Gitʹ͍ͭͯ 2016-08-12 ΫοΫύουαϚʔΠϯλʔϯ 2016 ٕज़෦ ։ൃج൫ @moro ॾڮګհ

‣ Git is a free and open source distributed version control system designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. ‣ https://git-scm.com/ (JU

https://services.github.com/resources/

Git is a free and open source distributed 
 version control system

‣ ෳ਺ϑΝΠϧΛมߋ͠ͳ͕Β࡞Διϑτ΢ΣΞʹ͓͍ͯɺ ͋Δ࣌఺ͷʮߏ੒ʯΛϦϏδϣϯͱͯ͠อ࣋Ͱ͖Δɻ ‣ ೚ҙͷϦϏδϣϯͷ಺༰Λ෮ݩͰ͖Δɻ ‣ ϦϏδϣϯͷཤྺΛอ࣋Ͱ͖Δɻ ‣ ͭલͷϦϏδϣϯʹ໭Δɺͱ͔΋Ͱ͖Δɻ version control system: what?

‣ Git is a content-addressable filesystem. Great. ‣ see https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/ | Section 10.2 ‣ …Ͳ͏͍͏͜ͱͳͷ? (JUͷϦϏδϣϯ؅ཧ

‣ ϑΝΠϧ΍σΟϨΫτϦͷத਎ΛɺϦϙδτϦͷϧʔτ͔ ΒḷΔ໦ߏ଄Ͱอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δɻ ‣ ϑΝΠϧγεςϜ্ͷσΟϨΫτϦɺϑΝΠϧͱಉ͡ ‣ σΟϨΫτϦʹ౰ͨΔͷ͕USFF ‣ ϑΝΠϧʹ౰ͨΔͷ͕CMPC (JUͷϦϏδϣϯ؅ཧ

Figure 10-1@ https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-Git-Objects

‣ ͋Δ࣌఺ͷϦϏδϣϯϝλσʔλ͕DPNNJU ‣ ͍ͭɺ୭͕ɺͲΜͳϝοηʔδͰίϛοτ͔ͨ͠ ‣ ϦϏδϣϯͷϧʔτUSFF͸ͲΕ͔ ‣ ਌DPNNJU͸ͲΕ͔ ‣ DPNNJUͷੵΈॏͶιϑτ΢ΣΞͷཤྺ DPNNJU

‣ (JUͷϦϏδϣϯ؅ཧ͸DPNNJU USFF CMPCͷछྨͷ HJUPCKFDUͰ࣮ݱ͞Ε͍ͯΔɻ ‣ ͦΕͧΕͷHJUPCKFDU͸TIBͰͷJEͰࢀরͰ͖Δ DPNNJU USFF CMPC

$ git clone git@ghe.example.com:moro/fizz-buzz-git.git $ git log --oneline c827de7 Add note 99c0455 Init FizzBuzz $ git cat-file -p 99c0455 tree 4ddd72269bffbe854007323f6b753e47dd3498ae author moro 1466746090 +0900 committer moro 1466746090 +0900 Init FizzBuzz $ git cat-file -p 4ddd72269bffbe854007323f6b753e47dd3498ae 100644 blob fb738ec4422280fa0938c1cf2363f244168ffa5d fizz_buzz.rb $ git cat-file -p fb738ec4422280fa0938c1cf2363f244168ffa5d 1.upto(100).each do |n| if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' ... DPNNJUUSFFϝλσʔλ

99c0455 4ddd7226 fb738ec44 2016-06-24 14:28:10 Init FizzBuzz fizz_buzz.rb 1.upto(100).each do if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' commit tree blob

$ git log --oneline c827de7 Add note 99c0455 Init FizzBuzz $ git cat-file -p c827de7 tree 0b6d5f879bab3bdb4856c67a908d430f0bb3f18d parent 99c045537a1deb673a70c72bebbd9a91490068b0 author moro 1466746241 +0900 committer moro 1466746241 +0900 Add note $ git cat-file -p 0b6d5f879bab3bdb4856c67a908d430f0bb3f18d 100644 blob 63d8ebbbad7040256bd8f4d12a51df27e75888ce README.md 100644 blob fb738ec4422280fa0938c1cf2363f244168ffa5d fizz_buzz.rb DPNNJUUSFFϝλσʔλ

99c0455 c827de7 4ddd7226 0b6d5f87 fb738ec44 fb738ec44 63d8ebbba 2016-06-24 14:30:41 Add note 2016-06-24 14:28:10 Init FizzBuzz README.md fizz_buzz.rb fizz_buzz.rb 1.upto(100).each do if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' 1.upto(100).each do if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' FizzBuzz example to commit tree blob parent

99c0455 c827de7 4ddd7226 0b6d5f87 fb738ec44 63d8ebbba 2016-06-24 14:30:41 Add note 2016-06-24 14:28:10 Init FizzBuzz README.md fizz_buzz.rb fizz_buzz.rb 1.upto(100).each do if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' FizzBuzz example to commit tree blob parent

‣ Git is a content-addressable filesystem. Great. ‣ see https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/ | Section 10.2 ‣ ͳΔ΄Ͳ (JU*OUFSOBMT

99c0455 c827de7 4ddd7226 0b6d5f87 fb738ec44 63d8ebbba 2016-06-24 14:30:41 Add note 2016-06-24 14:28:10 Init FizzBuzz README.md fizz_buzz.rb fizz_buzz.rb 1.upto(100).each do if (n % 15).zero? puts 'FizuBazu' FizzBuzz example to commit tree blob parent

‣ commit ΛੵΈॏͶΔࢬΛෳ਺؅ཧͰ͖Δ CSBODI

A2 A1 A3 A4 B2 B1 B3 X

‣ ෳ਺ͷcommitΛ਌ʹ࣋ͭcommitΛ࡞੒͢Δ ‣ tree / blobͷத਎͸ɺ *ݡ͘* ߹ྲྀ͢Δ ‣ ࣗಈతʹ߹ྲྀ͖ͤ͞Εͳ͍ͱίϯϑϦΫτ NFSHF

A2 A1 A3 A4 B2 B1 B3 X X(m)

‣ commitࠩ෼Λผͷى఺(base)্ʹ࠶(re)ద༻͢Δ ‣ ผϒϥϯνͰͭͬͨ͘ػೳΛͱΓࠐΜͩΓ ‣ commitࠩ෼Λฤूͨ͠Γ࡟আͨ͠Γ·ͱΊͨΓ SFCBTF

ϒϥϯνBͰͷ࡞ۀதɺA4Λbaseʹͨ͘͠ͳͬͨ A2 A1 A3 A4 B2 B1 B3 X A/HEAD B/HEAD $ git checkout B working copy

ϒϥϯνBͰͷ࡞ۀதɺA4Λbaseʹͨ͘͠ͳͬͨ A2 A1 A3 A4 B2 B1 B3 X A/HEAD B/HEAD $ git rebase A working copy

A2 A1 A3 A4 B2 B1 B3 X A/HEAD B2' B1' B3' B/HEAD working copy ແ໊ϒϥϯν A4ͷ্ʹB1, B2, B3ͱಉ౳ͷมߋΛద༻͠ɺ ͦΕ͕ϒϥϯνBʹͳΔ $ git rebase A

A2 A1 A3 A4 X A/HEAD B2' B1' B3' B/HEAD A3,4 B1'' B3'' ແ໊ϒϥϯν ͜ͷ৔߹΋ɺ౷߹࡟আͨ͠ίϛοτΛ ى఺Xͷ্ʹੵΈॏͶͨ৽ͨͳίϛοτ͕Ͱ͖ɺ ϒϥϯνBͷHEAD͕ߋ৽͞ΕΔɻ B2 B1 B3 ͖ͬ͞ͷ ແ໊ϒϥϯν $ git rebase -i X

‣ SFCBTF͢Ε͹͍͍ͱ͍͏΋ͷͰ͸ͳ͍ ‣ DPNNJU͕ผ෺ʹͳΔɺࠩ෼ద༻ͰϋϚΔɺͳͲ ‣ Ұ౓ʹͭͣͭ SFCBTFJ͍ͯ͠Δ࠷தʹ৽ػೳΛೖΕͳ͍ ‣ ͖͞΄Ͳͷʮແ໊ϒϥϯνʯ΋ɺDPNNJU͕Θ͔Ε͹ϦϏδϣ ϯΛ෮ݩͰ͖ΔͷͰ҆৺ɻ ‣ HJUSFqPHͰݟΒΕΔ࡞ۀίϐʔͷཤྺ͔Β୳ͤΔɻ rebase: protip

Git is a free and open source distributed version control system

‣ ଞͷ։ൃऀ͕ͭͬͨ͘ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷϦϏδϣϯͷཤྺΛɺ ωοτϫʔΫӽ͠ʹऔಘͰ͖Δɻ ‣ DMPOFҾ਺Ͱࢦఆͨ͠ϦϙδτϦΛऔಘ͢Δ ‣ औಘݩΛද͢ϦϞʔτPSJHJO͕௥Ճ͞ΕΔ DMPOF࠷ॳͷऔಘ

‣ ։ൃ͍ͯͬͨ͠ιϑτ΢ΣΞͷϦϏδϣϯͷཤྺΛɺ
 ωοτϫʔΫӽ͠ʹଞͷ։ൃऀͱڞ༗Ͱ͖Δ ‣ QVTIखݩͷDPNNJU ਌DPNNJUΛؚΉ ΛϦϞʔτͷ
 ϦϙδτϦʹૹΔ ‣ ओϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͸PSJHJOͱ͍͏໊લ͕Ұൠత QVTIࣗ෼ͷDPNNJUΛૹ৴

$ git push origin master QVTIͷྫ ‣ ϩʔΧϧͷϦϙδτϦͷNBTUFSϒϥϯνʹੵΈॏͶͨDPNNJUͷཤྺΛ ‣ PSJHJOͱ͍͏໊લͷϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͷ ‣ NBTUFSϒϥϯνʹૹΔ

$ git push moro 12345678:topic-a QVTIͷྫ ‣ ϩʔΧϧͷϦϙδτϦDPNNJU͔ΒḷΕΔཤྺΛ ‣ NPSPͱ͍͏໊લͷϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͷ ‣ UPQJDBϒϥϯνʹૹΔ

$ git remote show origin * remote origin Fetch URL: git@ghe.example.com:moro/clock.git Push URL: git@ghe.example.com:moro/clock.git HEAD branch: master Remote branch: master tracked Local ref configured for 'git push': master pushes to master (up to date) "remote" ͷϦϙδτϦ...? ‣ ʮͷ໊લͷϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦʯ

$ git fetch origin GFUDIDMPOFޙͷऔಘ ‣ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦͷDPNNJUΛɺϩʔΧϧʹ࣋ͬ ͯ͘Δ ‣ ࣋ͬͯ͘Δ͚ͩɺखݩͷίʔυ ࡞ۀίϐʔ ͸มΘ Βͳ͍

$ git pull origin QVMMGFUDINFSHF ‣ ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦ͔ΒGFUDI͠ɺNFSHF͢Δ ‣ ࡞ۀίϐʔ͕มߋ͞ΕΔ ‣ ׳ΕΔ·Ͱ͸͓͢͢Ί͠ͳ͍ ‣ pull --rebase ͢ΔͱGFUDISFCBTF ‣ ׳ΕΔ·Ͱ͸ϚδͰ͓͢͢Ί͠ͳ͍

GitHub fosters a fast, flexible, and collaborative development process that lets you work on your own or with others.

GitHub fosters a fast, flexible, and collaborative development process that lets you work on your own or with others.

‣ ͭͷϦϙδτϦʹରͯ͠ ‣ ෳ਺ͷϓϩάϥϚ͕ ‣ ෳ਺ͷมߋΛߦ͏ (JU)VC()&Λ࢖ͬͨίϥϘϨʔγϣϯ

‣ มߋ͍ͯ͠Δ࠷தʹɺଞऀͷมߋͱিಥ͠ͳ͍؀ڥ ‣ มߋ಺༰ΛɺνʔϜͰϨϏϡʔ͢Δ࢓૊Έ ‣ ։ൃϨϏϡʔ׬ྃͨ͠มߋΛɺத৺ͷϦϙδτϦʹ
 ద༻͢Δ࢓૊Έ ‣ த৺ϦϙδτϦʹೖͬͨଞऀͷมߋΛऔಘ͢Δ࢓૊Έ ίϥϘϨʔγϣϯʹඞཁͳ΋ͷ

cookpad/app working copy $ git fetch origin $ git checkout origin/master
 -b topic $ git add ... $ git commit -m '' $ git push -u origin topic commit commit clone fetch push FH(JU)VCqPXͱݺ͹Ε͍ͯΔ΋ͷ

cookpad/app - cookpad/app:topic working copy $ git fetch origin $ git checkout origin/master
 -b topic $ git add ... $ git commit -m '' $ git push -u origin topic commit commit clone fetch push

cookpad/app - cookpad/app:topic working copy $ git fetch origin $ git checkout origin/master
 -b topic $ git add ... $ git commit -m '' $ git push -u origin topic commit commit clone fetch push pull request

cookpad/app - cookpad/app:topic working copy $ git fetch origin $ git checkout origin/master
 -b topic $ git add ... $ git commit -m '' $ git push -u origin topic commit commit clone fetch push pull request ‣ มߋ͍ͯ͠Δ࠷தʹɺଞऀͷมߋͱিಥ͠ͳ͍؀ڥ ‣ มߋ಺༰ΛɺνʔϜͰϨϏϡʔ͢Δ࢓૊Έ ‣ ։ൃϨϏϡʔ׬ྃͨ͠มߋΛɺத৺ͷ
 ϦϙδτϦʹద༻͢Δ࢓૊Έ ‣ த৺ϦϙδτϦʹೖͬͨ
 ଞऀͷมߋΛऔಘ͢Δ࢓૊Έ

‣ (JU)VCͳͲʹ͓͍ͯɺαʔό্ͷϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦΛ
 ෳ੡͢Δ͜ͱɻ ‣ 044։ൃͰɺதԝϦϙδτϦʹίϛοτݖ͕ͳ͍৔߹ʹࣗ෼ͷมߋΛஔ͘
 ϦϞʔτϦϙδτϦΛ࡞Δɻ ‣ ΫοΫύουࣾ಺ͷαʔϏε։ൃͰ΋͜ͷϞσϧΛͱ͍ͬͯΔɻ ‣ ։ൃऀ͕ଟ͔ͬͨΓɺதԝϦϙδτϦ͸QVTIGېࢭͨ͠Γ͢ΔͨΊ GPSL

cookpad/app working copy $ git fetch origin $ git remote add moro git@.... $ git checkout origin/master
 -b topic $ git add ... $ git commit -m '' $ git push moro topic commit commit clone fetch push pull request moro/app - moro/app:topic

1. git@ghe.example.com:moro/fizz-buzz-git.gitΛDMPOF͠ͳ͍͞ 2. p[[@CV[[SCΛ UZQP͸ͦͷ··Ͱ ΋ͬͱྑ͍ίʔυʹॻ͖׵͑ɺDPNNJU͠ͳ͍͞ 3. PSJHJOpYUZQPϒϥϯνΛϚʔδ͠ͳ͍͞ ‣ ίϯϑϦΫτ͢Δ͸ͣͳͷͰɺͦΕΛղফ͠ͳ͍͞ 4. ϒϥ΢βͰhttps://ghe.example.com/moro/fizz-buzz-gitΛ։͖ɺ
 ϑΥʔΫ͠ͳ͍͞ 5. ϑΥʔΫޙʹग़དྷͨࣗ෼ͷϦϙδτϦΛϦϞʔτͱͯ͠ొ࿥͠ͳ͍͞ɻ͜ͷͱ͖ɺ44)ͷ 63-Λ࢖͏͜ͱɻ 6. ͰϚʔδͨ͠಺༰ΛϑΥʔΫͨ͠ϦϙδτϦʹQVTI͠ͳ͍͞ ࣮श෼

1. <"EWBODFE>τϐοΫϒϥϯνΛ࡞੒ͨ͠͏͑ͰԿ͔ػೳΛ௥Ճ͠ɺ
 moro/fizz-buzz-git ʹ1VMM3FRVFTU͠ͳ͍͞ ࣮श෼

‣ 1SP(JUCPPL ‣ ެࣜαΠτʹͯɺॻ੶ͷ׬શ൛ ๜༁෇͖ ͕͋ΔɻҰಡ͢ΔͱΑ͍ɻ ‣ https://git-scm.com/book/ja/v2 ‣ ʲ຋༁ʳ(JUΛϘτϜΞοϓ͔Βཧղ͢Δ ‣ ࠓ೔΍ͬͨΑ͏ʹDPNNJUΦϒδΣΫτΛ௨ͯ͡(JUΛཧղ͢Δهࣄɻ
 ݸਓతʹ͸ͱͯ΋໾ʹཱͬͨ ‣ http://keijinsonyaban.blogspot.jp/2011/05/git.html ‣ લ৬ͷษڧձͰಉ͡Α͏ͳࢿྉΛ࡞ͬͯ·ͨ͠ɻ΍͸ΓDPNNJUͷղઆ͕ଟ͍ ‣ https://speakerdeck.com/moro/my-mental-model-about-git ͋ΘͤͯಡΈ͍ͨ