGoɺKituraɺNode.jsͦͯ͠Prorsum ͰϕϯνϚʔΫରܾΛͯ͠Έ·ͨ͠ɻ

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Benchmarking Request/sec 0 17500 35000 52500 70000 Prorsum Kitura Go 1.7 HTTP Server Express 14,769 64,768 17,144 29,436 ɾwrk -d 30s -t 4 -c 20 ɾResponded with the 10 length of random JSON array ɾMachine: MacOS Sierra, 8 logical cores, 8GB RAM

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• Go଎͗͢ (´ʀωʀʆ)ŲƄƂŕ • KituraͱExpress͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͳͷͰɺ͜ͷϕϯν ϚʔΫࣗମ͸׬શʹFairͰ͸ͳ͍ • Prorsum͸2Ґͱ͍͏݁Ռ͕ͩɺϦΫΤετͷread/writeΛ ϊϯϒϩοΩϯάʹ͢Ε͹ɺGOʹ΋͏গ͠೑ബͦ͠͏ • Node.jsͱಉ౳Ҏ্ͳύϑΥʔϚϯε͸ɺ΄΅Swiftඪ४Ͱ ΋ग़Δ • ࠓճ࠶ߟͨ͠ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ɺҰԠ੒ޭʁ ײ૝

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࠷ޙʹ

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swift-server/work-groupʹͯҎԼͷϥΠϒϥϦΛ Swiftඪ४Ͱ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ࢓༷ࡦఆதͰ͢ɻ • RFC 7230-7235(HTTP/1.1) • RFC 6455 (WebSocket) • RFC 7540(HTTP/2.0) • TCP/IP(v6,v4), UDP including I/O • TLS/Encryption https://github.com/swift-server/work-group

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• ͓ͦΒ͘ݱߦͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ΋ެࣜαʔόʔAPI ʹ৐͔ͬͬͯ͘Δͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ • ؤுͬͯࣗ࡞ͯ͠΋ɺެ͕ࣜग़ͨλΠϛϯάͰ࣌ ؒͷແବʹͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ • ಛʹTLS΍HTTPपΓ͸RFC΋ଟྔͰɺ࣮૷΋ෳࡶ ͳͨΊ׬੒·Ͱʹ݁ߏͳ͕͔͔࣌ؒΓ·͢ɻ

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3rd partiy੡ͷϥΠϒϥΛԼखʹ૿΍͢ΑΓ΋ɺServer- Work-Groupͷٞ࿦ʹࢀՃͯ͠ɺ͍͍ඪ४ϥΠϒϥϦΛ ࡞͍ͬͯ͘΄͏͕ݐઃతͰ͢ɻ (ͦͯ͠ɺૣ͘ຊ൪αʔϏεͰ࢖͑ΔΑ͏ʹ…