2021 Web アプリフレームワーク入門_REST API 入門

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GTB2021 WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫೖ໳ / REST API ೖ໳

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ԕ౻ ଠಙʢenduʣ ॴଐɿ GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ ECࣄۀ෦ άʔϖάϧʔϓ ೖࣾɿ 2017೥ झຯɿ ήʔϜɺࣗਬɺϐΞϊ ߨࢣ঺հ 2

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຀໺ ߂޾ʢkumak1ʣ ॴଐɿ GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ ECࣄۀ෦ Χϥʔϛʔγϣοϓάϧʔϓ ೖࣾɿ 2014೥ झຯɿ ήʔϜΛ࡞ΔɾֆΛඳ͘ ߨࢣ঺հ 3

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ߴڮ ๜඙ʢkunitʣ ॴଐɿ GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ ϗεςΟϯάࣄۀ෦ ೖࣾɿ 2018೥ झຯɿ ཱྀߦɺΧϝϥ ߨࢣ঺հ 4

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๬݄ ᚸتʢmochikoʣ ॴଐɿ GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ ϗεςΟϯάࣄۀ෦ ೖࣾɿ 2019೥ झຯɿ F1؍ઓɺβɾΫϩϚχϤϯζɺ ΧϨʔʢΛ৯΂Δʣ ߨࢣ঺հ 5

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खౡɹঘਓʢ@tositeʣ ॴଐɿ GMOϖύϘגࣜձࣾ ϗεςΟϯάࣄۀ෦ ೖࣾɿ 2018೥ झຯɿ υϥΠϒɾΩϟϯϓɾྉཧ ߨࢣ঺հ 6

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ڮޱɹ޼ ॴଐɿ GMOΠϯλʔωοτגࣜձࣾ γεςϜຊ෦ɹ ໊͓લ.com ։ൃ෦ ໊͓લϑϩϯτΤϯυ νʔϜ ೖࣾɿ 2019೥ झຯɿ ےτϨɺα΢φɺΞχϝ ߨࢣ঺հ 7

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ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ ͍ͭͯ

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1೔໨ʢ2021/05/12 16:15ʙ18:40ʣ ࠲ֶ 1࣌ؒ15෼ (16:15ʙ17:30) kumak1 - Webʹ͍ͭͯ - ϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱ - WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ - WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ ։ൃ؀ڥߏங 1࣌ؒ (17:40ʙ18:40) endu - ConoHa VPSʹαʔόʔΛ௥Ճ͢Δ - VSCodeͷ֦ுػೳRemote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 9 εέδϡʔϧͱ୲౰ʹ͍ͭͯ

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εέδϡʔϧͱ୲౰ʹ͍ͭͯ 2೔໨ʢ2021/05/13 10:30ʙ18:45ʣ Laravelʹ͍ͭͯ 1࣌ؒʢ10:30ʙ11:30ʣ kumak1 - Laravelͱ͸ʁ - Laravelͷศརػೳ - LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ - LaravelͰͷॲཧͷྲྀΕΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 10

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εέδϡʔϧͱ୲౰ʹ͍ͭͯ 2೔໨ʢ2021/05/13 10:30ʙ18:45ʣ LaravelΛ࢖ͬͯAPIΛ࡞੒͢Δ 6࣌ؒʢ11:40ʙ18:45ʣ endu - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛϒϥ΢β͔ΒݟͯΈΑ͏ - APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ - ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ - ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 11

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࣭໰ํ๏ʹ͍ͭͯ جຊ͸zoomͷνϟοτʹॻ͖ࠐΜͰ͍ͩ͘͞ɻ ྫ ʲ࣭໰ʳ***ͱॻ͍ͯΈͨͷͰ͕͢ɺಈ͔ͳ͍Ͱ͢ɻ ʲ࣭໰ʳ*** ͬͯɺͲ͏͍͏ҙຯͰ͠ΐ͏͔? ʲ࣭໰ʳΛݟͯαϒߨࢣ͕࣭໰ʹνϟοτ্Ͱ౴͑·͢ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 12

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ϦΞΫγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ ࡞ۀύʔτͷਐḿΛ֬ೝ͢ΔͨΊʹօ͞Μͷ൓ԠΛ࢕͏͕࣌͋Γ·͢ɻ ͦͷ࣌͸zoomͷʮखΛڍ͛ΔʯػೳͰϘλϯΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ൓ԠΛ֬ೝͰ͖ͨΒʮखΛԼΖ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ʯͱݴ͏ͷͰ ʮखΛ߱Ζ͢ʯϘλϯΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ߨٛΛεϜʔζʹਐΊΔͨΊɺ͝ڠྗ͓ئ͍͠·͢ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 13

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ٳܜʹ͍ͭͯ ͜ͷը૾͕ࡌ͍ͬͯΔεϥΠυ͕͋Δ࣌͸10෼ٳܜͰ͢ɻ ͜ͷߨٛͰ͸͜·ΊʹٳܜΛೖΕͯਐΊ͍͖ͯ·͢ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 14

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खΛಈ͔͢࡞ۀͰͷεϥΠυʹ͍ͭͯ ʮ։ൃ؀ڥߏஙʯͱʮLaravelΛ࢖ͬͯAPIΛ࡞੒͢ΔʯͰ͸खΛಈ͔ͯ͠΋ Β͍·͢ɻԼهͷλά͕ग़͍ͯͳ͍εϥΠυ͸࠲ֶͳͷͰɺεϥΠυΛݟͳ͕ ΒߨٛΛฉ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ ࡞ۀ ʮ࡞ۀʯ͕͍͍ͭͯΔεϥΠυ͸࣮ࡍʹखΛಈ͔͠ͳ ͕Βߦ͏ύʔτʹͳΓ·͢ɻ࣮ࡍʹίʔσΟϯάΛ͠ ͨΓɺઃఆͨ͠Γ͢Δ࡞ۀͰग़͖ͯ·͢ɻ ֬ೝ ʮ֬ೝʯ͕͍͍ͭͯΔεϥΠυ͸ಈ࡞Λ֬ೝͨ͠Γɺ ฦ͖ͬͯͨ݁ՌΛ֬ೝ͠·͢ɻ 15

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DEMOεϥΠυͱ࡞ۀεϥΠυʹ͍ͭͯ DEMOεϥΠυͷද͕ࣔग़͍ͯΔ࣌͸ɺߨࢣ͕ը໘ݟͤͳ͕Β࣮ࡍʹDEMOΛߦ ͍·͢ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 16

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࡞ۀεϥΠυ͕ग़͍ͯΔ࣌͸ɺօ͞ΜʹखΛಈ͔ͯ͠࡞ۀΛͯ͠΋Β͍·͢ɻ HH:MM·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾXXXΛ͢Δ ɾOOOΛ࣮ߦ ֬ೝ ɾXX͕දࣔ͞Εͨ DEMOεϥΠυͱ࡞ۀεϥΠυʹ͍ͭͯ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 17

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࠲ֶ

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Webʹ͍ͭͯ Webʹ͍͓ͭͯ͞Β͍Λ͠·͠ΐ͏ 19

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Webʹ͍ͭͯ Web ͷؔ࿈ٕज़͸ͱͯ΋ѻ͍΍͘͢ɺ༷ʑͳͱ͜ΖͰར༻͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ - Chrome ΍ Edge ͳͲͷϒϥ΢βͰاۀ΍αʔϏεͷWebϖʔδΛݟΔ - ΦʔιυοΫεͳ࢖ΘΕํ - PCɾεϚϗɾςϨϏͱ͍༷ͬͨʑͳσόΠε͔ΒݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ - εϚϗͷήʔϜΞϓϦͰ௨৴Λߦ͍ͳ͕ΒڠྗϓϨΠΛ͢Δ - ϒϥ΢βҎ֎ͷ༷ʑͳΞϓϦ΋σʔλͷ΍ΓऔΓʹར༻͍ͯ͠Δ Webʹ͍ͭͯ 20

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ΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόʔ αʔϏεΛఏڙ͢ΔଆΛαʔόʔɺαʔϏεΛड͚ΔଆΛΫϥΠΞϯτͱ ݺͼ·͢ʢҰൠతͳݴ༿ʹͳΓͭͭ͋Γ·͢Ͷʣɻ ΫϥΠΞϯτͷ୅දྫ͕ϒϥ΢β - Google Chrome - Microsoft EdgeɺInternet Explorer - Apple Safari - Mozilla Firefox αʔόʔͱͯ͠ར༻͞Ε͍ͯΔ୅දతͳ΋ͷ - Apache HTTP Server - Nginx (ΤϯδϯΤοΫε) - Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services) - LiteSpeed Web Server Webʹ͍ͭͯ 21

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URL ͱ HTTP Web Ͱ͸࣍ͷ2͕ͭͱͯ΋ॏཁͳཁૉͱͳΓ·͢ɻ URL (Uniform Resource Locator) ʮཉ͍͠৘ใ͕Ͳ͜ʹ͋Δͷ͔ʯͱ͍͏৔ॴΛ໌֬ʹࣔ͢ HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) URL Ͱࣔͨ͠৔ॴʹରͯ͠ʮ৘ใΛͲ͏͍͔ͨ͠ʯΛ௨৴Ͱࢦࣔ͢Δ ্هͷ2ͭΛ͜ΕҎ߱΋͏গ͚ͩ͠ਂ۷Γ͠·͢ɻ Webʹ͍ͭͯ 22

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URLͱ͸ URLΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰʮͲ͜ʹͳʹ͕͋Δ͔ʯΛ؆୯ʹࣔ͢͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ URL͕ͳ͔ͬͨΒ… - ͋ͷاۀαʔόʔͷ˓˓ͱ͍͏ΧςΰϦԼͷ˚˚ͱ͍͏αϒΧςΰϦΛΈͯʂ - ͱͯ΋େม URL͕͋ͬͨΒ… - https://example.com/○○/△△/ ΛΈͯʂ - ৔ॴΛࢦࣔ͢͠ͷʹγϯϓϧͳϧʔϧΛఏڙͰ͖ͨͷͰɺར༻͢Δͷ͕ͱͯ΋؆୯ʹͳͬͨ Webʹ͍ͭͯ 23

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ϓϩτίϧͱ͸ ϓϩτίϧͱ͸௨৴͢Δࡍͷखॱ΍ن֨ΛఆΊͨن໿ͷ͜ͱͰ͢ɻ ϓϩτίϧʹै͏͜ͱͰɺαʔόʔͱΫϥΠΞϯτ͕ωοτϫʔΫΛ ௨ͯ͡΍ΓऔΓͰ͖·͢ɻ - ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕αʔόʔʹܾΊΒΕ໋ͨྩ (1ͭ΋͘͠͸ෳ਺) Λૹ৴͢Δͱ݁Ռ ͕ฦΔ - Web Ͱ͸ URL Ͱࣔ͞Εͨ৔ॴʹରͯ͠ HTTP ͱ͍͏ϓϩτίϧͰ΍Γ औΓΛߦ͏ Webʹ͍ͭͯ 24

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HTTP ͷྑ͞ HTTP ͸ͦΕ·Ͱ͋ͬͨϓϩτίϧΑΓ͔ͳΓ୯७ͳ΋ͷͱͳ͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ Ҏલͷϓϩτίϧ - SMTP ΍ POP3/IMAP4 (ϝʔϧͰ࢖༻) - FTP (ϑΝΠϧసૹͰ࢖༻) ౳ - ෳ਺ͷ໋ྩΛ૊Έ߹Θͤͯ໨తͷಈ࡞Λߦ͏ HTTP - (جຊతʹ) 1ͭͷ໋ྩͰ໨తΛՌͨͤΔ - ϓϩτίϧ͕୯७ͳͨΊɺαʔόʔ΍ΫϥΠΞϯτΛ࣮૷͠΍͍͢ HTTP Λར༻ͨ͠ϓϩμΫτ΍ࣄྫ͕രൃతʹ૿͑·ͨ͠ɻ Webʹ͍ͭͯ 25

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Webϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱ Webϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱʹͳʹ͕ى͖͍ͯΔ͔Λ આ໌͍͖ͯ͠·͢ɻ 26

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ϦΫΤετͱϨεϙϯε ΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόʔͱͷ΍ΓऔΓʹରͯ͠ͷ༻ޠΛઆ໌͠·͢ɻ ϦΫΤετ ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔Βαʔόʔʹ઀ଓ͠ɺαʔϏεΛఏڙͯ͠΋Β͏ͨΊͷॲཧΛґཔ͢Δ͜ͱΛ ʮϦΫΤετΛ౤͛Δʯͱ͍͏ Ϩεϙϯε ΫϥΠΞϯτ͔ΒͷϦΫΤετΛड͚ͯɺαʔόʔͰॲཧΛߦͬͨ݁ՌΛΫϥΠΞϯτʹ౉͢͜ͱΛ ʮϨεϙϯεΛฦ͢ʯͱ͍͏ Webϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱ 27

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HTTP ͷ΍ΓऔΓ ྫ͑͹ɺYahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδΛදࣔ͢Δ·ͰΛߟ͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ 1. ϒϥ΢β͔Β Yahoo! JAPAN ͷWebαʔόʔʹτοϓϖʔδͷ৘ใΛ΋Β͏ͨΊʹ τοϓϖʔδͷURL ʹରͯ͠ϦΫΤετΛ౤͛Δ 1. Webαʔόʔ͸τοϓϖʔδͷσʔλΛ४උͯ͠ɺϒϥ΢βʹϨεϙϯεͱͯ͠ HTML ϑΝΠϧΛฦ͢ 2. ϒϥ΢β͕ HTML ϑΝΠϧΛղੳ͢ΔͱɺCSS ΍ JavaScriptɺը૾ͱ͍ͬͨϑΝΠϧΛ ௥ՃͰऔಘ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͜ͱ͕൑໌͢Δ 1. ϒϥ΢β͔ΒWebαʔόʔʹ ඞཁͳ΋ͷΛ΋Β͏ͨΊʹ౤͛Δ 2. αʔόʔ͔Βϒϥ΢βʹϦΫΤετ͞Εͨ΋ͷΛฦ͢ ...ҎԼ͜Εͷ܁Γฦ͠ Webϖʔδ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ·Ͱ 28

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ϒϥ΢β͔Β Yahoo! JAPAN ͷWebαʔόʔʹτοϓϖʔδͷ৘ใΛ ΋Β͏ͨΊʹτοϓϖʔδͷURL ʹରͯ͠ϦΫΤετΛ౤͛·͢ɻ Yahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδ͕ݟ͑Δ·Ͱʢͦͷ1ʣ ϦΫΤετ 29

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ϒϥ΢β͔Β Yahoo! JAPAN ͷWebαʔόʔʹτοϓϖʔδͷ৘ใΛ ΋Β͏ͨΊʹτοϓϖʔδͷURL ʹରͯ͠ϦΫΤετΛ౤͛·͢ɻ Yahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδ͕ݟ͑Δ·Ͱʢͦͷ1ʣ ϦΫΤετ GET https://www.yahoo.co.jp/ HTTP/1.1 Host: www.yahoo.co.jp Connection: keep-alive accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/ webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 accept-encoding: gzip, deflate, br accept-language: ja,en-US;q=0.9,en;q=0.8 cookie: ... sec-fetch-dest: document sec-fetch-mode: navigate sec-fetch-site: none sec-fetch-user: ?1 upgrade-insecure-requests: 1 user-agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_14_6) AppleWebKit/ 537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163 Safari/537.36 30

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ϦΫΤετϝιου ϦΫΤετϝιου͸ɺURLʹରͯ͠ͲͷΑ͏ͳॲཧΛ͍ͨ͠ͷ͔Λ ࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ɻ GET - ৘ใΛऔಘ - ෭࡞༻͸ͳ͍Α͏ʹ POST - ৘ใΛมߋ PUT - ৘ใΛஔ׵ PATCH - ৘ใΛҰ෦ஔ׵ DELETE - ৘ใΛ࡟আ Yahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδ͕ݟ͑Δ·Ͱʢͦͷ1ʣ 33

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Webαʔόʔ͸τοϓϖʔδͷσʔλΛ४උͯ͠ɺϒϥ΢βʹ Ϩεϙϯεͱͯ͠ html ϑΝΠϧΛฦ͠·͢ɻ Yahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδ͕ݟ͑Δ·Ͱʢͦͷ2ʣ Ϩεϙϯε 34

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Webαʔόʔ͸τοϓϖʔδͷσʔλΛ४උͯ͠ɺϒϥ΢βʹ Ϩεϙϯεͱͯ͠ html ϑΝΠϧΛฦ͠·͢ɻ Yahoo! JAPAN ͷϖʔδ͕ݟ͑Δ·Ͱʢͦͷ2ʣ Ϩεϙϯε HTTP/1.1 200 OK Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, must-revalidate Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Date: Mon, 20 Apr 2020 06:59:26 GMT Expires: -1 Pragma: no-cache Set-Cookie: B=18kikclf9qi2e&b=3&s=2m; expires=Thu, 21-Apr-2022 06:59:26 GMT; pat h=/; domain=.yahoo.co.jp Vary: Accept-Encoding X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN X-Vcap-Request-Id: 075691ed-bab6-4077-58f0-34523d132299 X-Xss-Protection: 1; mode=block Age: 0 Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: keep-alive Via: http/1.1 edge1675.img.bbt.yahoo.co.jp (ApacheTrafficServer [c sSf ]) Server: ATS Set-Cookie: XB=18kikclf9qi2e&b=3&s=2m; expires=Thu, 21-Apr-2022 06:59:26 GMT; pa th=/; domain=.yahoo.co.jp; secure; samesite=none ... 35

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εςʔλείʔυ εςʔλείʔυ͸ɺαʔόʔͷॲཧ݁ՌΛࣔͨ͠΋ͷͰ͢ɻ 3ܻͷ਺஋ͰͲͷΑ͏ͳঢ়ଶʹͳ͔ͬͨΛද͠·͢ɻ - 200൪୆͸ॲཧ͕੒ޭͨ͜͠ͱΛද͢ - 200 OK - 201 Created - 300൪୆͸௥Ճͷॲཧ͕ඞཁͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛද͢ - 301 Moved Permanently - 302 Found - 307 Temporary Redirect - 308 Permanent Redirect εςʔλείʔυ 38

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εςʔλείʔυ - 400൪୆͸ϦΫΤετʹ໰୊͕͋ͬͨ͜ͱΛද͢ - 400 Bad Request - 401 Unauthorized - ೝূ͕ඞཁ - 403 Forbidden - 404 Not Found - 500൪୆͸αʔόʔଆʹ໰୊͕͋ͬͨ͜ͱΛද͢ - 500 Internal Server Error - 503 Service Unavailable εςʔλείʔυ 39

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ิ଍ 40

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ϦΫΤετ΋Ϩεϙϯε΋୯ͳΔςΩετͳͷͰɺͦͷ··Ͱ͸؆୯ʹ த਎ΛݟΒΕͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ TLS (Transport Layer Security) - ௨৴૬खͷೝূɺ௨৴ͷ҉߸ԽΛߦ͏ϓϩτίϧ - Ҏલ͸ SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) ͱݺ͹Ε͍ͯͨ - SSL ͷݹ͍όʔδϣϯͰ࢖ΘΕ͍ͯͨ҉߸ํ͕ࣜഁΒΕͯ͠·ͬͨͨΊɺSSL ͷ্Ґن໿ͱͯ͠ TLS ͕࡞ΒΕͨ - SSL ͱ TLS Λ·ͱΊͯ SSL ͱݺ͹ΕΔ͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ HTTPS - SSL/TLS ϓϩτίϧͰ઀ଓͷ্Ͱ HTTP ௨৴Λߦ͏͜ͱ - SSL/TLS ͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯͳ͍ঢ়ଶͩͱURL͸ http://ʙ - SSL/TLS ͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯΔঢ়ଶͰ͸ https://ʙ ʹͳΔ ҆શͳ௨৴Λ͢ΔͨΊʹ 41

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ಛఆͷ୭͔͚ͩར༻͍ͤͨ͞ ఏڙ͢ΔίϯςϯπʹΑͬͯ͸ɺձһ͚͕ͩ࢖͑Δͱ͔ɺಛఆͷਓ͚͕ͩ࢖͑Δ ͱ੍͍ͬͨݶΛ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ͕Α͋͘Γ·͢ɻ ೝূ (Authentication) - ୭Ͱ͋Δ͔Λ֬ೝͯ͠ɺڐՄ͞ΕͨਓҎ֎͸ڐ͞ͳ͍ - ྫɿiPhone ͷ Face ID Λ༻͍ͨೝূͳͲ ೝՄ (Authorization) - ୭Ͱ͋Δ͔ʹԠͯ͡ɺͲͷΑ͏ͳݖར͕͋Δ͔Λίϯτϩʔϧ͢Δ - ྫɿөըؗͰόΠΦϨϯεͳөըΛΈΔͳͲ ೔ຊޠͰ΋ࣅͨΑ͏ͳ༻ޠͩ͠ɺӳޠͰ΋྆ํͱ΋ུ͢ͱ Auth ͱͳΓɺࠞಉ͞ΕΔࣄ͕ଟ͍ͷͰ஫ҙ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ 42

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υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτ - URL (https:///) ͷτοϓ෦෼ͱରԠ͢Δαʔόʔ্ͷσΟϨΫτϦͷ͜ͱ - ≒υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτʹϑΝΠϧΛஔ͘ͱWebʹެ։͞ΕΔ - Linux ΛWebαʔόʔʹηοτΞοϓ͢Δͱ /var/www/html ͕υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτʹͳΔ - ઃఆϑΝΠϧͰมߋՄೳ - ϨϯλϧαʔόʔͰ͸1ͭͷαʔόʔΛෳ਺ͷ͓٬༷͕ར༻͢ΔͷͰɺ͓٬༷ͷυϝΠϯຖʹ υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτΛઃఆ͍ͯ͠Δ υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτʹϑΝΠϧΛແ଄࡞ʹஔ͘ͱɺWebϒϥ΢β͔Β؆୯ʹΞΫηε͞Εͯ͠·͏ɻ ͜ͷͨΊɺݟΒΕͯ͸͍͚ͳ͍σʔλ͸ /var/www/data ͳͲͷυΩϡϝϯτϧʔτ֎ͷσΟϨΫτϦʹ ஔ͘Α͏ʹ͠·͠ΐ͏ʢ৘ใ࿙͍͑ͷҰ෦͸υΩϡϝϯτϧʔτʹޡͬͯϑΝΠϧΛஔ͍ͨ͜ͱͰൃੜ͍ͯ͠·͢ʣɻ ิ଍ 43

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16࣌50෼·Ͱٳܜ 44

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WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ ͍ͭͯ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹֶ͍ͭͯΜͰ͍͖·͠ΐ͏ 45

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Web ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ෼ྨͯ͠ΈΔ WebϖʔδΛදࣔ͢ΔͨΊͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ - αʔόʔ͔Β͸ HTML, JavaScript, CSS, ը૾ͳͲΛฦ͢ - ݹ͔͘Βఏڙ͞Ε͖ͯͨ΋ͷ εϚϗ౳͔Βར༻͞ΕΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ - εϚϗΞϓϦ౳͔ΒΞΫηε͞Εɺσʔλͷऔಘ΍ߋ৽Λߦ͏ - ʮσʔλΛͲ͏΍ΓऔΓΛ͢Δ͔ʯͱ͍͏ܾ·ΓΛΞϓϦέʔγϣϯຖʹܾΊͯɺ ΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόʔͰ΍ΓऔΓΛߦ͏ - ͜ͷܾ·Γͷ͜ͱΛ API (Application Programming Interface) ͱ͍͏ ࠓճͷߨٛͰ͸͜ͷ API ͷ࣮૷ํ๏Λֶͼ·͢ɻ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 46

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RESTful API API ͷઃܭํ๏ʹ͸͍͔ͭ͘ͷྲّྀ͕͋Γ·͢ʢRPC ΍ SOAPͳͲʣɻ Web API ͸ SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol) ͳͲͰఏڙ͞Ε͍ͯͨ - γεςϜຖʹෳࡶͳ࢓༷ॻ (XMLͷߏ଄ͳͲ) ͷ΍ΓऔΓ͕ඞཁ - ࡞੒͢ΔγεςϜ͕৭ʑͰ͖Δ͕ෳࡶʹͳΓ͕ͪ RESTful API - URL ͕ࣔ͢΋ͷʹରͯ͠ HTTP ͷϝιουΛ࢖ͬͯ୯७ʹΞΫηε͢Δ - ࢓༷͕γϯϓϧʹͳΔͷͰɺෳ਺ͷγεςϜ࿈ܞ͕ൺֱత༰қʹͳΔ ࡢࠓ͸ RESTful API Ͱఏڙ͢Δ΋ͷ͕ଟ͍Ͱ͢ɻ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 47

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REST ͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ Web ͰγεςϜΛߏங͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯɺͲͷΑ͏ʹ͢Δͱޮ཰͕͍͍ͷ͔ͱ ͍͏ߟ͑ํ͕ HTTP ͷن໿Λࡦఆͨ͠ϝϯόʔͷҰਓͰ͋Δ Roy Fielding ʹΑͬͯఏএ͞Ε·ͨ͠ɻ REST (REpresentational State Transfer) - ֦ுੑͷ͋Δ Web γεςϜΛߏங͢ΔͨΊͷ ΞʔΩςΫνϟελΠϧ(ઃܭͷྲّྀ΍༷ࣜɺ࡞๏) - ΫϥΠΞϯτͱαʔόʔͷؒΛURLͱ౷ҰΠϯλϑΣʔε (ϦΫΤετϝιου) Λ࢖ͬͯ εςʔτϨεʹ΍ΓऔΓ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑΓ֦ுੑΛߴΊΔΑ͏ʹͰ͖Δͱͨ͠ߟ͑ - Web ͓Αͼ HTTP ͦͷ΋ͷͷݪଇͱݴ͑Δ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 48

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CRUD ͱ͍͏ߟ͑ํ CRUD ͱ͸ɺσʔλૢ࡞Ͱ࢖͏4ͭͷجຊػೳͷͦΕͧΕͷ಄จࣈΛͱͬͨ΋ͷͰ ͢ɻ͜ΕΛ RESTful API ʹϚοϐϯά͢ΔͱҎԼͷ௨ΓͰ͢ɻ Create - σʔλΛੜ੒͢Δ - POST Read - σʔλΛಡΈऔΔ - GET Update - σʔλΛߋ৽͢Δ - PUT or PATCH Delete - σʔλΛ࡟আ͢Δ - DELETE WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 49

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ฦ٫͞ΕΔσʔλͷܗࣜ ௨ৗͷWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ HTML ΍ JavaScriptɾCSS ͳͲ͕ฦ٫ ͞Ε·͕͢ɺAPI Ͱ͸ͦΕͱ͸ҧͬͨܗࣜͰσʔλΛฦ٫͠·͢ɻ ύʔε - ϓϩάϥϜͰσʔλ (จࣈྻ) ղੳ͢Δ͜ͱ - API Ͱѻ͏σʔλ͸ϓϩάϥϜͰॲཧ͠΍͍͢ܗࣜΛ બͿʢHTML ΍୯ͳΔෳ਺ߦςΩετ͸ύʔεͮ͠Β͍ʣ ύʔε͠΍͍͢σʔλܗࣜ - XML (Extensible Markup Language) - σʔλʹରͯ͠ݫີʹλάΛ෇༩ͨ͠σʔλܗࣜ - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) - JavaScript Ͱͦͷ··ར༻ՄೳͰɺͦͷଞݴޠͰ΋ѻ͍΍͍͢ - ࠓճͷߨٛͰ͸ JSON ΛऔΓѻ͏ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ 50

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JSON αϯϓϧίʔυͰൺֱ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ XML HTML { "key": "value" } value 51

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WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯඞཁͳ஌ࣝΛ આ໌͠·͢ɻ 52

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͸ ໌೔ͷϋϯζΦϯͰ࡞੒͢ΔWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ ར༻͠·͢ɻ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʢWeb ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʣ - ϞϊΛ࡞੒͢Δࡍɺ0͔Βશͯ࡞Δͷ͸ͱͯ΋େม - ౔୆ͱͯ͠Կׂ͔Ͱ͖͕͋ͬͨϞϊͷ্ʹॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ׬੒·Ͱͷ खؒΛগͳ͘͢Διϑτ΢ΣΞ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫຖʹϧʔϧ΍࡞๏͕͋Γɺ͜Εʹै͑͹ൺֱత؆୯ʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ࡞੒Ͱ͖Δʢٯʹݴ͑͹ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫຖʹบ͕͋Γɺ߹Θͤͯ࡞Δඞཁ͕͋Δʣ ϥΠϒϥϦͱͷҧ͍ - ϥΠϒϥϦ͸ࣗ෼͕࡞੒͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ͔Βར༻͢Δ෦඼ - ಛผͳॲཧΛ؆୯ʹ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔΑ͏࡞੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ࠶࣮૷͢Δख͕ؒল͚Δ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸ࣗ෼͕࡞੒͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ͕ར༻͞ΕΔ෦඼ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ 53

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ύλʔϯ ϓϩάϥϜΛઃܭɾ࣮૷ʹ͓͍ͯʮ୭΋͕ࣅ࣮ͨ૷Λ͍ͯ͠Δͳʯͱ ͍͏͜ͱ͕͠͹͠͹ى͜Γ·͢ɻ ύλʔϯ - ࣅͨΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δ৔߹ɺޙʑ֦ுɾमਖ਼͠΍͍͢ڞ௨ͷ΍Γํ͕ग़ͯ͘Δ - ख๏΍खॱʹ໊લΛ͚ͭɺΤϯδχΞؒͰڞ௨ͷޠኮͱͯ͠ձ࿩͕Ͱ͖ΔΑ͏ʹͨ͠Ϟϊ Ξϯνύλʔϯ - ύλʔϯ͸ྑ͍Ϟϊ͹͔ΓͰ͸ͳ͍ - ʮ͜͏͍͏෩ʹ͢Δͱྑ͘ͳ͍Αʯͱ஫ҙשى͢Δ΋ͷ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸͜ͷύλʔϯΛଟ͘ར༻͓ͯ͠Γɺͦͷ୅දྫ͕ MVCύλʔϯͰ͢ɻ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ 54

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MVCύλʔϯ MVCύλʔϯ (Model-View-Controller ύλʔϯ) - ModelɺViewɺController ͷ3ͭͷύʔπͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞Δߟ͑ํ Controller - ֎෦͔ΒͷϦΫΤετΛड͚Δ - ॲཧΛ Model ʹґཔͯ͠ɺ݁ՌΛड͚औΔ - ॲཧ݁ՌΛ View ʹ౉ͯ͠ɺग़ྗ݁ՌΛड͚औΔ - ग़ྗ݁ՌΛϨεϙϯεͱͯ͠ฦ٫͢Δ Model - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͱͯ͠ͷॲཧΛ୲౰͢Δ - DBΞΫηε΍֎෦αʔϏεͱͷ΍ΓऔΓ͸͜͜Ͱߦ͏ View - ॲཧ݁ՌΛͲͷΑ͏ʹΞ΢τϓοτ͢Δ͔Λ୲౰͢Δ - HTMLͷੜ੒΍ɺJSONͷੜ੒ΛߦͬͨΓ͢Δ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ 55

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MVCύλʔϯͷಛ௃ MVCύλʔϯ͸ଟ͘ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ࠾༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊԠ༻͠΍͍͢ - ࣮૷͢Δࡍʮ MVC ͷͲΕ͕୲౰͢Δ͔ʯͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ੔ཧ͠΍͍͢ - σΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ʢͲ͜ʹԿΛஔ͔͘ʣ͸೰ΈͷλωʹͳΓ΍͍͢ - ΄ͱΜͲͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸σΟϨΫτϦߏ੒͕ܾ·͓ͬͯΓ ͜Εʹै࣮ͬͯ૷͢ΔͷͰ ʢൺֱతʣ ೰·ͳ͍ͰࡁΉ ஫ҙ఺ - MVCͷ୲౰ΛׂΓৼΔࡍɺͲ͏ͯ͠΋ᐆດͳ෦෼͕Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏ - Controller, Model ͷͲͪΒ͔ͷ୲౰ൣғ͸޿͘ͳΓ͗͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞੒͢Δʹ͋ͨͬͯ 56

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17࣌25෼·Ͱٳܜ 57

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։ൃ؀ڥߏங

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ConoHaʹαʔόʔΛ௥Ճ͢Δ 59

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ConoHaʹαʔόʔΛ௥Ճ͢Δ 60

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17:45·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾݚम༻αʔόʔΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾSSH KeyΛμ΢ϯϩʔυ͢Δ ֬ೝ ɾConoHaͷVPSͷҰཡͰΠϯελϯε͕ ɹݟΕΔ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ ConoHaʹαʔόʔΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ࡞ۀ 61

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VSCodeͷ֦ுػೳ Remote-SSHͰ αʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ 62

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ͳͥVSCodeΛ࢖༻͢Δͷ͔ VSCodeΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍৔߹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ࡞ۀ͕ൃੜ͠·͢ɻ - ίϯιʔϧը໘ʹೖΓίϚϯυϥΠϯͰૢ࡞͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ - ख͕ؒൃੜ͢Δ - ίϚϯυͷೖྗؒҧ͍Ͱ࡞ۀ͕ࢥ͏Α͏ʹਐ·ͳ͍ - viͳͲͷ஌͕ࣝඞཁ - मਖ਼ՕॴΛ୳͢ͷ͕େม Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ 63

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ͳͥVSCodeΛ࢖༻͢Δͷ͔ VSCodeΛ࢖༻ͨ͠৔߹ɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳϝϦοτ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ - GUIͰָʹૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ - ࣗಈͰΠϯσϯτ΍ิ׬Λͯ͘͠ΕΔͷͰɺϑΝΠϧͷத਎Λฤू͢Δͷָ͕ - ֦ுػೳΛೖΕͯࣗ෼޷ΈʹΧελϚΠζͰ͖Δ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ 64

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Πϝʔδਤ - VSCodeΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍৔߹ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ खݩͷPC؀ڥ ConoHa VPS ্ͷ؀ڥ SSH ઀ଓ 65

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Πϝʔδਤ - VSCodeΛ࢖༻͠ͳ͍৔߹ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ खݩͷPC؀ڥ ConoHa VPS ্ͷ؀ڥ SSH ઀ଓ viͰฤू େมʂ 66

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Πϝʔδਤ - VSCodeΛ࢖༻ͨ͠৔߹ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ खݩͷPC؀ڥ ConoHa VPS ্ͷ؀ڥ SSH ઀ଓ Remote-SSH 67

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Πϝʔδਤ - VSCodeΛ࢖༻ͨ͠৔߹ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ खݩͷPC؀ڥ ConoHa VPS ্ͷ؀ڥ SSH ઀ଓ Remote-SSH VSCodeͰฤू ؆୯ʂ 68

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͜Ε͔Βߦ͏۩ମతͳखॱ 1. VSCodeʹ֦ுػೳ Remote-SSH ΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ 2. VSCode Remote-SSH ͷ઀ଓઃఆ a. SSH Key ͷݖݶมߋ͢Δ b. VSCode Remote-SSH ʹ઀ଓઃఆΛ௥Ճ͢Δ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ 69

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VSCodeʹRemote-SSHΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ VSCodeͷ֦ுػೳͷݕࡧը໘(Crt+Shift+X)͔ΒRemote-SSHΛݕࡧͯ͠Πϯετʔϧ͠·͢ɻ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ ࡞ۀ 70

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VSCodeʹRemote-SSHΛΠϯετʔϧ͢Δ Πϯετʔϧ͕׬ྃ͢ΔͱVSCodeͷࠨͷΞΠίϯҰཡʹRemote-SSH༻ͷΞΠίϯ͕දࣔ͞Ε·͢ɻ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ ࡞ۀ 71

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Remote-SSHͰConoHa VPSʹΞΫηε͢Δ mac൛ 72

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Remote-SSHͰConoHa VPSʹΞΫηε͢Δ windows൛ 73

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αʔόʔͷઃఆ͕ਖ਼͘͠Ͱ͖͍ͯΔ͔֬ೝ͠Α͏ Remote-SSHͰConoHa VPSʹΞΫηε͢Δ ࡞ۀ root@αʔόʔ໊ ͱදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔλʔϛφϧͰ࡞ۀ͠·͢ cd /var/www/html pwd # ͜ͷΑ͏ʹදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ /var/www/html ΋͠Τϥʔ͕ग़ͨΓɺ্هͷΑ͏ͳ݁Ռ͕දࣔ͞Εͳ͔ͬͨΒɺ VPSͷॳظઃఆ͕ؒҧ͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ ݱࡏͷΠϯελϯεΛ࡟আͯ͠ɺ࠶౓VPSͷઃఆ͔Β΍Γ௚͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ खΛڍ͛ͯڭ͍͍͑ͯͨͩͨΒϑΥϩʔ͠·͢ʂ

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18:40 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾVSCodeʹRemote-SSHΛΠϯετʔϧ ɾRemote-SSHʹConoHaαʔόʔͷઃఆΛొ࿥ ɾConoHaͷαʔόʔʹϩάΠϯ ֬ೝ ɾRemote-SSHͨ͋͠ͱͷλʔϛφϧͰ ɹpwdͷ݁Ռ͕ਖ਼͘͠දࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ Remote-SSHͰαʔόʔʹΞΫηε͢Δ ࡞ۀ 75

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1೔໨ऴྃʂ ͓ർΕ༷Ͱͨ͠ʂ

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GTB2021 WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫೖ໳ / REST API ೖ໳ 2೔໨

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εέδϡʔϧͱ୲౰ʹ͍ͭͯ 2೔໨ʢ2021/05/13 10:30ʙ18:45ʣ Laravelʹ͍ͭͯ 1࣌ؒʢ10:30ʙ11:30ʣ kumak1 - Laravelͱ͸ʁ - Laravelͷศརػೳ - LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ - LaravelͰͷॲཧͷྲྀΕΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 78

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Laravelͱ͸ʁ ࠓճͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷߨٛ͸LaravelΛ ࢖ͬͯਐΊ͍͖ͯ·͢ 80

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Laravelͷ঺հ PHPͰॻ͔ΕͨϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ - ެࣜυΩϡϝϯτɹ https://laravel.com/ - ೔ຊޠ༁·ͱΊαΠτ https://readouble.com/laravel/ όʔδϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ - v1 ͸2011೥6݄ఏڙ։࢝ - ࠷৽όʔδϣϯ͸ 8.Xʢ2021/4 ݱࡏʣ - ൒೥ຖʹϝδϟʔόʔδϣϯΞοϓ - LTSʢLong Term SupportʣͷϦϦʔε͸2೥ຖ - όάϑΟοΫε͸2೥ؒܧଓ - ηΩϡϦςΟϑΟοΫε͸3೥ؒܧଓ ࠓճͷߨٛͰ͸ Laravel 6.Xʢ࠷৽ͷLTSʣΛ࢖༻͠·͢ɻ Laravelͱ͸ʁ 81

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͸ ໌೔ͷϋϯζΦϯͰ࡞੒͢ΔWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ͸ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ ར༻͠·͢ɻ ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʢWeb ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʣ - ϞϊΛ࡞੒͢Δࡍɺ0 ͔Βશͯ࡞Δͷ͸ͱͯ΋େม - ౔୆ͱͯ͠Կׂ͔Ͱ͖͕͋ͬͨϞϊͷ্ʹॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ͜ͱͰɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ׬੒·Ͱͷ खؒΛগͳ͘͢Διϑτ΢ΣΞ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫຖʹϧʔϧ΍࡞๏͕͋Γɺ͜Εʹै͑͹ൺֱత؆୯ʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ࡞੒Ͱ͖Δʢٯʹݴ͑͹ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫຖʹบ͕͋Γɺ߹Θͤͯ࡞Δඞཁ͕͋Δʣ ϥΠϒϥϦͱͷҧ͍ - ϥΠϒϥϦ͸ࣗ෼͕࡞੒͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ ͔Β ར༻͢Δ෦඼ - ಛผͳॲཧΛ؆୯ʹ࣮ݱͰ͖ΔΑ͏࡞੒͞Ε͓ͯΓɺ࠶࣮૷͢Δख͕ؒল͚Δ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸ࣗ෼͕࡞੒͢ΔϓϩάϥϜ ͕ ར༻͞ΕΔ෦඼ ෮शʢϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͸ʣ 82

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WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͸ʁ - WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ։ൃΛαϙʔτ͢ΔͨΊʹઃܭ͞Εͨ΋ͷ - Α͘༻͍ΒΕΔػೳͷͨΊͷϥΠϒϥϦΛఏڙ WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹඞཁͳڞ௨ػೳΛ͋Β͔͡Ί༻ҙ͢Δ͜ͱͰ ׬੒·ͰͷखؒΛগͳ͘͢Διϑτ΢ΣΞͰ͢ɻ ෮शʢWebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͱ͸ʁʣ 83

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࢖͏ϝϦοτ ؆୯ʹɺ҆શʹɺ୹͘ॻ͘͜ͱ͕ՄೳʹͳΓ·͢ɻ - ن໿͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ - ن໿ʹఴ͏͜ͱͰ։ൃऀ͝ͱͷίʔσΟϯάͷόϥ෇͖͕཈͑ΒΕΔ - ίʔυ͕ߏ଄Խ͞Ε͍ͯΔ - MVCύλʔϯɺϦϙδτϦύλʔϯͳͲ - อकੑ޲্ - ศརͳϞϊ͕༻ҙ͞Ε͍ͯΔ - ίϚϯυϥΠϯΠϯλʔϑΣΠεɺORMͳͲ - ։ൃεϐʔυΞοϓ Laravelͱ͸ʁ 84

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ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫΛ࢖͏σϝϦοτ - ֶशίετ͕૿͑Δ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ͓࡞๏ͷशಘ͕ඞཁʢݴޠͷ͓࡞๏ͱผʹʣ - ྫɿίϚϯυϥΠϯΠϯλʔϑΣΠεɺORMͷه๏ɺϧʔςΟϯάͳͲ - ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷ஌ࣝʹภͬͯ͠·͏ - ࡉ͔͍࢓૊ΈΛཧղͤͣʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕࡞Εͯ͠·͏ͷͰ ϒϥοΫϘοΫεԽ͠΍͍͢ - ΧελϚΠζͮ͠Β͍ʢεΫϥονͱൺ΂ʣ - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷن໛ʹରͯ͠৑௕ʹͳΔ৔߹͕͋Δ Laravelͱ͸ʁ 85

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LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 86

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Artisan ʹ͍ͭͯ LaravelͷίϚϯυϥΠϯΠϯλʔϑΣΠε - https://readouble.com/laravel/6.x/ja/artisan.html - Artisan = ৬ਓͱ͍͏ҙຯ ʮphp artisan xxxʯͱ͍͏ه๏Ͱ༷ʑͳίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͰ͖Δ LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 87

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LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 88 ArtisanίϚϯυ ॲཧ಺༰ php artisan -v Laravelͷόʔδϣϯͷ֬ೝ php artisan list ίϚϯυҰཡΛ֬ೝͰ͖Δ php artisan <࣮ߦίϚϯυ> -h ίϚϯυͷ࢖͍ํΛ֬ೝͰ͖Δ php artisan make:controller FooController FooίϯτϩʔϥʔΛ࡞੒͢Δ php artisan make:model Foo FooϞσϧΛ࡞੒͢Δ php artisan make:migration create_tests_table --create=tests create_tests_table=ϑΝΠϧ໊ɺtests=ςʔϒϧ໊ͰϚΠά ϨʔγϣϯϑΝΠϧΛ࡞੒͢Δ php artisan migrate ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦ php artisan migrate:rollback ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷϩʔϧόοΫ php artisan route:list ϧʔςΟϯάͷҰཡΛදࣔ php artisan tinker REPLͷىಈʢͪΐͬͱͨ͠σόοάͱ͔ʹศརʣ

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ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ ҠಈɾҠߦͱ͍͏ҙຯʢwikipediaΑΓҾ༻ʣ - ͜͜Ͱ͸σʔλϕʔεϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷ͜ͱ - DBʹอଘ͞Ε͍ͯΔσʔλΛอ࣋ͨ͠··ɺςʔϒϧͷ࡞੒΍ΧϥϜͷมߋͳͲΛߦ͏ͨΊͷػೳ ϚΠάϨʔγϣϯͷϝϦοτ - SQLจΛ࡞੒࣮ͯ͠ߦ͠ͳͯ͘΋ɺ؆୯ʹςʔϒϧΛఆٛͰ͖Δ - ςʔϒϧͷઃܭΛίʔυͰ؅ཧͰ͖ΔʢϚΠάϨʔγϣϯϑΝΠϧʣ - σʔλϕʔεઃఆ͕όʔδϣϯϑΝΠϧʹΑΓ؅ཧ͞ΕΔ - ෳ਺ਓͰͷ։ൃ࡞ۀ΋΍Γ΍͘͢ͳΔ LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 89

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.envϑΝΠϧʹ͍ͭͯ - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ࢖͏֤छઃఆؚ͕·ΕΔ - σʔλϕʔεͷ઀ଓઃఆ - ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯݻ༗ͷ؀ڥม਺ʢAPP_KEYͳͲʣ - ։ൃ؀ڥ΍ຊ൪؀ڥͷ੾Γସ͑ - Ϧετͨ͠஋͸PHPͷεʔύʔάϩʔόϧม਺΁ϩʔυ͞ΕΔ - ൿಗ৘ใͳͲΛ֎෦͔ΒΞΫηεͰ͖ͳ͍ܗͰอ࣋Ͱ͖Δ .envϑΝΠϧ͸GitHubͳͲʹΞοϓϩʔυͯ͠͸͍͚·ͤΜ LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 90

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.envϑΝΠϧʹ͍ͭͯ .envϑΝΠϧͷهࡌ͞ΕΔ؀ڥม਺ͷྫ LaravelͷศརػೳͷҰྫ 91

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LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ 92

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σΟϨΫτϦͷߏ੒ͷҰ෦ MVCͷσΟϨΫτϦ - app/Http/ ModelͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔ - app/Http/Controller/ ControllerͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔ - app/resources/views/ ViewͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔ ͦͷଞͷσΟϨΫτϦ - app/Console/Commands/ ArtisanͷಠࣗΧελϜίϚϯυ - routes/ɹ ϧʔτఆٛϑΝΠϧ - database/ DBͷϚΠάϨʔγϣϯɾॳظ஋ઃఆϑΝΠϧͳͲ - tests/ɹ ςετ - vendor/ɹ ϥΠϒϥϦͳͲʢcomposer ʹΑΔґଘύοέʔδղܾʣ ※ϑϨʔϜϫʔΫͷछྨʹΑͬͯߏ੒͸ҟͳΓ·͢ɻ ɹ·ͨɺόʔδϣϯʹΑͬͯ΋ҟͳΔ৔߹͕͋Γ·͢ɻ LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ 93

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MVCύλʔϯͷ෮श 94

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MVCύλʔϯͷಛ௃ MVCύλʔϯ ͸ଟ͘ͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫʹ࠾༻͞Ε͍ͯΔͨΊԠ༻͠΍͍͢ - ࣮૷͢Δࡍʮ MVC ͷͲΕ͕୲౰͢Δ͔ʯͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ੔ཧ͠΍͍͢ - σΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ʢͲ͜ʹԿΛஔ͔͘ʣ͸೰ΈͷλωʹͳΓ΍͍͢ - ΄ͱΜͲͷϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ͸σΟϨΫτϦߏ੒͕ܾ·͓ͬͯΓ ͜Εʹै࣮ͬͯ૷͢ΔͷͰʢൺֱతʣ೰·ͳ͍ͰࡁΉ ஫ҙ఺ - MVCͷ୲౰ΛׂΓৼΔࡍɺͲ͏ͯ͠΋ᐆດͳ෦෼͕Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏ - Controller, Model ͷͲͪΒ͔ͷ୲౰ൣғ͸޿͘ͳΓ͗͢Δ܏޲͕͋Δ →͔࣍ΒɺLaravelͰMVCΛݟ͍͖ͯ·͢ 96 MVCύλʔϯͷ෮श

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ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯ ݟͯΈΑ͏ 97

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ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 98 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ ෰ͷҰཡΛ ݟ͍ͨ

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ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 99 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ ෰ͷҰཡΛ ݟ͍ͨ Response GET /clothes ෰ͷҰཡϖʔδΛϨεϙϯεͰฦ͢ Request

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 100 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 101 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ Controller /clothesΛݩʹControllerʹ ભҠ͠·͢ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 102 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller ControllerଆͰʮ෰ͷҰཡΛ औಘ͢ΔʯॲཧΛݺͼग़͠·͢ ᶃ

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 103 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller DB͔ΒσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠ͷͰ Ϟσϧʹॲཧ͕ҠΓ·͢

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 104 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller Modelܦ༝ͰDB͔Βඞཁͳ σʔλΛऔಘ͠·͢

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 105 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller ड͚औͬͨσʔλΛ Controllerʹฦ͠·͢

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 106 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller σʔλΛViewʹ౉ͯ͠ ϨεϙϯεͰฦ͢ܗʹՃ޻͠·͢

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 107 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller Controller͔ΒϨεϙϯεΛ ΫϥΠΞϯτʹฦ͠·͢

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 108 ॲཧͷྲྀΕΛMVCʹԊͬͯݟͯΈΑ͏ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller MVCύλʔϯͷྲྀΕ

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LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦͷߏ੒ͷҰ෦ MVCͷσΟϨΫτϦ - app/Http/ ModelͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔʢॾઆ͋Δʣ - app/Http/Controller/ ControllerͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔ - app/resources/views/ ViewͷϑΝΠϧؚ͕·ΕΔ ͦͷଞͷσΟϨΫτϦ - app/Console/Commands/ ArtisanͷಠࣗΧελϜίϚϯυ - routes/ɹ ϧʔτఆٛϑΝΠϧ - database/ DBͷϚΠάϨʔγϣϯɾॳظ஋ઃఆϑΝΠϧͳͲ - tests/ɹ ςετ - vendor/ɹ ϥΠϒϥϦͳͲʢcomposer ʹΑΔґଘύοέʔδղܾʣ →ઌఔͷॲཧͷྲྀΕʹɺσΟϨΫτϦΛରԠͤͯ͞Έ·͠ΐ͏ LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ͷ͓͞Β͍ 109

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app/ LaravelͷσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒Λ͋ͯ͸ΊΔͱ͜͏ͳΓ·͢ 110 ॲཧͷྲྀΕͱσΟϨΫτϦߏ੒ routes/ DB app/resources/ views app/Http/ Controller

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͔ΜͨΜʹ࣮૷Ͱ͖ͦ͏ʂ ศརͦ͏ʂʂ ࠓͷͱ͜Ζ͸ɺ͜͏ࢥͬͯ΋Β͑ͨΒे෼Ͱ͢ ͔࣍Β࣮ࡍʹΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ࡞͍͖ͬͯ·͢ʂ 111

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11࣌20෼·Ͱٳܜ 112

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LaravelΛ࢖ͬͯ APIΛ࡞੒͢Δ 113

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ϋϯζΦϯύʔτߨٛதͷλʔϛφϧʹ͍ͭͯ ͜ͷߨٛͰग़ͯ͘ΔλʔϛφϧͰ࣮ߦ͢Δ؀ڥ͸ શͯremote sshͰ઀ଓ͍ͯ͠Δঢ়ଶͰͷVSCodeͷλʔϛφϧͰ͢ɻ खݩͷPCͷλʔϛφϧͰ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻroot@~ ͱࠨଆʹදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 115

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λʔϛφϧͰΑ͘࢖͏ίϚϯυ λʔϛφϧ্ͰσΟϨΫτϦΛҠಈͨ͠Γ͠·͢ɻ ͦͷͨΊʹ஌͓ͬͯ͘΂͖ίϚϯυΛࡌ͓͖ͤͯ·͢ɻ ଞʹ΋ΦϓγϣϯͳͲ͋Γ·͕͢ɺຊߨٛͰ͸͜ͷ4ͭͷίϚϯυΛ࢖͏ͱ ͓͍͍֮͑ͯͯͩ͘͞ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 116 cd # σΟϨΫτϦҠಈ cd .. # 1্ͭͷσΟϨΫτϦ֊૚ʹ໭Δ ls # ϑΝΠϧҰཡΛදࣔ pwd # ݱࡏͷσΟϨΫτϦΛදࣔ

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ϑΝΠϧͷฤूʹ͍ͭͯ ྘ͷจࣈͰهࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔՕॴ͸ɺ௥ه͢ΔՕॴͰ͢ɻ ੺͍จࣈͰهࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔՕॴ͸ɺ࡟আ͢ΔՕॴͰ͢ɻ ૢ࡞͢Δ΂͖ϑΝΠϧΛ֬ೝͯ͠ɺฤूɾอଘ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ߨٛͷਐΊํʹ͍ͭͯ 117 ←ؙ͕͍͍ͭͯΔͱ͖͸ɺ มߋ͕อଘ͞Ε͍ͯ·ͤΜɻ ←อଘ͞ΕΔͱɺ ͜ͷΑ͏ʹؙ͕ফ͑·͢ อଘ͠ͳ͍ͱಈ࡞͠·ͤΜɻ

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ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛ ηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ 118

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1೔໨ͰઌʹɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯηοτΞοϓΛߦͬͨํ΁ ࡞ۀ ※ಈը಺Ͱ͸આ໌͕ͳ͍Ͱ͢ # masterʹ࠷৽Λ͢Δ git pull # ࠶౓ make setup/conoha Λ࣮ߦ make setup/conoha ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏

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ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ 120 https://github.com/tosite/gtb-web-application-framework

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12:00 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾgit ͷΠϯετʔϧ ɾڭࡐͷμ΢ϯϩʔυ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷηοτΞοϓ ֬ೝ ɾΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ͕ϒϥ΢βͰݟΕΔ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 121

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ConoHa VPSʹڭࡐΛμ΢ϯϩʔυ͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ git ΛΠϯετʔϧ͠·͢ɻ sudo yum -y install git # git͕Πϯετʔϧ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͠·͢ git --version # ੒ޭ git version 1.8.3.1 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏

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ConoHa VPSʹڭࡐΛμ΢ϯϩʔυ͠Α͏ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ μ΢ϯϩʔυͨ͠ڭࡐͷσΟϨΫτϦʹҠಈ͠·͢ɻ σΟϨΫτϦΛҠಈɾڭࡐΛμ΢ϯϩʔυ͠·͢ɻ cd /var/www/html git clone https://github.com/tosite/gtb-web-application-framework.git cd /var/www/html/gtb-web-application-framework pwd # ͜ͷΑ͏ʹදࣔ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ /var/www/html/gtb-web-application-framework ΋͠ cd /var/www/html ͰΤϥʔ͕ͰͨΒVPSͷॳظઃఆ͕ؒҧ͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ͕͋ΔͷͰ खΛڍ͛ͯڭ͍͑ͯͩ͘͞

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ConoHa VPSʹڭࡐΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ ڭࡐΛηοτΞοϓ͠·͢ɻ make setup/conoha ิ଍ɿmakeίϚϯυͰΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷηοτΞοϓΛࣗಈԽ͍ͯ͠·͢ɻڵຯͷ͋Δਓ͸֬ೝͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ - https://github.com/tosite/gtb-web-application-framework ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏

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VSCodeଆͰ࡞ۀσΟϨΫτϦΛมߋ͠Α͏ VSCodeଆͰʮϑΝΠϧʯˠʮOpenʯΛબ୒͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ /var/www/html/gtb-web-application-framework Λೖྗͯ͠OKΛೖΕ͍ͯͩ͞ɻ ࡞ۀ 125 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏

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VSCodeଆͰ࡞ۀσΟϨΫτϦΛมߋ͠Α͏ σΟϨΫτϦ͕มΘ͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͠·͢ɻ͜ΕͰϑΝΠϧΛฤू͢Δ४උ͕੔͍·ͨ͠ɻ ࡞ۀ 126 ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯΛηοτΞοϓ͠Α͏

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14࣌00෼·Ͱ ͓னٳܜ 127

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API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ 128

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APIը໘ ͜͜Ͱओʹ࡞੒ͨ͠APIͷಈ࡞ݕূΛߦ͍·͢ɻResultʹϨεϙϯε͕ฦ͖ͬͯ·͢ɻ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 129

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Routesը໘ ϧʔςΟϯάͱίϯτϩʔϥʔͷରԠΛݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 130

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Logsը໘ ΤϥʔϩάΛݟΔ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 131

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σʔλΛશදࣔ ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ 132 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments Parameters ͳ͠ ֬ೝ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ σʔλΛશදࣔ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ 133 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments Parameters ͳ͠ ֬ೝ 200 ʢσʔλදࣔʹ੒ޭʣ

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API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 134

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12:10·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾAPIςελʔͰGETϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε200͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾίϝϯτͷҰཡͷύϥϝʔλ͕ݟΕΔ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ࡞ۀ 135

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POSTͰϦΫΤετ͢Δͱࣦഊ͢Δ͔֬ೝ͠Α͏ Parametersͷkey͸ʮnameʯͱʮcontentʯΛ௥Ճ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 136

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ POSTͰϦΫΤετ͢Δͱࣦഊ͢Δ͔֬ೝ͠Α͏ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ 137 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ࣗ༝ content: ࣗ༝ ֬ೝ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ POSTͰϦΫΤετ͢Δͱࣦഊ͢Δ͔֬ೝ͠Α͏ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ 138 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ࣗ༝ content: ࣗ༝ ֬ೝ 405 Τϥʔ

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API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ֬ೝ 139

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12:15·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɹPOSTϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε405ͰΤϥʔ͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ API TesterΛ࢖ͬͯΈΑ͏ ࡞ۀ 140

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**࣌**෼·Ͱٳܜ 141

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13࣌45෼·Ͱ ͓னٳܜ 142

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ લ൒(Create,Read) 143

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Create 144

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routes/api.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈΑ͏ɻ CRUDͷCreate - ϧʔςΟϯάʹ௥Ճ͢Δ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 145 ֬ೝ group(function () { Route::delete('logs', function () { exec(': > ../storage/logs/laravel.log'); }); Route::get('comments', 'CommentController@index'); Route::post('comments', 'CommentController@store'); });

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷCreate - Ϩεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͔֬ೝ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 146 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ࣗ༝ content: ࣗ༝ ֬ೝ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷCreate - Ϩεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͔֬ೝ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 147 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ࣗ༝ content: ࣗ༝ ֬ೝ 200 ʢϧʔςΟϯάʹ੒ޭʣ

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ҎԼͷΤϥʔ͕ग़ͨ৔߹ɺParameters͕ෆద੾ͳՄೳੑ͕ߟ͑ΒΕ·͢ɻ ۭͰͳ͍͜ͱΛ֬ೝͯ͠࠶౓࣮ߦ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷCreate - Ϩεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͔֬ೝ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 148 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ۭ content: ۭ ֬ೝ 422 Τϥʔ

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 149

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14:20 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾίϝϯτొ࿥ͷϧʔςΟϯάΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾAPIςελʔͰ࠶ͼPOSTϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾύϥϝʔλΛೖྗͯ͠ϦΫΤετΛߦ͏ͱε ςʔλε200͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 150

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λʔϛφϧͰartisanίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͯ͠Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ Model͸{Ϟσϧ໊}.phpͱ͍͏ϑΝΠϧ໊Ͱ࡞੒͞Ε·͢ɻ Comment Model Λ artisan ίϚϯυͰ࡞੒ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 151 pwd # ͜Ε͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ /var/www/html/gtb-web-application php artisan make:model Comment # ੒ޭ Model created successfully. ࡞ۀ

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Model Λ artisan ίϚϯυͰ࡞੒ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 152 ֬ೝ

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Model ECγϣοϓ͔Β෰ͷҰཡσʔλΛऔಘ͍ͨ͠৔߹ͷྫ 153 MVCύλʔϯͷಛ௃ʢ෮शʣ Route DB View ᶃ ᶄ ᶅ ᶆ ᶇ ᶈ ᶉ Controller MVCύλʔϯͷྲྀΕ

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Modelʹ$fillableΛ௥Ճͯ͠nameͱcontentΛ௥Ճ͠·͢ɻ app/Comment.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ Model ʹ $fillable Λ௥Ճ͢Δ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 154

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app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷCreate - ControllerʹstoreͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 155 public function store(\App\Http\Requests\Comments\Post $request) { $comment = Comment::create([ 'name' => $request->input('name'), 'content' => $request->input('content'), ]); return response()->json($comment, 201); } ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷCreate - ࠶࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 156 Selected Method post Uri /api/comments Parameters name: ࣗ෼ content: ࣗ༝ ֬ೝ 201 ʢDBʹϨίʔυ௥Ճʣ

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ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳϨεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷCreate - ࠶࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 157 ֬ೝ id Λ߇͓͑ͯ͘

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 158

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14:45 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾCommentϞσϧΛ࡞੒͢Δ ɾ$fillableͰΧϥϜߋ৽ͷڐՄΛઃఆ͢Δ ɾσʔλΛొ࿥͢ΔॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾAPIςελʔͰ࠶ͼPOSTϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε201͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾύϥϝʔλ͕ݟΕΔ͜ͱʢidΛ߇͓͑ͯ͘ʣ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 159

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routes/api.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷRead - ϧʔςΟϯάʹ௥Ճ͢Δ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 161 group(function () { Route::delete('logs', function () { exec(': > ../storage/logs/laravel.log'); }); Route::get('comments', 'CommentController@index'); Route::post('comments', 'CommentController@store'); Route::get('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@show'); }); ࡞ۀ

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࡞ۀ app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷRead - ControllerʹshowͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 162 public function show($id) { return Comment::findOrFail($id); }

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ {id}ʹ͸ઌ΄Ͳ߇͑ͨidΛೖྗ͠·͢ɻ CRUDͷRead - Ϩεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͔֬ೝ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 163 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters ͳ͠ ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ {id}ʹ͸ઌ΄Ͳ߇͑ͨidΛೖྗ͠·͢ɻ CRUDͷRead - Ϩεϙϯε͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͔֬ೝ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 164 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters ͳ͠ ࡞ۀ 200 Createͨ͠σʔλ͕ දࣔ͞ΕΔ

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 165

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15:10·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾࢦఆͨ͠idͷίϝϯτΛදࣔ͢ΔͨΊͷ ɹϧʔςΟϯάͱॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾࢦఆͨ͠idͷίϝϯτΛදࣔ͢ΔGET ɹϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε200͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾࢦఆͨ͠idͷσʔλ͕֬ೝͰ͖Δ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 166

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15࣌05෼·Ͱٳܜ 167

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ޙ൒(Update,Delete,Index) 168

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Update 169

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routes/api.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷUpdate - ϧʔςΟϯάʹ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 170 group(function () { Route::delete('logs', function () { exec(': > ../storage/logs/laravel.log'); }); Route::get('comments', 'CommentController@index'); Route::post('comments', 'CommentController@store'); Route::get('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@show'); Route::put('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@update'); }); ࡞ۀ

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CRUDͷUpdate - ControllerʹupdateͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 171 public function update(\App\Http\Requests\Comments\Put $request, $id) { $comment = Comment::findOrFail($id); $comment->update([ 'name' => $request->input('name') ?: $comment->name, 'content' => $request->input('content') ?: $comment->content, ]); return response()->json($comment, 200); } ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷUpdate - ࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 172 Selected Method put/patch Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters name: ࣗ༝ ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷUpdate - ࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 173 Selected Method put/patch Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters name: ࣗ༝ ࡞ۀ 200 name͕ߋ৽͞ΕΔ

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 174

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15:45 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾߋ৽ͷϧʔςΟϯάΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾߋ৽ͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾAPIςελʔͰࢦఆͨ͠idͷ಺༰Λมߋ͢Δ ϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε200͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾมߋͷ಺༰͕֬ೝͰ͖Δ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 175

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Delete 176

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routes/api.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷDelete - ϧʔςΟϯάʹ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 177 group(function () { Route::delete('logs', function () { exec(': > ../storage/logs/laravel.log'); }); Route::get('comments', 'CommentController@index'); Route::post('comments', 'CommentController@store'); Route::get('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@show'); Route::put('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@update'); Route::delete('comments/{comment}', 'CommentController@destroy'); }); ࡞ۀ

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app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.phpΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷDelete - ControllerʹdestroyͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 178 public function destroy($id) { Comment::findOrFail($id)->delete(); return response()->noContent(); } ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷDelete - ࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 179 Selected Method delete Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters ͳ͠ ࡞ۀ

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 180

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16:05 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾ࡟আͷϧʔςΟϯάΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾ࡟আͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾAPIςελʔͰࢦఆͨ͠idͷσʔλΛ࡟আ͢Δ ɹϦΫΤετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε204͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾidΛࢦఆͯ͠GETͯ͠ݟΕͳ͍͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 181

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Index 182

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app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php ΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ CRUDͷRead - ControllerʹshowͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 183 public function index() { return [ ['name' => 'tom', 'content' => 'hello'], ['name' => 'sam', 'content' => 'world'], ]; return Comment::all(); } ࡞ۀ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷRead - API࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 184 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments Parameters ͳ͠ ֬ೝ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ CRUDͷRead - API࣮ߦ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 185 Selected Method get Uri /api/comments Parameters ͳ͠ ֬ೝ 200 σʔλ͕දࣔ͞ΕΔ

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APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 186

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16:15 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾίϝϯτҰཡΛऔಘ͢ΔॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾAPIςελʔͰҰཡΛऔಘ͢ΔϦΫΤετΛ ɹૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε200͕ฦͬͯ͘Δ͜ͱ ɾίϝϯτҰཡ͕ݟΕΔ͜ͱ ࡞ۀλΠϜ APIͷCRUDΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 187

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16࣌05෼·Ͱٳܜ 188

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ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 189

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ORMͱ͸Object-Relational MappingͷུশͰ͢ɻ LaravelͰ͸Eloquentͱݺ͹ΕΔORM͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ RailsͰ͸Active Record͕࢖ΘΕ͍ͯ·͢ɻ ࢼ͠ʹapp/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php ΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ ͜͜Ͱ͸CommentΫϥε͕ORMͷ໾ׂΛՌ͍ͨͯ͠·͢ɻ ࢀߟࢿྉ:ʮEloquent:ར༻ͷ։࢝ʯhttps://readouble.com/laravel/6.x/ja/eloquent.html ORMʹ͍ͭͯ؆୯ʹ঺հ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 190 public function show($id) { return Comment::findOrFail($id); }

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ORMΛ࢖༻͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɺҎԼͷΑ͏ͳԸܙΛड͚Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢ɻ 1. SQLΛॻ͔ͣ௚ײతʹDBΛૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ 2. ϦϨʔγϣϯΛ࢖ͬͨૢ࡞ָ͕ʹॻ͚Δ 3. SQLΠϯδΣΫγϣϯͳͲͷ߈ܸʹରͯࣗ͠ಈͰ๷͍Ͱ͘ΕΔ 4. औಘͨ͠σʔλ͕ΦϒδΣΫτͳͷͰฤू͕͠΍͍͢ ORMͷར఺ʹ͍ͭͯ঺հ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 191

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σʔλΛऔಘ͢Δ৔߹ͷྫ(SELECT) ҎԼ͸ಉٛͰ͢ɻ SQLΛॻ͔ͣ௚ײతʹDBΛૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 192 SELECT * FROM comments; SELECT * FROM comments where id = 1; App\Comment::all(); App\Comment::where(‘id’, 1)->get(); SQL ORM

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σʔλΛ௥Ճ͢Δ৔߹ͷྫ(INSERT) ҎԼ͸ಉٛͰ͢ɻ SQLΛॻ͔ͣ௚ײతʹDBΛૢ࡞Ͱ͖Δ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 193 INSERT INTO comments VALUE ( name = ‘tosite’, content = ‘body text’, email = ‘sample@example.com’ ); $params = [name => ‘tosite’, content => ‘body text’, email => ‘sample@example.com’,]; (new Comments())->fill($params)->save(); SQL ORM

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app/Http/Controllers/CommentController.php ΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ findOrFailϝιου͸֘౰͢ΔϨίʔυ͕ݟ͔ͭΒͳ͍࣌ɺࣗಈͰ404 HTTPϨεϙϯεΛฦͯ͘͠Ε·͢ɻ ͳͷͰ͜ͷϝιουΛ࢖༻͢Ε͹Θ͟Θ͟໌֬ʹ404ϨεϙϯεΛฦ͢ίʔυΛॻ͘ඞཁ͸͋Γ·ͤΜɻ ͜ͷ৔߹͸API TesterͰଘࡏ͠ͳ͍IDΛࢦఆͯ͠ϦΫΤετΛ͢ΔͱࣗಈͰ404͕ฦ͖ͬͯ·͢ɻ findOrFail ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 194 public function show($id) { return Comment::findOrFail($id); } ORM

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findOrFail ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 195

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UserϞσϧͱCommentϞσϧ͕1ରNͷؔ܎ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱԾఆ͠·͢ɻ (※commentsςʔϒϧ಺ʹuser_idΛอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ৔߹) ϦϨʔγϣϯΛ࢖ͬͨૢ࡞ָ͕ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 196 User hasOne = 1:1 hasMany = 1:N belongsTo = N:1 belongsToMany = N:N Comment Comment Comment User has many Comments

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UserϞσϧͱCommentϞσϧ͕1ରNͷؔ܎ʹͳ͍ͬͯΔͱԾఆ͠·͢ɻ (※commentsςʔϒϧ಺ʹuser_idΛอ͍࣋ͯ͠Δ৔߹) ϦϨʔγϣϯΛ࢖ͬͨૢ࡞ָ͕ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 197 class User extends Model { public function comments() { return $this->hasMany('App\Comment'); } }

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σʔλΛऔಘ͢Δ৔߹ͷྫ(SELECT) ҎԼ͸ಉٛͰ͢ɻ ϦϨʔγϣϯΛ࢖ͬͨૢ࡞ָ͕ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 198 SELECT * FROM users LEFT JOIN commnets ON comments.user_id = users.user_id User::comments(); SQL ORM

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※੺͘৭Λ෇͚͍ͯΔ෦෼ʹ੬ऑੑ͕જΜͰ͍·͢ɻ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 199 $res = pg_query( $dbconn, “select * from users where id = ‘{$_POST[‘id’]}’ and password = ‘{$_POST[‘password’]}’”, ); Users::where(‘id’, $_POST[‘id’])->where(‘password’, $_POST[‘password’])->get(); SQL + PHP ORM

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WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ࣮ߦ͞ΕΔSQLจʹ͓͍ͯɺϢʔβʔ͔Βͷ ೖྗΛར༻͢Δ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍Ͱ͢ɻ - ྫ͑͹ձһ੍αΠτͰϩάΠϯΛߦ͏৔߹ - Ϣʔβʔ͔ΒID/ύεϫʔυΛड͚औΔ - ड͚औͬͨจࣈྻΛݩʹձһςʔϒϧʹରͯ͠SQLจΛൃߦ͢Δ - ͔͠͠ͳ͕ΒɺϢʔβʔ͸ળҙͷϢʔβʔ͹͔ΓͰ͸ͳ͍ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 200

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ઌ΄ͲͷྫΛݩʹߟ͑ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ Ωʔϫʔυ͸ʮϢʔβʔ͔ΒͷೖྗΛશ໘తʹ৴͡Δͱ௧͍໨ʹૺ͏ʯͰ͢ɻ ͜ͷΑ͏ʹSQLΛվม͢Δ߈ܸΛʮSQLΠϯδΣΫγϣϯ߈ܸʯͱݴ͍·͢ɻ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 201 # ϩάΠϯ࣌ͷೝূͰ࢖༻͢ΔSQLจΛ࣍ͷΑ͏ʹ࡞੒͍ͯͨ͠ͱ͢Δ $res = pg_query( $dbconn, “select * from users where id = ‘{$_POST[‘id’]}’ and password = ‘{$_POST[‘password’]}”, ); # Ծʹ$_POST[‘id’]ʹʮ' or '1' = '1';-- ʯͱ͍͏஋͕౉͞Εͨ৔߹ɺҎԼͷΫΤϦ͕ൃߦ͞ΕΔ # ҎԼͷΫΤϦ͸྘৭ͷ෦෼͕ඞͣ੒ཱͯ͠͠·͏ͨΊɺશϢʔβʔͷ৘ใΛݕࡧͰ͖Δ SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = ‘’ or ‘1’ = ‘1’;-- ’ and password = ‘foo’; SQL + PHP

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Ͱ͸SQLΠϯδΣΫγϣϯΛͲͷΑ͏ʹ๷͙ͷ͔ʁΛݟͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ େ੾ͳͷ͸ʮϓϦϖΞυεςʔτϝϯτʯΛར༻͢Δͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ͢ɻ ϓϦϖΞυεςʔτϝϯτΛ࢖͏ϝϦοτ - σʔλϕʔεʹ४උ͞Ε͍ͯΔػೳͰɺSQLจͷ૊ΈཱͯࢧԉΛߦͬͯ͘ΕΔ - SQLจ಺ͷՄม෦෼Λൈ͖ग़ͯ͠ɺͦ͜ʹରͯ͠஋ͷઃఆΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δ - ஋Λઃఆ͢ΔࡍʹΤεέʔϓॲཧ͕࣮ࢪ͞ΕΔ - ܕνΣοΫ͕ߦΘΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 202 $res = pg_query( $dbconn, ‘select * from users where id = $1 and password = $2’, array($_POST[‘id’], $_POST[‘password’]) );

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΋͏Ұͭͷํ๏ͱͯ͠ɺORMΛར༻͢Δͱ͍͏ํ๏͕͋Γ·͢ɺ ORMΛ࢖͏ϝϦοτ - ORM͸಺෦తʹϓϦϖΞυεςʔτϝϯτΛར༻͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕΄ͱΜͲ - ஋Λઃఆ͢ΔࡍʹΤεέʔϓॲཧ͕࣮ࢪ͞ΕΔ - ܕνΣοΫ͕ߦΘΕΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 203 User::where(‘id’, ‘tosite’)->where(‘password’, ‘password1234’)->first();

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݁࿦ - SQLͷ૊ΈཱͯͰจࣈྻ࿈͚݁ͩ͸ઈରʹͯ͠͸͍͚ͳ͍ - ֎෦͔Βͷೖྗ͸৴ͯ͡͸͍͚ͳ͍ ηΩϡϦςΟରࡦ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 204

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Q. Ͱ͸ORMΛੵۃతʹ࢖ͬͨ΄͏͕͍͍ͷ͔ʁ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 205

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ҎԼͷέʔε͕֘౰͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢ɻ 1. ෳ਺ͷςʔϒϧΛ·͙ͨॲཧΛORMͰ࣮૷Λ͠Α͏ͱ͢Δͱ ࣮૷͕೉͘͠ͳΔέʔε 1. ORMͷཪଆͰൃߦ͍ͯ͠ΔSQL͕ҙਤͤͣN+1໰୊ΛҾ͖ى͜͢έʔε A. ৔߹ʹΑΔɻORMΛ࢖Θͳ͍ํ͕ྑ͍৔߹΋౰વ͋Δɻ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 206

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N+1໰୊ΛҾ͖ى͜͢έʔε ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 207 # ORM class Comment extends Model { public function user() { return $this->belongsTo('App\User'); } } # Controller $comments = Comment::all(); foreach ($comments as $comment) { echo $comment->user; }

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ϖʔδΛදࣔ͢ΔͨͼʹҎԼͷΫΤϦ͕ൃߦ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ ͜Ε͸ $comments->user ͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔ౓ʹSQL͕ൃߦ͞ΕΔ͜ͱʹىҼ͠·͢ɻ ΋ͪΖΜɺORMଆͰରࡦ͢Δ͜ͱ͸ՄೳͰ͢ɻ N+1໰୊ΛҾ͖ى͜͢έʔε ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 208 select * from comments; select * from users where id = 1; select * from users where id = 2; select * from users where id = 3; -- ҎԼϨίʔυ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ෼͚ͩΫΤϦ͕ൃߦ͞ΕΔ $comments = Comment::with('user')->get(); foreach ($comments as $ comment) { echo $comment->user }

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ORMΛ࢖ͬͨํ๏͚ͩΛཧղ͢ΔͷͰ͸ͳ͘ɺཪଆͰൃߦ͞ΕΔSQLͷҙຯΛ ཧղ͢ΔͨΊʹ΋ɺૉͷSQLΛ͔ͬ͠Γॻ͚ΔΑ͏ʹֶͼ·͠ΐ͏! ·ͱΊ ORMͷΑ΋΍·࿩ 209

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16࣌45෼·Ͱٳܜ 210

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ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 211

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Validationͳ͠ͷ৔߹ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 212 WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ར༻ऀͷݸਓ৘ใ ѱҙΛ࣋ͬͨϢʔβʔ ѱҙͷ͋ΔϦΫΤετ ਖ਼ৗͳϨεϙϯε ਖ਼ৗͳϦΫΤετͩͱצҧ͍ͯ͠ ਖ਼ৗͳϨεϙϯεΛฦͯ͠͠·͏ ݁Ռɺଞਓͷݸਓ৘ใʹΞΫηε ͞Εͯ৘ใΛ࣋ͪग़͞ΕΔ

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Validation͋Γͷ৔߹ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 213 WebΞϓϦέʔγϣϯ ѱҙΛ࣋ͬͨϢʔβʔ ѱҙͷ͋ΔϦΫΤετ ѱҙͷ͋ΔϦΫΤετ͸ࣄલʹ ๷͕ΕΔ ར༻ऀͷݸਓ৘ใ

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- HTTPϦΫΤετͰड͚औΔೖྗ͕ࣗ෼ͷ૝ఆ௨Γʹ͘Δͱࢥ͍ࠐ·ͳ͍ - ྫ͑͹HTMLͷηϨΫτϘοΫεͷબ୒ࢶͱͯ͠ʮ1ʯʮ10ʯʮ50ʯΛ ४උ͍ͯͨ͠৔߹ʹ͜ͷ3ͭͷ஋͔͠དྷͳ͍ͱࢥͬͨΒେؒҧ͍ - ߈ܸऀ͸ૉ௚ʹϒϥ΢βͰϦΫΤετͳΜ͔͠ͳ͍ - Ͳͷϒϥ΢β͔ΒͷΞΫηεͳͷ͔Λද͢User-Agentͱ͍͏΋ͷ΋ ِ૷Մೳ - ૬ख͕ຊ౰ʹ Chrome Λ࢖͍ͬͯΔ͔͸Θ͔Βͳ͍ ֎෦͔Βͷೖྗ͸৴ͯ͡͸͍͚ͳ͍ʢେࣄͳ͜ͱͳͷͰ2ճ͈́ʣ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 214

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- ةݥͩͱ൑அͨ͠΋ͷΛແ֐Խ͢Δ͜ͱΛʮαχλΠζʯͱ͍͏ - ׬શʹαχλΠζ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱࢥ͓͍ͬͯͨ΄͏͕ྑ͍ - ߈ܸऀ͸͞Βʹ޼ົʹ஋Λِ૷ͯ͘͠Δ - ෆໟͳΠλνͬ͜͝Λ͢ΔΑΓ΋ո͍͠΋ͷ͸ड͚෇͚ͣʹڋ൱͢Δ ո͍͠΋ͷ͸ड͚෇͚ͳ͍ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 215

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ո͍͠΋ͷ͸ड͚෇͚ͳ͍ - ֎෦͔ΒͷೖྗΛ࢖ͬͯͦͷ··SQLΛ૊ΈཱͯΔ - ʮSQLΠϯδΣΫγϣϯʯ͕ى͖Δ - ֎෦͔ΒͷೖྗΛ࢖࣮ͬͯߦ͢ΔίϚϯυΛ૊ΈཱͯΔ - ʮίϚϯυΠϯδΣΫγϣϯʯ͕ى͖Δ - ֎෦͔ΒͷೖྗΛ࢖ͬͯHTMLΛग़ྗͯ͠͠·͏ - ʮΫϩεαΠτεΫϦϓςΟϯά(XSS)ʯ͕ى͖Δ ֎෦͔ΒͷೖྗΛ৴͡ΔͱͲ͏ͳΔͷ͔ʁ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 216

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֎෦͔Βͷೖྗ͸৴ͯ͡͸͍͚ͳ͍ʢ3ճ໨ʣ - ո͍͠ͱࢥΘΕΔೖྗ͸ແ֐Խͯ͠࢖͏ͷͰ͸ͳ͘ ͦ͏͍͏ೖྗ͸ڋ൱͢Δ - Τϥʔѻ͍ʹ͢Δ ݁࿦ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 217

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ValidationʹҾ͔͔ͬΔΑ͏ʹAPIΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 218 Selected Method put/patch Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters name: ࣗ෼ content: ʢۭʣ ֬ೝ

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ҎԼͷύϥϝʔλΛೖྗޙɺSUBMITΛԡ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ValidationʹҾ͔͔ͬΔΑ͏ʹAPIΛ࣮ߦ͢Δ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 219 Selected Method put/patch Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters name: ࣗ෼ content: ʢۭʣ ֬ೝ 422 The content field is required.

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ࠓͷValidationͷ࣮૷ΛΈͯΈΑ͏ app/Http/Request/Comments/Post.php ΛVSCodeͰ։͍ͯΈ·͠ΐ͏ɻ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 220 public function rules() { return [ 'name' => 'required', // nameύϥϝʔλ͸ඞਢೖྗ 'content' => 'required', // contentύϥϝʔλ͸ඞਢೖྗ ]; } ֬ೝ

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ValidationͷυΩϡϝϯτΛݟͯϧʔϧ௥Ճ͠Α͏ min:஋ = ࢦఆ͞Εͨ஋Ҏ্Ͱ͋Δ͜ͱΛόϦσʔτ͠·͢ɻ max:஋ = ࢦఆ͞Εͨ஋ҎԼͰ͋Δ͜ͱΛόϦσʔτ͠·͢ɻ ࢀߟࢿྉɿόϦσʔγϣϯʹ͍ͭͯ https://readouble.com/laravel/6.x/ja/validation.html ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 221 public function rules() { return [ 'name' => 'required|min:5|max:10', 'content' => 'required', ]; }

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nameʹ4จࣈ·ͨ͸11จࣈͷจࣈྻೖΕࣦͯഊ͢ΔͷΛ֬ೝ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ όϦσʔγϣϯΛࣦഊͤ͞Δ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ 222 Selected Method put/patch Uri /api/comments/ {id} Parameters name: ࣗ෼ content: ʢۭʣ ֬ೝ 422 The content field is required.

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ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ֬ೝ 223

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17:30 ·Ͱ֤ࣗͰ࡞ۀΛ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ Θ͔Βͳ͍͜ͱ͕͋ͬͨΒɺԕྀͳ͘zoomͷνϟοτʹʲ࣭໰ʳΛ͚ͭͯίϝϯτ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ɻ ͦΕҎ֎ͷίϝϯτ΋େৎ෉Ͱ͢! ΍Δ͜ͱ ɾίϝϯτΛۭʹͨ͠ϦΫΤετ͕ࣦഊ͢Δ͜ ͱΛ֬ೝ͢Δ ɾόϦσʔγϣϯͷॲཧΛ௥Ճ͢Δ ɾจࣈ਺ͷόϦσʔγϣϯʹҾ͔͔ͬΔϦΫΤ ετΛૹΔ ֬ೝ ɾεςʔλε422ͰΤϥʔʹͳͬͨΒOKʂ ࡞ۀλΠϜ ValidationΛ࣮૷͠Α͏ ࡞ۀ 224

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2೔໨ऴྃʙʂ WebΞϓϦϑϨʔϜϫʔΫೖ໳ REST API ೖ໳ ݚम͸ऴྃͰ͢ʂ͓ർΕ༷Ͱͨ͠ʂ

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τϥϒϧγϡʔςΟϯά 226

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ϋϯζΦϯͰ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ํ͕͍ͨͷͰɺ໰୊੾Γ෼͚ͯ͠௅Έ·͠ΐ͏ɻ - Ͱ͖ΔʢVSCodeͷηοτΞοϓͷ໰୊͔΋ʣ - Remote-SSHΛҰ୴ΞϯΠϯετʔϧɾΠϯετʔϧ͠Α͏ - VSCodeΛҰ୴ΞϯΠϯετʔϧɾΠϯετʔϧ͠Α͏ - Ͱ͖ͳ͍ʢConoHaͷηοτΞοϓͷ໰୊͔΋ʣ - ެ։伴Λαʔόʔʹొ࿥͠Α͏ - ൿີ伴ΛվΊͯChromeͰμ΢ϯϩʔυ͠Α͏ʢݪҼ֬཰͸௿ʣ ֬ೝ : CUIͰConoHaʹssh઀ଓͰ͖·͔͢ʁ Remote-SSHͰConoHaʹ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ 227

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.ssh/config ͷઃఆ͸օͰ͖·ͨ͠Ͷɻ Macͷํ͸TerminalɺWindowsͷํ͸Git BashͰsshͰ͖Δ͔֬ೝ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ֬ೝ : CUIͰConoHaʹssh઀ଓͰ͖·͔͢ʁ Remote-SSHͰConoHaʹ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ 228 ࡞ۀ # ࣮ߦ͢ΔίϚϯυ (.ssh/config ʹొ࿥ͨ͠ Hostname ͕ Conoha ͷ৔߹) ssh Conoha ਖ਼ৗ࣌ͷը໘

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ίϚϯυΛ࣮ߦͯ͠ެ։伴Λొ࿥͠·͢ɻࣄલʹҎԼͷ3ͭΛ֬ೝ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ - ൿີ伴ͷPath (.ssh/config ʹॻ͍ͯ͋ΔΑ) - ConoHaͷIP (.ssh/config ʹॻ͍ͯ͋ΔΑ) - ConoHaͷrootύεϫʔυ ެ։伴Λαʔόʔʹొ࿥͠Α͏ Remote-SSHͰConoHaʹ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ 229 ࡞ۀ # ൿີ伴͕ར༻Ͱ͖ɺެ։伴Λੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ͔֬ೝ͢ΔίϚϯυ ssh-keygen -y -f <ൿີ伴ͷPath>

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ެ։伴Λੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ͜ͱΛ֬ೝͨ͠ΒConoHaʹొ࿥͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ ެ։伴Λαʔόʔʹొ࿥͠Α͏ Remote-SSHͰConoHaʹ઀ଓͰ͖ͳ͍ 230 ࡞ۀ # ࣮ߦ͢ΔίϚϯυ ssh-keygen -y -f <ൿີ伴ͷPath> | ssh root@ 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys' # ࣮ߦͨ͠ΒrootύεϫʔυΛฉ͔ΕΔͷͰೖྗͯ͠EnterΩʔΛԡ͢ # ໰୊ͳͦ͞͏Ͱ͋Ε͹ɺ࠶ͼConoHaʹssh઀ଓͯ͠ΈΑ͏