テクノロジーによって市民がまちを創る - シビックテックとは何か？

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ςΫϊϩδʔʹΑͬͯࢢຽ͕·ͪΛ૑Δ   γϏοΫςοΫͱ͸Կ͔ Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓγϏοΫςοΫδϟύϯɹ୅දཧࣄ Ұൠࣾஂ๏ਓίʔυɾϑΥʔɾΧφβϫʢ$PEFGPS,BOB[BXBʣ୅දཧࣄ ෱ౡ݈Ұ࿠

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෱ౡ ݈Ұ࿠ ʢ@kenchifʣ ۚ୔ࢢ Civic Hacker , IT Architect , Entrepreneu r ๺཮ઌ୺Պֶٕज़େֶӃେֶ ଔۀ ϕϯμʔܥձࣾͰԻ੠ݴޠॲཧͷ ݚڀ։ൃͱ৽نࣄۀ։ൃۀ຿Λܦݧ ΞΠύϒϦογϯάגࣜձࣾ ୅දऔక໾ ʢҰࣾʣγϏοΫςοΫδϟύϯ ୅දཧࣄ ʢҰࣾʣίʔυɾϑΥʔɾΧφβϫ ୅දཧࣄ ಺ֳ׭๪Φʔϓϯσʔλ఻ಓࢣ ૯຿ল஍Ҭ৘ใԽΞυόΠβʔ   ੴ઒஍Ҭͮ͘ΓڠձίʔσΟωʔλʔ ࠃɺ࣏ࣗମͷ༗ࣝऀɺΞυόΠβʔͳͲܦݧ େֶ౳Ͱඇৗۈߨࢣ΋

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Civic Tech 2γϏοΫςοΫͱ͸ʁ

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Civic Tech "γϏοΫςοΫ ʮࢢຽओମͰࣗΒͷ๬ΉࣾձΛ૑Γ͋͛ΔͨΊͷ׆ಈͱ ͦͷͨΊͷςΫϊϩδʔͷ͜ͱʯ

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ઌਐࣄྫɿ$PEFGPS"NFSJDB ઌਐࣄྫɿ$PEFGPS"NFSJDB

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ౙʹઇ͕ੵ΋ΓফՐખ͕ݟ͑ͳ͘ͳΔ͜ͱΛ๷͙ͨΊʹʮফՐખϚοϓʯΛ ࢢຽ͕ڞ༗͠ɺ༗ࢤͰੈ࿩Λ͢ΔফՐખΛ෼୲͢Δͱ͍͏΋ͷ

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͜Μͳ͜ͱࠔͬͯΔʂ ࢢຽ ͜Μͳͷ   ͋ͬͨΒ͍͍ͳ͊ʙ ࢢຽ ࣏ࣗମ ʜ ʢશ෦͸΍Δ͜ͱͰ͖ͳ͍ ͳ͊ʣ ࢢຽ ΈΜͳͰߟ͑ͯ ΈΜͳͰղܾ͠Α͏Α ΤϯδχΞ σβΠφʔ ϓϥϯφʔ ࢢຽࢀըܕͰ՝୊ͷղܾ๏Λߟ͑ɺ*$5Ͱ࣮ݱ͢Δ

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೥ՆΑΓ४උΛ࢝Ίͯ ೥݄ɹ$PEFGPS,BOB[BXBΛਓͰઃཱ ೔ຊͰॳΊͯͷγϏοΫςοΫʢ$PEFGPSʣίϛϡχςΟ ೥݄೔ɹҰൠࣾஂ๏ਓԽ ݱࡏ໊Ҏ্ͷϓϩδΣΫτϝϯόʔͰੴ઒ݝશҬΛΧόʔ

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✤ ϛογϣϯɿ   ࣗΒ͕ॻ͘ίʔυʹΑͬͯ஍Ҭͷ༷ʑͳࣾձ໰୊Λղܾ͢Δ ✤ ϙδγϣϯɿ   $G,͸ߦ੓΍ຽؒاۀͷӨڹΛड͚ͣɺதཱɾެӹͷཱ৔Ͱ׆ಈ͢Δ   ఆظతʹߦ੓ͱϛʔςΟϯάͷ৔Λ࣋ͪɺڠಇ͍ͯ͘͠   ·ͨɺຽ͕ؒͰ͖Δ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩຽؒʹ೚ͤΔ   $G,͔͠Ͱ͖ͳ͍͜ͱΛ΍Δ ✤ ݖརɿ   ܧଓతͳαʔϏεӡӦͷͨΊʹஶ࡞ݖ౳ͷݖར͸$G,ʹؼଐ ✤ ࢿۚɿ   ඇӦརͱ͸͍ͬͯ΋׆ಈࢿۚ͸ඞཁ   $PEFGPS,BOB[BXBͷओཁͳϙϦγʔ

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ϓϩδΣΫτϦʔμʔ ΤϯδχΞ σβΠφʔ ࣏ࣗମ৬һ ֶੜ ʜʜ ϓϩδΣΫτ" ϓϩδΣΫτϦʔμʔ ΤϯδχΞ σβΠφʔ ࣏ࣗମ৬һ ֶੜ ʜʜ ϓϩδΣΫτ# ɾ ɾ ɾ ϝϯόʔ͕ࣗ཯ͯ͠ಈ͘ϓϩδΣΫτ੍Ͱ׆ಈ ݱࡏͷϓϩδΣΫτ਺

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ίʔυɾϑΥʔʁʁʁ ࠷ॳɺΘ͔ͬͯ΋Β͑ͳ͔ͬͨʜ

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ʢΰϛφγʣɹ͝Έʹؔ͢Δσʔλར׆༻ ๺ւಓ͔Βԭೄ·Ͱ౎ࢢҎ্ʹ֦େ

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೥લͷ։ൃ෩ܠ

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ಛ௃̍ ΰϛΛ͍ࣺͭͯΕ͹͍͍͔͕ ৭෼͚͞ΕͯҰ໨Ͱ෼͔Δ ʢۚ୔ࢢ͸࢛छྨͷΰϛʣ

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ಛ௃̎ɿ   Ͳͷΰϛ͕Ͳ͏͍͏छྨͷΰϛ   ͔͸λοϓ͢Ε͹͙͢ʹ෼͔Δ

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ϓϩάϥϜΛແྉͰެ։ʢΦʔϓϯιʔεʣ શࠃ࣏ࣗମҎ্Ͱίϐʔɹ࣏ࣗମެࣜ൛΋

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ΞΠσΞιϯϋοΧιϯΛ։࠵ʢ6%$ɺ*0%%ɺ"%FW4FTTJPO౳ʣ ࢢຽ͕ܧଓͯ͠՝୊ʹऔΓ૊ΜͰ͍͘৔࡞Γ

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ࢠҭͯʹ໾ཱͭ৘ใ͕؆୯ʹखʹೖΔΞϓϦzೳొϊοτΞϩʔϯz͕஀ੜ ࢢຽ͕ͨͪԞೳొࢢ̎ொͰ޿Ҭ࿈ܞΛ͠ͳ͕Βɺ೥݄ʹӡ༻։࢝

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चऱࢢ ྠౡࢢ ೳొொ ݀ਫொ ۚ୔ࢢ ˣ ɾྠౡࢢࣾձ෱ࢱڠٞձʢΠϕϯτσʔλʣ ɾྠౡࢢੜֶ֔श՝ʢྠౡࢢͷެԂɺެຽؗͷ஍ਤ৘ใʣ  ɾΈΒ͍ࢠҭͯωοτྠౡʢࢠҭͯԠԉ஍ਤ৘ใʣ ɾ࣫ܳඒज़ؗʢΠϕϯτσʔλʣ  ɾྠౡ਌ࢠࠛ஬ΫϥϒʢΠϕϯτσʔλʣ ɾ݀ਫொ݈߁ਪਐ՝ʢΠϕϯτσʔλɺ஍ਤ৘ใʣ ɾ݀ਫொࣾձ෱ࢱڠٞձʢڠྗ࿈ܞதʣ ɾ ೳొொ݈߁෱ࢱ՝ʢΠϕϯτσʔλʣ ɾ ଞ ɾ चऱࢢ෱ࢱ՝ʢचऱࢢࢠҭͯࢧԉηϯλʔͷΠϕϯτσʔλʣ ɾ ͷͱϑΣΞϦΟʢࢠҭͯԠԉ஍ਤ৘ใɺԞೳొΠϕϯτσʔλʣ ɾੴ઒ݝԞೳొ૯߹ࣄ຿ॴʢΠϕϯτاըͷޙԉɺ࿈ܞʣ ɾެӹࡒஂ๏ਓ͍͔͠Θࢠҭͯࢧԉࡒஂʢ஍ਤ৘ใʮࢠҭͯศརாʯʣ ɾಛఆඇӦར׆ಈ๏ਓ͜Β΅Δʢαʔόఏڙʣ

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γϏοΫςοΫʹඞཁͳ͜ͱ w ςοΫ͕ओ໾Ͱ͸ͳ͍   ˠςοΫ͸ಓ۩ w Φʔϓϯσʔλ͋Γ͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍   ˠΦʔϓϯσʔλ͕͋Δ͔Β૑Ζ͏Ͱ͸ͳ͍ w Ͱ΋ɺΦʔϓϯσʔλ͸େࣄ   ˠ΍Γ͍ͨ͜ͱ͕͋ͬͯɺͦΕΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊʹ   ɹΦʔϓϯσʔλ͕͋ͬͯཉ͍͠ʢͳ͍ͱڐ୚΋ΒΘͳ͍ͱʜʣ   w Πϯϑϥͱͯ͠ߟ͑Δ   ɹˠۀքͰ͸ͳ͘ࢥ૝΁ςΫϊϩδʔΛว͘

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γϏοΫςοΫʹඞཁͳ͜ͱ w ଟ༷ੑ͕େࣄ   ɹˠࣾձ͸ଟ༷ɺͦ͏͍͏ίϛϡχςΟ࡞Γ͕ඞཁ   ɹɹ΋ͪΖΜߦ੓ͷํʑ΋෼ִ͚ͯͳ͘ࢀՃͯ͠΋Β͏ w ݱ৔͕େࣄʢࢥ͍ࠐΈͷ՝୊Ͱ͸ͳ͘ʣ   ɹˠ1$ͷલ͚ͩͰ͸Կ΋Ͱ͖ͳ͍୭΋࢖Θͳ͍ w ࣗ෼ΰτ   ɹˠ΍ͬͯ΋Β͏͡Όਅʹཉ͍͠΋ͷ͸࡞Εͳ͍   ɹɹࣗ෼͕΍ΔͱͳͬͯॳΊͯແବͳ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍   ɹɹཉ͍͠΋ͷ͔ͩΒɺΈΜͳ͕࢖͏

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2࣏ࣗମͱͷڠಇ͸͋ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍ʁ "ͳ͍ΑΓ͸͋ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍ Ͱ΋ɺͳ͍ͱͰ͖ͳ͍Θ͚Ͱ΋ͳ͍

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୆࿷੓෎YHWʢ೥஀ੜʣ ϚεΫͷࡏݿ͕ϦΞϧλΠϜͰ෼͔ΔαʔϏεΛ਺೔Ͱ׬੒ ΦʔυϦʔλϯ ɹɹ౜๟ ୆࿷ IT୲౰େਉ ୆࿷ͷγϏοΫςοΫίϛϡχςΟHW IUUQTHWBTJB

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᥂ہޱ᠚࠾ߪ஍ᅷCZLJBOH ʢ࣮ࡍͷαʔϏεͷҰͭʣ

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ͳͥɺ͜͏͍͏΋ͷ͕૑Εͨͷ͔ʁ w ৽ܕίϩφ΢Οϧεͷ֦େʹΑΔϚεΫෆ଍ͷରࡦͱͯ͠   ϚεΫͷߪೖʹ͸อݥূͷఏ͕ࣔٛ຿෇͚ w ୆࿷ͷอݥূʹ͸*$νοϓ͕͋Γ   อݥద༻ༀہ͸*$νοϓϦʔμʔΛ࢖͍   ॲํᝦ͕ඞཁͳༀʹؔ͢Δࣄ຿Λޮ཰Խ͍ͯͨ͠ w ͔ͦ͜ΒϚεΫൢചʹؔ͢ΔϦΞϧλΠϜ৘ใΛ੓෎͸೺Ѳ w ͦͷ৘ใΛ$47ϑΝΠϧͰެ։͢Δ͜ͱʹܾఆ ߦ੓ͷσδλϧԽͱΦʔϓϯϚΠϯυ͕طʹଘࡏ

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࣮ࡍͷϚεΫσʔλͷҰ෦ʢμ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠΋ͷʣ

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HWͷ)BDL.%αΠτʹ͸Ҏ্ͷαʔϏε͕ܝࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ʮᓣܴ์্ࣗݾత࿈݁ʯʢϦϯΫΛࣗ͝༝ʹͲ͏ͧʣ

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ࢢຽίϛϡχςΟ ʢඇӦརηΫλʔʣ ੓෎࣏ࣗମ ʢެڞηΫλʔʣ ςΫϊϩδʔΛड͚ೖΕΔ ΦʔϓϯϚΠϯυʢΦʔϓϯσʔλ΋ʣ ੵۃతͳར༻͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢Δ ࢢຽͱͷڠಇΛਪਐ͢Δ ςΫϊϩδʔΛཧղ͢Δ ࣗΒ΍Δ ίϛϡχςΟʹࢀՃ͢Δ ߦ੓ͱͷڠಇΛਪਐ͢Δ ޓ͍ʹϚΠϯυηοτΛม͑Δ͜ͱ͕ॏཁ ΦʔϓϯΨόφϯε

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2Ṷ͔ΔΜͰ͔͢ʁ "ͦΕ͸Θ͔Γ·ͤΜ

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ίϛϡχςΟ׆ಈͷଟ͘ʹ͓͍ͯ ϝϯόʔ͸͓ۚΛ΋Βͬͯͳ͍Ͱ͢ ʢجຊతʹ͸ʣ ͓ۚͰ͸ͳ͍ผͷରՁ͕͋Δʁ

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ʮ΍Βͳ͖Ό͍͚ͳ͍͜ͱʯ ʮ๻Β͕ͯ͠ཉ͍͜͠ͱʯ ͦΕΒ͸͓͕ۚͳͯ͘΋ඞཁͩ

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ͦΕ͸λμಇ͖Ͱ͸ͳ͍ CC BY-NC BEAM Media ࣗ෼͕কདྷड͚͍ͨαʔϏεΛड͚औΔͨΊʹ ࣗ෼͕Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱΛࠓͯ͋͛͠Δ lϖΠϑΥʔϫʔυz

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ςΫϊϩδʔͷਐԽʹΑΓ ࢢຽͷྗΛগͣͭ͠ूΊ ੒ՌΛ੒͠਱͛ΒΕΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ γϏοΫςοΫ͸ ඇ՟ฎͷϞνϕʔγϣϯΛճ͠΍͍͢

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ΤίγεςϜl%*:Խ͢Δࢢຽz ʮࣗΒ͕ղܾ͍ͨ͠ͱࢥ͑Δ՝୊΁ͷ৘೤ʯ ʮتΜͰ΋Β͑Δͱ͍͏ॆ଍ײʯ ʮࣗ෼ָ͕͍͠ʯ ʮະདྷͷࣗ෼ͷͨΊʹʯ ຊ౰ʹඞཁͱ͍ͯ͠Δ͔Βͦ͜ ͓͕ۚୈͷ൑அج४Ͱ͸ͳ͍

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$*7*$5&$)+"1"/ͱ͸ ʮશࠃͰ׆ಈ͢ΔγϏοΫςοΫϓϨΠϠʔͱͦͷίϛϡχςΟ͕ͦ͜ ओମʹͳͬͯܨ͕Γɺࢲͨͪࣗ਎͕๬ΉࣾձΛ૑Γ͋͛Δʯ ͦͷࢧԉΛ͓͜ͳ͏૊৫ ߏ੒ϝϯόʔ͸શࠃͷγϏοΫςοΫϓϨΠϠʔͰ͢

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৽ܕίϩφ΢ΠϧεʹΑΔܦࡁࢧԉʹͳΔ͜ͱΛ͍ͨ͠ʂ ۚ୔ςΠΫΞ΢τϚοϓͷ஀ੜɹ୭΋͕ར༻Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏Φʔϓϯʹ

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ԭೄݝ৽ܕίϩφରࡦۓٸԠԉαΠτ։ઃ $PEFGPS,BOB[BXBͷΞϓϦΛϕʔεʹ ԭೄݝͱͱ΋ʹ $0%&GPS0,*/"8"$*7*$5&$)+"1"/ͰڠಇͰ։ൃ ˞ৄࡉ͸*OUFSOFU8BUDIͷهࣄͳͲΛੋඇ

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$*7*$5&$)'036. ςΫϊϩδʔͷྗΛ࢖͍ɺࣾձͷ՝୊ɾࢢຽͷ՝୊ɾࣗΒͷ՝୊Λղܾ͢ΔΞΫγϣϯʮγϏοΫςοΫʯΛ   ςʔϚͱͨ͠೥͔Βଓ͘ϑΥʔϥϜʢެڞ޿৔ʣͰ͢ɻ   ϑΥʔϥϜʢެڞ޿৔ʣͷ໊ͷ௨ΓɺγϏοΫςοΫʹڵຯ͕͋Δ༷ʑͳਓʹ͓ू·Γ͍͖ͨͩɺࣄྫ΍࣮ફɺ ϊ΢ϋ΢΍νϟϨϯδΛ޿͘ڞ༗͢Δ৔ͱͯ͠ӡӦ͓ͯ͠Γ·͢ɻ       $*7*$5&$)'036.͸ʢ౔ʣ ׬શΦϯϥΠϯͰ։࠵͠·͢ʂ

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