Software Development Productivity

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What is software development productivity, anyway? Gail C. Murphy University of British Columbia Tasktop Technologies Incorporated @gail_murphy Slides with non-shareable images are marked Presented at MSR 2013 at ICSE 2013

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why care? “software is eating the world” Marc Andreesen Image may not be reused

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explore the idea of software development productivity

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gather your ideas you have index card + pencil on 3 separate lines write a word or phrase that captures software development productivity to you pass to a volunteer

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this talk is going to be a journey not going to produce an answer but hopefully will generate ideas

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productivity manufacturing software Image may not be reused

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productivity output input

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workers as cogs

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workers begin to be empowered Henry Ford 1863-1947

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unlimited potential in workers “Why is it that productivity increases as quality improves? Less rework. There is no better answer”

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further worker empowerment Toyota Production System: lean manufacturing

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productivity in manufacturing workers as cogs worker empowerment workers key to productivity improvement

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what about productivity in software development?

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prediction of year most problems could be “programmed” in < 1 hour with one day of training 1970s: output measured in handwritten code Boehm, “Software and Is Impact: A Quantitative Assessment”

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1980s: output measured in functionality

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essence over accidental Brooks, “No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accident in Software Engineering” Image may not be reused

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focus on quality and productivity will follow Capers Jones Image may not be reused

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productivity in software development ?? ?? output = lines of code? functionality? does productivity follow quality?

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software productivity today lean software development lean start-up Image may not be reused

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economy.com: -0.9% growth for software from 1998 to 2003 no consensus on what software productivity is consensus software is more complex

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lean software development • eliminate waste • amplify learning • decide as late as possible • deliver as late as possible • empower the team • build integrity in • see the whole M. and T. Poppendieck, Lean Software Development

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lean start-up • validated learning • build-measure-learn • minimum viable product • continuous deployment • split testing E. Ries, The Lean Startup

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reﬂecting on individual productivity Image may not be reused

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manufacturing software development/ start-ups individual empowerment amplify/validated learning how can we enable the individual to reﬂect upon: validated learning activities performed

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validated learning activities performed individual software development productivity ≈

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how many stories did I work on (last week, last month) that are in release? maybe extract from issue system? maybe trace code in release to commits adding that code up issue chain extract/summarize story for consumption validated learning

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mock-up released user stories: As a CONNECT adopter sending Direct messages, I want to receive failure messages ... completed, not released: As a CONNECT adopter sending Direct messages, I need the ability to provide a positive delivery notiﬁcation ... 29% 71% Released Completed

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over the last six months, how many user stories I worked on survived A/B testing? extract last six months of stories from issue repository correlate to A/B testing results validated learning

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mock-up e.g., tested user stories: As a CONNECT adopter, I ﬁnd it annoying that CONNECT urls are inconsistent e.g., A/B survivors: As a CONNECT adopter I want intallation instructions... 0 5 10 15 20 6 mo. ago 5 mo. ago 4 mo. ago 3 mo. ago 2 mo. ago 1 mo. ago Tested Survived

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validated learning activities performed individual software development productivity ≈

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activities performed over the period of validated learning... how many commits did I make? how many defects were ﬁled for my code? how many times was the story rewritten? what was my ratio of edits to selection events?

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mock-up 0 25 50 75 100 6 mo. ago 4 mo. ago 2 mo. ago Commits Defects 0 5 10 15 20 6 mo. ago 5 mo. ago 4 mo. ago 3 mo. ago 2 mo. ago 1 mo. ago Tested Survived

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what if it was simple... to gather integrated application lifecycle data to summarize and analyze trends in that data to reﬂect upon when I as an individual am learning... creating value...

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validated learning activities performed individual software development productivity ≈ just one comparative approach with ﬂaws

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what did you think software development productivity is, anyway?

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crowd-sourced at MSR 2013

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software is eating the world empower individuals to increase productivity reﬂect on lifecycle and activity data to improve individual productivity @gail_murphy Images may not be reused