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Helping Travellers Make Better Hotel Choices 500 Million Times a Month Miguel Cabrera @mfcabrera https://www.flickr.com/photos/18694857@N00/5614701858/

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ABOUT ME

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•  Neuberliner •  Ing. Sistemas e Inf. Universidad Nacional - Med •  M.Sc. In Informatics TUM, Hons. Technology Management. •  Work for TrustYou as Data (Scientist|Engineer| Juggler)™ •  Founder and former organizer of Munich DataGeeks ABOUT ME

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TODAY

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•  What we do •  Architecture •  Technology •  Crawling •  Textual Processing •  Workflow Management and Scale •  Sample Application AGENDA

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WHAT WE DO

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For every hotel on the planet, provide a summary of traveler reviews.

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•  Crawling •  Natural Language Processing / Semantic Analysis •  Record Linkage / Deduplication •  Ranking •  Recommendation •  Classification •  Clustering Tasks

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ARCHITECTURE

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Data Flow Crawling   Seman-c   Analysis    Database   API   Clients • Google • Kayak+ • TY Analytics

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Batch Layer • Hadoop • Python • Pig* • Java* Service Layer • PostgreSQL • MongoDB • Redis • Cassandra DATA DATA Hadoop Cluster Application Machines Stack

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SOME NUMBERS

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25 supported languages

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500,000+ Properties

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30,000,000+ daily crawled reviews

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Deduplicated against 250,000,000+ reviews

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300,000+ daily new reviews

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/22646823@N08/2694765397/ Lots of text

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TECHNOLOGY

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•  Numpy •  NLTK •  Scikit-Learn •  Pandas •  IPython / Jupyter •  Scrapy Python

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•  Hadoop Streaming •  MRJob •  Oozie •  Luigi •  … Python + Hadoop

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Crawling

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Crawling

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•  Build your own web crawlers •  Extract data via CSS selectors, XPath, regexes, etc. •  Handles queuing, request parallelism, cookies, throttling … •  Comprehensive and well-designed •  Commercial support by http://scrapinghub.com/

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•  2 - 3 million new reviews/week •  Customers want alerts 8 - 24h after review publication! •  Smart crawl frequency & depth, but still high overhead •  Pools of constantly refreshed EC2 proxy IPs •  Direct API connections with many sites Crawling at TrustYou

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•  Custom framework very similar to scrapy •  Runs on Hadoop cluster (100 nodes) •  Not 100% suitable for MapReduce •  Nodes mostly waiting •  Coordination/messaging between nodes required: –  Distributed queue –  Rate Limiting Crawling at TrustYou

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Text Processing

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Text Processing Raw  text   Setence   spli:ng   Tokenizing   Stopwords   Stemming Topic Models Word Vectors Classification

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Text Processing

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•  “great rooms” •  “great hotel” •  “rooms are terrible” •  “hotel is terrible” Text Processing JJ NN JJ NN NN VB JJ NN VB JJ >> nltk.pos_tag(nltk.word_tokenize("hotel is terrible")) [('hotel', 'NN'), ('is', 'VBZ'), ('terrible', 'JJ')]

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•  25+ languages •  Linguistic system (morphology, taggers, grammars, parsers …) •  Hadoop: Scale out CPU •  ~1B opinions in the database •  Python for ML & NLP libraries Semantic Analysis

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Word2Vec/Doc2Vec

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Group of algorithms

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An instance of shallow learning

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Feature learning model

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Generates real-valued vectors represenation of words

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“king” – “man” + “woman” = “queen”

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Word2Vec Source:  h*p://technology.s4tchfix.com/blog/2015/03/11/word-­‐is-­‐worth-­‐a-­‐thousand-­‐vectors/  

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Similar words/documents are nearby vectors

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Wor2vec offer a similarity metric of words

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Can be extended to paragraphs and documents

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A fast Python based implementation available via Gensim

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Workflow Management and Scale

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Crawl   Extract   Clean   Stats   ML   ML   NLP  

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Luigi “ A python framework for data flow definition and execution ”

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Luigi •  Build complex pipelines of batch jobs •  Dependency resolution •  Parallelism •  Resume failed jobs •  Some support for Hadoop

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Luigi

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Luigi •  Dependency definition •  Hadoop / HDFS Integration •  Object oriented abstraction •  Parallelism •  Resume failed jobs •  Visualization of pipelines •  Command line integration

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Minimal Bolerplate Code class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%s\t%d\n" % (word, count)) f.close()

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class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%s\t%d\n" % (word, count)) f.close() Task Parameters

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class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%s\t%d\n" % (word, count)) f.close() Programmatically Defined Dependencies

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class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%s\t%d\n" % (word, count)) f.close() Each Task produces an ouput

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class WordCount(luigi.Task): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(’/tmp/%s' % self.date_interval) def run(self): count = {} for f in self.input(): for line in f.open('r'): for word in line.strip().split(): count[word] = count.get(word, 0) + 1 f = self.output().open('w') for word, count in six.iteritems(count): f.write("%s\t%d\n" % (word, count)) f.close() Write Logic in Python

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Hadoop

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/12914838@N00/15015146343/ Hadoop = Java?

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Hadoop Streaming cat input.txt | ./map.py | sort | ./reduce.py > output.txt

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Hadoop Streaming hadoop jar contrib/streaming/hadoop-*streaming*.jar \ -file /home/hduser/mapper.py -mapper /home/hduser/mapper.py \ -file /home/hduser/reducer.py -reducer /home/hduser/reducer.py \ -input /user/hduser/text.txt -output /user/hduser/gutenberg-output

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class WordCount(luigi.hadoop.JobTask): date = luigi.DateParameter() def requires(self): return InputText(date) def output(self): return luigi.hdfs.HdfsTarget(’%s' % self.date_interval) def mapper(self, line): for word in line.strip().split(): yield word, 1 def reducer(self, key, values): yield key, sum(values) Luigi + Hadoop/HDFS

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Go and learn:

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Data Flow Visualization

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Data Flow Visualization

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Before •  Bash scripts + Cron •  Manual cleanup •  Manual failure recovery •  Hard(er) to debug

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Now •  Complex nested Luigi jobs graphs •  Automatic retries •  Still Hard to debug

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We use it for… •  Standalone executables •  Dump data from databases •  General Hadoop Streaming •  Bash Scripts / MRJob •  Pig* Scripts

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You can wrap anything

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Sample Application

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Reviews are boring…

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Source:  hGp://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/hotels/11240430/TripAdvisor-­‐the-­‐funniest-­‐ reviews-­‐biggest-­‐controversies-­‐and-­‐best-­‐spoofs.html  

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Reviews highlight the individuality and personality of users

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Snippets from Reviews “Hips don’t lie” “Maid was banging” “Beautiful bowl flowers” “Irish dance, I love that” “No ghost sighting” “One ghost touching” “Too much cardio, not enough squats in the gym” “it is like hugging a bony super model”

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Hotel Reviews + Gensim + Python + Luigi = ?

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ExtractSentences LearnBigrams LearnModel ExtractClusterIds UploadEmbeddings Pig

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from gensim.models.doc2vec import Doc2Vec class LearnModelTask(luigi.Task): # Parameters.... blah blah blah def output(self): return luigi.LocalTarget(os.path.join(self.output_directory, self.model_out)) def requires(self): return LearnBigramsTask() def run(self): sentences = LabeledClusterIDSentence(self.input().path) model = Doc2Vec(sentences=sentences, size=int(self.size), dm=int(self.distmem), negative=int(self.negative), workers=int(self.workers), window=int(self.window), min_count=int(self.min_count), train_words=True) model.save(self.output().path)

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Wor2vec/Doc2vec offer a similarity metric of words

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Similarities are useful for non- personalized recommender systems

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Non-personalized recommenders recommend items based on what other consumers have said about the items.

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http://demo.trustyou.com

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Takeaways

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Takeaways •  It is possible to use Python as the primary language for doing large data processing on Hadoop. •  It is not a perfect setup but works well most of the time. •  Keep your ecosystem open to other technologies.

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We are hiring miguel.cabrera@trustyou.net

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We are hiring miguel.cabrera@trustyou.net

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Questions?