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Future of Web Apps, October 2013 Rachel Andrew @rachelandrew The New CSS Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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We need designed for purpose layout tools! Floats, positioning, display: table, display: inline-block CSS for Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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Our existing layout methods make creating complex in-browser application layouts difficult Layout for applications Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Candidate Recommendation, 12th April 2011 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-multicol/ Multi-column Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/62693815@N03/6277209256/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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We specify our columns on the container element. .col-wrapper { background-color: rgb(234,237,228); color: rgb(68,68,68); padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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Specifying the width and allowing the browser to calculate number of columns. .col-wrapper { background-color: rgb(234,237,228); color: rgb(68,68,68); padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; column-width: 220px; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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Specifying the number of columns means the browser calculates the width. .col-wrapper { background-color: rgb(234,237,228); color: rgb(68,68,68); padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; column-count: 4; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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The column-gap property controls the width of the gutters between our columns. .col-wrapper { background-color: rgb(234,237,228); color: rgb(68,68,68); padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; column-width: 220px; column-gap: 1.5em; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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The column-rule property sets a rule between columns. It takes no space of it’s own and overlays the column-gap. .col-wrapper { background-color: rgb(234,237,228); color: rgb(68,68,68); padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; column-width: 220px; column-gap: 2em; column-rule: 2px dotted rgb(170,179,171); } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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The column-span property makes an element span columns. .col-wrapper h1 { column-span: all; padding: 0 0 .5em 0; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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Thursday, 24 October 13

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Perch UI Thursday, 24 October 13

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Images are constrained by the columns. img { max-width: 100%; } Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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If a browser does not support multiple- column layout it will display the content in a single column. Multi-col Thursday, 24 October 13

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Using CSS multi-column layouts - https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/ docs/CSS/Using_CSS_multi-column_layouts CSS3 Multi-column layout - http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/css3- multi-column-layout/ Detailed browser information - http://www.quirksmode.org/css/ columns/ Multi-col Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Candidate Recommendation, 18th September 2012 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-flexbox/ Flexible Box Layout Module Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/megangoodchild/4603320792 Thursday, 24 October 13

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Navigation marked up as a list. I want to space these items evenly.
  • What a Cabbage Is
  • Selecting the Soil
  • Preparing the Soil
  • The Manure
Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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A value of flex for the display elements means we are using flexbox. nav ul{ display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-around; align-items: stretch; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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Setting justify- content to space- between means that items justify against the left and right sides of the box. nav ul{ display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-between; align-items: stretch; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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The default value of flex-direction is row. nav ul{ display: flex; flex-direction: row; justify-content: space-between; align-items: stretch; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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Set flex-direction to row-reverse and the order the items display in reverses. nav ul{ display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; justify-content: space-between; align-items: stretch; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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Creating equal height boxes using flexbox.
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Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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With align-items given a value of stretch the items will take the height of the tallest. .boxes { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: stretch; justify-content: space-between; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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With align-items given a value of center. .boxes { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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With align-items given a value of flex- end. .boxes { display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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The order property means we can order our flex items independently of source order. .boxes .box:nth-child(1) { order:3; } .boxes .box:nth-child(2) { order:1; } .boxes .box:nth-child(3) { order:2; } Flexbox Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://css-tricks.com/old-flexbox-and-new-flexbox/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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Thursday, 24 October 13

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you CAN use these techniques even where there is limited browser support Use new CSS sparingly, as an enhancement for small UI elements - rather than thinking in terms of full layouts. Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://philipwalton.github.io/solved-by-flexbox/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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Using CSS Flexible Boxes - https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/ CSS/Tutorials/Using_CSS_flexible_boxes Advanced Cross Browser Flexbox - http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/ advanced-cross-browser-flexbox/ Working with Flexbox - http://www.adobe.com/devnet/html5/articles/ working-with-flexbox-the-new-spec.html Solved by Flexbox - http://philipwalton.github.io/solved-by-flexbox/ Flexbox Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Working Draft, 10th September 2013 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-grid-layout/ CSS Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/1799953270 Thursday, 24 October 13

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7th April 2011 First public draft History of CSS Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-css3-grid-layout-20110407/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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10 September 2013 Current Working Draft CSS Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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Define a grid using the new grid and inline-grid values of the display property. .wrapper { display: grid; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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The grid-template- columns property defines the grid columns; grid- template-rows the grid rows. .wrapper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px 20px auto 20px 200px; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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I have declared a grid on the wrapper so the children need to be positioned.

Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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grid-column-start and grid-column-end set the column position; grid-row- start and grid-row- end the row. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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Columns used as gutters still count as a column, when positioning items. .mainnav { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end:2; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } .title { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 1; grid-row-end: 2; } .quote { grid-column-start: 5; grid-column-end:6; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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When we place an item we declare the grid lines that contain it. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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When we place an item we declare the grid lines that contain it. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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When we place an item we declare the grid lines that contain it. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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When we place an item we declare the grid lines that contain it. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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When we place an item we declare the grid lines that contain it. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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We can also declare named grid lines. .wrapper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: (nav) 200px (gutter) 20px (main) auto (gutter) 20px (sidebar) 200px; grid-template-rows: (header) auto (content) 1fr (content- end); } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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You then use the name rather than the number to place the content. .content { grid-column-start: main; grid-column-end: span 1; grid-row-start: content; grid-row-end: span 1; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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It will also be possible to declare grid template areas .wrapper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 200px 20px auto 20px 200px; grid-template-rows: auto 1fr; grid-template-areas: "header header header header header" "nav . content . sidebar" } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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With a template defined you can more simply target areas of the template. .content { grid-area: content; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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New proposals CSS Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2013May/0077.html Thursday, 24 October 13

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Based on the earlier Draft IE10 Implementation CSS Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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Defining a grid in the IE10 implementation. .wrapper { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 200px 20px auto 20px 200px; -ms-grid-rows: auto 1fr; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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The grid-column and grid-row properties are used differently in the new Working Draft. This is how to position grid items in IE10. .mainnav { -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-row: 2; } .title { -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column:3; } .content { -ms-grid-column: 3; -ms-grid-row: 2; } .quote { -ms-grid-column: 5; -ms-grid-row: 2; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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The IE10 implementation specifies the row and column, rather than the lines around. .content { grid-column-start: 3; grid-column-end: 4; grid-row-start: 2; grid-row-end: 3; } Grid Layout Thursday, 24 October 13

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The IE10 implementation specifies the row and column, rather than the lines around. Grid Layout .content { -ms-grid-column: 3; -ms-grid-row: 2; } Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/sFhmx Thursday, 24 October 13

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Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/2013May/0114.html Flexbox is for one-dimensional layouts Grid is for two-dimensional layouts Grid or Flexbox? Thursday, 24 October 13

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Giving Content Priority with CSS Grid Layout - http://24ways.org/2012/ css3-grid-layout/ My Grid examples on CodePen - http://codepen.io/rachelandrew/tag/ 24%20ways CSS Grid Layout - what has changed? - http://www.rachelandrew.co.uk/ archives/2013/04/10/css-grid-layout---what-has-changed/ Named Lines and Grid areas - http://www.rachelandrew.co.uk/archives/ 2013/04/29/css-grid-layout-named-grid-lines-and-areas/ My Grid Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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Test Drive Grid (IE10 implementation) - http://ie.microsoft.com/ testdrive/graphics/hands-on-css3/hands-on_grid.htm Using CSS Grid Layout to build a game - http://www.sitepoint.com/ using-css-grid-layout-and-blend-5-to-build-a-game/ CSS Grid Layout Overhaul, comments needed! - http://www.css3.info/ css-grid-layout-overhaul-comments-needed/ IE10 implementation Polyfill - https://github.com/codler/Grid-Layout- Polyfill More resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Working Draft, 28th May 2013 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-regions/ CSS Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://html.adobe.com/webplatform/layout/regions/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://html.adobe.com/webplatform/enable/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://blogs.adobe.com/webplatform/2013/09/18/ios-7-safari-new-web-platform-features/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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My content is inside the article element.
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Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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The CSS property flow-into has a value of the name you choose for this content. .main { flow-into: article-thread; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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The property flow- from sets where this content thread should flow from. .article-regions { flow-from: article-thread; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Once the content reaches a height of 6em it will have to flow into the next region. .region1 { height: 6em; margin: 0 0 1em 0; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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The positioning of the regions can use any CSS layout method you like. .regionwrapper { display: flex; flex-direction: row; } .region2 { flex: 1; padding: 0.8em; height: 10em; border-right: 1px dotted #ccc; } .region3 { flex: 1; padding: 0.8em; height: 10em; border-right: 1px dotted #ccc; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); } .region4 { flex: 1; padding: 0.8em; height: 10em; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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A height of auto on a region means it will expand to take whatever content is there. A fixed height means once that height is reached the content moves onto the next region. .region5 { padding: 1em 0 0 0; margin: 1em 0 0 0; border-top: 1px dotted #ccc; height: auto; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Regions do not have to be adjacent.
a cabbage
Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Thursday, 24 October 13

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I have created a separate HTML document to store my content. Regions content ... Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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On the page that will display the content, I have an iframe with an ID, and also the empty regions into which content will flow. iframe>
Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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The flow-into property on the iframe ID causes the iframe to disappear. #regions-content { -ms-flow-into: article-thread; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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We then flow-into the regions as before. .article-regions { -ms-flow-from: article-thread; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Regions can be positioned using any method - here I am using the IE10 Grid Layout implementation. .regionwrapper { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; -ms-grid-rows: 10em 10em auto; } .region1 { margin: 0 0 1em 0; -ms-grid-column: 1; -ms-grid-row: 1; -ms-grid-column-span: 3; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Edit the grid definition to change height of rows to adjust content flow. .regionwrapper { display: -ms-grid; -ms-grid-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; -ms-grid-rows: 10em 6em auto; } Regions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Using CSS Regions to flow content through a layout - http:// docs.webplatform.org/wiki/css/tutorials/css-regions Say hello to CSS Regions Polyfill - http://corlan.org/2013/02/08/say- hello-to-css-regions-polyfill/ CSS Regions examples on CodePen from Adobe - http://codepen.io/ collection/jabto An Introduction to CSS Regions - http://dev.opera.com/articles/view/an- introduction-to-css-regions/ WebPlatform.org CSS Regions - http://docs.webplatform.org/wiki/ tutorials/css-regions Regions Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Working Draft, 28th May 2013 http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-exclusions/ CSS Exclusions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Defines the wrap-flow and wrap-through properties. Allow you to wrap text around elements that are not floated. Exclusions Thursday, 24 October 13

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A cabbage
Exclusions Thursday, 24 October 13

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Positioning the exclusion can be done with any positioning method. .exclusion { height: 160px; width: 200px; padding: 10px; position: absolute; top: 120px; left: 120px; } Exclusions Thursday, 24 October 13

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The wrap-flow property makes the text flow round the exclusion. .exclusion { height: 160px; width: 200px; padding: 10px; position: absolute; top: 120px; left: 120px; wrap-flow:both; } Exclusions Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://adobe.github.io/web-platform/utilities/css-exclusions-support-matrix/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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Wrap-flow and CSS Exclusions - http://advent2012.digitpaint.nl/21/ Adobe post on separation of the Shapes and Exclusions specs - http:// blogs.adobe.com/webplatform/2013/06/04/how-to-make-a-chocolate- peanut-butter-cup/ -ms-wrap-flow information on using wrap-flow in IE10 - http:// msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/hh767314.aspx Exclusions Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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W3C Working Draft, 20th June 2013 Level 1 Editors Draft, 18th October 2013 Level 2 Editors Draft, 1st October 2013 http://www.w3.org/TR/css-shapes/ CSS Shapes Thursday, 24 October 13

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Current level 1 working draft defines shape-outside, and allows shapes only on floats. A Level 2 draft is currently at Editors Draft stage and reimplements these things. Wrap content around and inside things that are not rectangles. CSS Shapes Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://adobe.github.io/web-platform/samples/css-exclusions/nevermore/index.html Thursday, 24 October 13

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The shape-outside property allows text to be wrapped around a shape such as a circle. .float { width: 100px; height: 100px; float: left; shape-outside: circle(50%, 50%, 50%); } CSS Shapes See: http://codepen.io/adobe/pen/HEGna Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://betravis.github.io/shape-tools/polygon-drawing/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://betravis.github.io/shape-tools/polygon-drawing/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://blogs.adobe.com/webplatform/2013/10/23/css-shapes-visual-storytelling/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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Adobe Web Platform: Shapes - http://html.adobe.com/webplatform/ layout/shapes/ Experimenting with CSS Exclusions (actually covers Shapes) - http:// blog.digitalbackcountry.com/2012/03/experimenting-with-css-exclusions/ Shapes examples on CodePen from Adobe - http://codepen.io/ collection/qFesk CSS Shape Tools - http://betravis.github.io/shape-tools CSS Shapes “Alice in Wonderland” example - http://blogs.adobe.com/ webplatform/2013/10/23/css-shapes-visual-storytelling/ Shapes Resources Thursday, 24 October 13

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While specs are at an early stage your opinion can change things. Get involved with new specs! http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/www-style/ Thursday, 24 October 13

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http://rachelandrew.co.uk/presentations/new-css-layout @rachelandrew rachelandrew.co.uk edgeofmyseat.com grabaperch.com Thank you! Thursday, 24 October 13