Mergeable Libraryで高速なアプリ起動を実現しよう！

by giginet

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Mergeable LibraryͰ ߴ଎ͳΞϓϦىಈΛ࣮ݱ͠Α͏ʂ 2024/08/23 @giginet iOSDC 2024

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͜Μʹͪ͸ • @giginet (X/GitHub) • LINEϠϑʔגࣜձࣾ σϕϩούʔΤΫεϖϦΤϯενʔϜ • LINEΞϓϦͷ։ൃऀମݧΛ޲্ͤ͞Δ࢓ࣄΛͯ͠·͢ • ٕज़ސ໰ɿϚωʔϑΥϫʔυɺϢϏϨδ

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ΞϓϦͷىಈΛ଎ͭͭ͘͠ ։ൃମݧ΋࠷ߴʹ͍ͨ͠ʂ

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࿩͢͜ͱ • ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷϦϯΫͷ࢓૊Έͷ͓͞Β͍ • ैདྷͷख๏ͱτϨʔυΦϑ • Mergeable Libraryͷ঺հ • ࢓૊Έͱઃఆํ๏ • ઃఆ஋ʹΑΔڍಈΛݟͯΈΔ • Mergeable XCFrameworkͷ഑෍

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NyanPayCore NyanPayUI NyanPayKit GiginyanPay

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Dynamic Framework • ϏϧυࡁΈͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛΞϓϦ಺ʹ࣋ͪɺىಈ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͢Δ NyanPayCore NyanPayUI NyanPayKit GiginyanPay Dynamic Framework

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Dynamic Framework • ϏϧυࡁΈͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛΞϓϦ಺ʹ࣋ͪɺىಈ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͢Δ NyanPayCore NyanPayUI NyanPayKit Dynamic Link ࣮ߦ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͢Δ GiginyanPay

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Dynamic Frameworkͷಛ௃ Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ Ϗϧυ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͕ෆཁͳͨΊ୹Ί Ωϟογϡ ϏϧυࡁΈͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࠶ར༻ՄೳͳͨΊΩϟογϡ͠΍͍͢ Xcode Preview ར༻Մೳ ىಈ଎౓΁ͷӨڹ ϥϯλΠϜͰϦϯΫ͢ΔͨΊىಈ࣌ؒʹӨڹ͕͋Δ ΞϓϦͷαΠζ embed͕ඞཁɺ࠷దԽ͕೉͍ͨ͠Ίେ͖͘ͳΓ͕ͪ

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Static Framework • Ϗϧυ࣌ʹඞཁͳ࣮૷Λ୳ࡧͯ͠ղܾɺϦϯΫ͢Δ NyanPayKit GiginyanPay Static Framework NyanPayCore NyanPayUI

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Static Framework • Ϗϧυ࣌ʹඞཁͳ࣮૷Λ୳ࡧͯ͠ղܾɺϦϯΫ͢Δ Static Link Ϗϧυ࣌ʹϦϯΫࡁΈ GiginyanPay

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Static Frameworkͷಛ௃ Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ Ϗϧυ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͕ඞཁͳͨΊ௕͘ͳΓ͕ͪ Ωϟογϡ ϦϯΫ͠௚͢ඞཁ͕͋Γޮ͖ͮΒ͍ Xcode Preview ར༻ෆՄ ʢͨͩ͠Xcode 16͔Β͸αϙʔτʣ ىಈ଎౓΁ͷӨڹ Өڹ͕ͳ͍ ΞϓϦͷαΠζ embed͕ෆཁɺෆཁͳ࣮૷ͷ࠷దԽ͕ޮ͖΍͘͢খ͘͞͠΍͍͢

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ࢀߟࢿྉ • Swiftʹ͓͚ΔΠϯϙʔτͱϦϯΫͷ࢓૊ΈΛ୳Δ - Speaker Deck • https://speakerdeck.com/kishikawakatsumi/ swiftniokeruinpototorinkufalseshi-zu-miwotan-ru • Link fast: Improve build and launch times - WWDC22 • https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2022/110362

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Dynamic Framework Static Framework Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ ୹Ί Ϗϧυ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͕ෆཁ Ωϟογϡ͠΍͍͢ ௕Ί Ϗϧυ࣌ʹϦϯΫ͕ඞཁ Ωϟογϡͮ͠Β͍ Ωϟογϡ ͠΍͍͢ ͮ͠Β͍ Xcode Preview Մೳ ෆՄ ʢXcode 16Ҏ߱͸Մೳʣ ىಈ଎౓ Өڹ͕͋Δ ʢىಈ࣌ͷϦϯΫ͕ൃੜʣ Өڹ͕ͳ͍ ΞϓϦͷαΠζ େ͖͘ͳΓ͕ͪ embed͕ඞཁ ࠷దԽͮ͠Β͍ খ͞Ί embed͕ෆཁ ࠷దԽ͠΍͍͢ ϦϦʔε࣌ʹ༗ར ։ൃ࣌ʹѻ͍΍͍͢

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ैདྷͷख๏ɿϏϧυઃఆΛཱ྆ͤ͞Δ • ैདྷख๏ɿBuild Con fi gurationʹΑͬͯMach-O Type(ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷܗࣜ) Λ੾Γସ͑Δ

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ैདྷख๏ͷ໰୊఺ • Debug, ReleaseؒͰϏϧυઃఆ͕ҟͳΔͨΊෳࡶʹͳΔ • ͳʹ͔Ϗϧυ࣌ͷ໰୊͕ى͖ͨͱ͖ͷௐ͕ࠪ೉͍͠ʢγϯϘϧॏෳͳͲʣ • ຒΊࠐΈʢembedʣͷ੍ޚ͕೉͍͠ • Static Framework͸embedͯ͠͸ͳΒͳ͍ • Ϧιʔεόϯυϧͷѻ͍ʹؾΛ͚ͭΔඞཁ͕͋Δ • `Bundle(for: )` ͷϥϯλΠϜͷڍಈ͕มΘͬͯ͠·͏

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Resource Bundle Framework Bundle MyApp.app/Frameworks/ MyUI.framework Dynamic Framework Static Framework Main Bundle MyApp.app/Frameworks/ MyUI.framework Static Framework಺ͷ Bundle͸ࢀরͰ͖ͳ͍ let bundle = Bundle(for: MyClass.self)

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։ൃऀମݧ Ϣʔβʔମݧ

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Mergeable Library

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Mergeable Library • ϝλσʔλΛ࣋ͬͨ৽͍͠Dynamic Library • Build Con fi gurationʹԠͯ͡ϦϯΫํࣜΛ੾Γସ͑ΒΕΔ • DebugϏϧυ࣌͸Dynamic Frameworkͱͯ͠ৼΔ෣͏ • ReleaseϏϧυ࣌͸Static Frameworkͱͯ͠ৼΔ෣͏ ਤͷҾ༻ɿhttps://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/con fi guring-your-project-to-use-mergeable-libraries

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Linking > Mergeable Libraries > Create Merged Binary

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NyanPayCore NyanPayUI NyanPayKit App Create Merged Binary Automatic

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NyanPayCore NyanPayUI NyanPayKit Merged App Create Merged Binary Automatic

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DebugϏϧυ࣌ - ΞϓϦόϯυϧ • Ϛʔδ͞ΕͨDynamic Framework͕ReexportedBinariesͱͯ͠࠶ΤΫεϙʔ τ͞ΕɺDynamic Link͞ΕΔ Dynamic Framework͕ Mergeable Framework͔Β ࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ͞Ε embed͞ΕΔ

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ReleaseϏϧυ࣌ - ΞϓϦόϯυϧ • શͯͷFramework͕Ϛʔδ͞ΕɺStatic Frameworkͱͯ͠ৼΔ෣͏ ґଘؔ܎͸ΞϓϦຊମͷόΠφϦʹ౷߹͞ΕΔ Merged Static Binary 91KB -> 322KB

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Ϛʔδ͞ΕͨόΠφϦΛݟͯΈΑ͏ $ nm -gU GiginyanPay.app/GiginyanPay 0000000100014070 S _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV7SwiftUI0E0AAMc 0000000100008f78 T _$s11NyanPayCore6WalletC6amountACSi_tcfC 0000000100014268 S _$s9NyanPayUI10QRCodeViewV05SwiftC00E0AAMc 00000001000141f0 S _$s9NyanPayUI9ImageViewV05SwiftC00E0AAMc 0000000100014150 S _NyanPayCoreVersionNumber 0000000100014120 S _NyanPayCoreVersionString 0000000100014068 S _NyanPayKitVersionNumber 0000000100014038 S _NyanPayKitVersionString 00000001000141e8 S _NyanPayUIVersionNumber 00000001000141b8 S _NyanPayUIVersionString 0000000100000000 T __mh_execute_header 00000001000054ac T _main • ΞϓϦόΠφϦʹଞͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷγϯϘϧʢ࣮૷ʣ͕ຒΊࠐ·Ε͍ͯ Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔ΔʢStatic Link)

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Instruments

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14.771s x104 0.1415s Mergeable Framework + Release Build Dynamic Framework

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Resource Lookup • Dynamic / Staticͷ৔߹͍ͣΕ΋`Bundle(for:)`ʹΑΔϦιʔεόϯυϧͷऔಘ ΛϥϯλΠϜͰಡΈସ͑ͯ͘ΕΔ Framework Bundle MyApp.app/Frameworks/ MyUI.framework Dynamic Framework Static Framework Framework Bundle MyApp.app/Frameworks/ MyUI.framework

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embed͞ΕͨStatic Framework $ nm -gU GiginyanPay.app/Frameworks/NyanPayUI.framework/NyanPayUI GiginyanPay.app/Frameworks/NyanPayUI.framework/NyanPayUI: no symbols • embed͞ΕͨStatic FrameworkͷόΠφϦʹ͸γϯϘϧؚ͕·Εͳ͍ • ϦιʔεόϯυϧͷΈembedͰ͖Δ ϦιʔεͷΈͷ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ

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͢ͳΘͪ • ։ൃ࣌͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕Dynamic Frameworkͱͯ͠ग़ྗ͞ΕɺDynamic Link͞ΕΔͷͰ։ൃऀମݧ͕޲্ • ϦϦʔε࣌͸Ϛʔδ͞ΕͨϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͕Static Link͞ΕΔͷͰɺىಈ࣌ؒ ΍ΞϓϦͷ༰ྔ͕࡟ݮ͞ΕΔ • Ϧιʔεؚ͕·ΕΔ৔߹͸ࣗಈతʹಡΈସ͑ΒΕΔ • ͳΜ͔શ෦ྑ͍ײ͡ʹͳΔ

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ϕϯνϚʔΫ Dynamic Framework Mergeable (Debug/Re-export) Mergeable (Release) Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ ΫϦʔϯϏϧυ 185s 151.6s 84.3s Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ ࠩ෼Ϗϧυ 7s 79.3s 10.16s ΞϓϦαΠζ 81.9MB 82MB 6.8MB

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DebugϏϧυ͕શવૣ͘ͳͬͯͳ͍ • ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ͕ࢧ഑తʹ஗͍ ίϐʔ 90s~ Ϗϧυ ~5s

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࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ • Mergeable Framework͔Βɺ௨ৗͷDynamic FrameworkΛநग़͠ɺ ReexportedBinariesͱͯ͠࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ͢Δ • େ఍͸͜ΕͰྑ͍͕ɺίϐʔίετ͕ແࢹͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ DebugϏϧυ ௨ৗ ґଘͷ਺͕ଟ͍৔߹͸ ࠶ΤΫεϙʔτʹ ͕͔͔࣌ؒΓϏϧυ଎౓͕ վળ͠ͳ͍

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%ZOBNJD-JCSBSZ΁ͷϚʔδ • MAKE_MERGEABLE=YESΛࢦఆ͢Δͱɺ*.debug.dylibʹDynamic FrameworkͷόΠφϦ͕Ϛʔδ͞ΕΔ • ୅ΘΓʹReexportedBinaries͸ग़ྗ͞Εͳ͘ͳΓɺίϐʔίετ͕ͳ͘ͳΔ DebugϏϧυ MAKE_MERGEABLE =YES ґଘͷ࣮૷͸dylibʹ౷߹͞ΕΔ Merged Dynamic Binary 239KB -> 417KB $ nm -gU GiginyanPay.debug.dylib 0000000000008c88 T _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV4bodyQrvg 000000000001d3b0 S _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV4bodyQrvpMV 000000000001da4c S _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV4bodyQrvpQOMQ 0000000000008938 T _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV6wallet0aB4Core6WalletCvM 00000000000085fc T _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV6wallet0aB4Core6WalletCvg 0000000000020910 S _$s10NyanPayKit7TopViewV6wallet0aB4Core6WalletCvpMV 0000000000008870 T

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ϕϯνϚʔΫ Dynamic Framework Mergeable (Debug/Merge) Mergeable (Release) Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ ΫϦʔϯϏϧυ 185s 149.3s 84.3s Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ ࠩ෼Ϗϧυ 7s 7.6s 10.16s ΞϓϦαΠζ 81.9MB 8.4MB 6.8MB

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ߟ࡯ɿཧ૝஋͕ग़͍ͯͳ͍݅ • ΫϦʔϯϏϧυ࣌ͷDynamic Frameworkߏஙʹ͔͔ΔॳظίετΛࠩ෼Ϗϧυ ͰϖΠͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍ • Ծઆ1: μϛʔϓϩδΣΫτͷͨΊ࣮૷͕΄΅ͳ͍ • Static LinkͰ͋ͬͨͱͯ͠΋ϦϯΫ͕͔࣌ؒͳΓ୹͍ • Ծઆ2: ࠶Ϗϧυ࣌ͷมߋ͕ͳ͍ • Static FrameworkͰ͋ͬͯ΋Ωϟογϡ͕شൃͮ͠Β͘ɺDynamic FrameworkͷΩϟογϡͷར఺Λੜ͔͍ͤͯͳ͍

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Ϛʔδ͢Δଆͷઃఆ • Ϛʔδ͢ΔଆʢΞϓϦଆʣ • Create Merged Library: Automatic/Manual • Automatic: ࢠґଘΛϚʔδՄೳʹ | Manual: ࢦఆͨ͠΋ͷͷΈ • Ϛʔδ͢Δ΋ͷΛFrameworks, Libraries, and Embedded Contentʹ௥Ճ • ໌ࣔతͳґଘ(௚઀ґଘ)ͷΈ͕Ϛʔδ͞ΕΔ • Ϧιʔε͕͋Δ΋ͷͷΈEmbed & Sign Create Merged Binary Frameworks, Libraries, and Embedded Content 1 2 1 2

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Ϛʔδ͞ΕΔଆͷઃఆ • Ϛʔδ͞ΕΔଆʢϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆʣ • Build Mergeable Library • ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛϚʔδՄೳʹ͢Δ͔ • ManualͳΒBuild Mergeable LibraryΛYES • MAKE_MERGEABLE • ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛϚʔδ͢Δ৔߹͸YES • ࢦఆ͠ͳ͍ͱσόοά࣌͸࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ͢Δ Build Mergeable Library MAKE_MERGEABLE 2 2 1 1

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XCFrameworkͷMergeableԽ • ϏϧυࡁΈόΠφϦ(XCFramework)΋Mergeable Libraryͱͯ͠഑෍Ͱ͖Δ • ഑෍αΠζ͸େ͖͘ͳΔ͕ɺϥΠϒϥϦͷར༻ऀ͕Dynamic/Static྆ํΛ࢖ ͍Θ͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ • Framework͕Mergeable Library͔Ͳ͏͔͸ɺmetadataͷ༗ແͰ൑ผͰ͖Δ • LC_ATOM_INFOΛϩʔυ͢Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ $ otool -l MyFramework.xcframework/ios-arm64/MyFramework.framework/MyFramework Load command 49 cmd LC_ATOM_INFO cmdsize 16 dataoff 133328 datasize 63984

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Swift PackageͷMergeable XCFrameworkԽ • giginet/Scipio͸͢ͰʹMergeable LibraryαϙʔτࡁΈ • ଟ͘ͷSwift Package͸͜Ε͚ͩͰMergeable XCFrameworkԽͰ͖Δ • https://giginet.github.io/Scipio/documentation/scipio/mergeable-library Swift PackageΛ࢖ͬͨ ڊେͳґଘάϥϑͷΩϟογϡઓུ iOSDC2023 $ scipio create path/to/MyPackage --framework-type mergeable --enable-library- evolution

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·ͱΊ • Mergeable Libraryͷ࢓૊Έͱಋೖํ๏ • ࠓ͙͢Create Merged Binary > Automatic • MAKE_MERGEABLE=YESΛ๨Εͣʹ • Prebuilt Framework͸ࠓ͙͢Mergeable FrameworkͰ഑෍ʂ • Ϧιʔεؚ͕·ΕΔ৔߹ͷରॲํ๏

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͝ਗ਼ௌ ͋Γ͕ͱ͏ ͍͟͝·ͨ͠

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ࢀߟࢿྉ - Mergeable Library - • Meet mergeable libraries - WWDC23 - Videos - Apple Developer • https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2023/10268/ • Con fi guring your project to use mergeable libraries | Apple Developer Documentation • https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/con fi guring-your- project-to-use-mergeable-libraries • https://github.com/kateinoigakukun/MergeableLibraryInternals • Understanding mergeable libraries • https://www.polpiella.dev/understanding-mergeable-libraries

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ࢀߟࢿྉ - Metrics- • Reducing your app’s launch time | Apple Developer Documentation • https://developer.apple.com/documentation/xcode/reducing-your-app-s- launch-time • Ultimate application performance survival guide - WWDC21 - Videos - Apple Developer • https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2021/10181/ • What’s new in Xcode 16 - WWDC24 - Videos - Apple Developer • https://developer.apple.com/videos/play/wwdc2024/10135/

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Mergeable Libraryઃఆ஋ xccon fi g Xcode GUI આ໌ MERGED_BINARY_TYPE NO/automatic/manual Create Merged Binary ϦϯΫઌͷλʔήοτΛϚʔδ͢Δ͔ AutomaticͩͱࣗಈతʹϚʔδՄೳʹ͢Δ Manualͩͱ໌ࣔతʹࢦఆͯ͠Δ΋ͷͷΈ MERGEABLE_LIBRARY YES/NO Build Mergeable Library ϥΠϒϥϦΛϚʔδՄೳʹ͢Δ͔ɻManual ͷࡍ͸໌ࣔతʹࢦఆ͕ඞཁ MAKE_MERGEABLE YES/NO ઃఆෆՄ σόοάϏϧυ࣌ʹϥΠϒϥϦΛϦϯΫ࣌ʹ Ϛʔδ͢Δ͔ɺ࠶ΤΫεϙʔτ͢Δ͔

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ىಈ࣌ؒܭଌͷ4ͭͷํ๏ Instruments Performance Tests MetricKit Xcode Organizer ར༻͢Δ΋ͷ App Launch Template XCTApplicationLaunch Metric MXAppRunTimeMetric Xcode Organizer ར༻ͷ؆୯͞ ˕ ○ ˚ ˕ ࣮ߦ λΠϛϯά ։ൃதͷ೚ҙ UI Tests࣮ߦ࣌(CIͳͲ) ΞϓϦ࣮ߦ࣌ɺϦϦʔεޙ ϦϦʔεޙ ࣮૷ ෆཁ UIςετέʔεΛ࣮૷ ϝτϦΫεऔಘ࣌ͷίʔϧ όοΫΛ࣮૷ ෆཁ ༻్ ։ൃ࣌ͷσόοά σάϨʔγϣϯͷݕ஌ ΤϯυϢʔβʔͷϩάΛ ࡉ͔͘औΔ ʢϩάج൫΁ͷૹ৴ͳͲʣ ΤϯυϢʔβʔͷ ܏޲Λόʔδϣϯຖʹ ஌Δ