MACHINE LEARNING FOR THE CURIOUS BUT SCARED ELLEN KÖNIG @ellen_koenig 

OVERWHELMED? BUZZWORD BINGO! 

WHAT IS LEARNING? BEING ABLE TO DEAL WITH NEW SITUATIONS BASED ON THE PAST 

EXAMPLES WHAT CAN YOU DO WITH MACHINE LEARNING? Self-driving cars Price prediction Gene sequence identification 

OF HUMANS AND MACHINES WHAT HAPPENS DURING LEARNING? DATA MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHM MODEL FUNCTION Input about the world Processing resources Learned representation „DOG“ Neural association Eyes + brain Outside world 

MACHINE FRIENDLY REPRESENTATIONS OF EXPERIENCE HOW DO WE PUT THE OUTSIDE WORLD INTO A MACHINE? Input about the world 1 person, 2 trees, 1 animal, lots of grass, 1 path Different grayscale pixels Extracted relevant information People Trees Animals Grass Paths 1 2 1 Yes 1 Numerical representation ( 12 1 1 1 ) Data vector representation Describe or capture Remove context Summarize with numbers 

MACHINE FRIENDLY REPRESENTATIONS OF LEARNINGS SO WHAT EXACTLY DO MACHINES LEARN? A function is a relation between a set of inputs and a set of permissible outputs with the property that each input is related to exactly one output. (Wikipedia) f ( ) = 1 MACHINES LEARN PREVIOUSLY UNKNOWN FUNCTIONS MAPPING FROM GIVEN INPUT TO GIVEN RESULTS MODEL FUNCTION f ( ) = 0 f (x) = ? 

WHAT DOES THAT LOOK LIKE IN PRACTICE? EXAMPLES Example Input data Learned Model Terrain data (slope, roughness, etc.) Function mapping terrain to speed Customer & market data and past prices Function mapping input to future prices Gene sequence identificatio Lots and lots of genome data Clusters of re-occuring gene sequence patterns 

COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM WHAT DOES A MACHINE NEED TO LEARN? INPUT DATA ML ALGORITHM MODEL FUNCTION RESULT Unsupervised Learning 

COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM WHAT DOES A MACHINE NEED TO LEARN? TRAINING DATA INPUT DATA ML ALGORITHM MODEL FUNCTION RESULT Supervised Learning 

COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE MACHINE LEARNING SYSTEM WHAT DOES A MACHINE NEED TO LEARN? TRAINING DATA INPUT DATA ML ALGORITHM MODEL FUNCTION RESULT FEEDBACK Reinforcement Learning 

SUMMARY CORE INTUITIONS FOR MACHINE LEARNING ▸ Machine learning works in a very similar way to human learning! ▸ Learning: Pattern recognition, dealing with unfamiliar situations based on experience ▸ Situations and experience can be abstracted into data to be accessible to machines ▸ Machines learn previously unknown functions from data ▸ A ML system consists of input data, ML algorithms, model functions, results and optionally feedback 

WHERE TO GET STARTED RECOMMENDED RESOURCES FOR BEGINNERS (IN ORDER OF RECOMMENDATION) ▸ Tutorial for the “Kaggle Titanic Competition” (using R): http://trevorstephens.com/post/72916401642/titanic-getting- started-with-r ▸ Online courses (MOOCs): ▸ Udacity: Intro to Machine Learning: https://www.udacity.com/course/intro-to-machine-learning--ud120 (Excellent intro to applied ML using sci-kit learn and Python) ▸ Coursera: Machine Learning: https://www.coursera.org/learn/machine-learning (Friendly intro to the theory behind common ML algorithm) ▸ Machine Learning Mastery: Lots of self-study guides for ML learners http://machinelearningmastery.com/ ▸ UCI ML Repository: Collection of “Toy problems” for ML http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets.html ▸ Toolkits: ▸ Scikit-Learn (Python, great online documentation): http://scikit-learn.org/stable/ ▸ stats package (many simple ML algorithms), pre-installed (R) Examples: http://www.statmethods.net/stats/ regression.html ▸ Book: Abu-Mostafa, Magdon-Ismail, Lin: Learning From Data - A Short Course (AMLbook.com ) (Good intro to more academic perspectives, notation and vocabulary on ML) 

LICENCE: CREATIVE COMMONS “ATTRIBUTION - SHARE ALIKE” 4.0 HTTPS:// CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY-SA/4.0/ IMAGE CREDITS ▸ Slide 3: All https://pixabay.com/ ▸ Slide 4: ▸ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Human_genome.png ▸ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hubbert_US_Lower_48_Gas_Prediction_-_1962.png ▸ https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waymo_self-driving_car_front_view.gk.jpg ▸ Slides 5 -7: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consciousness#/media/ File:Neural_Correlates_Of_Consciousness.jpg ▸ Slide 7: pixabay.com ▸ Slide 9-11: Based on https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/ File:Machine_Learning_Technique..JPG