Prototyping Layout with CSS Grid - Refresh DC

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Prototyping Layout with CSS Grid Refresh DC • September 2017

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Hello! Jess Eldredge  Senior web developer, Slate @jessabean

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Grid system:  the foundation of design

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Design challenge

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Our requirements • Responsive: grid context changes across breakpoints • Use CSS Grid! • Fallback for browsers that don’t support grid

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What is CSS Grid?

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Floats: ﬂoat containers left/right, no equal heights, remember to clear!

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Flexbox: 1 dimension, anything in a straight line, distribute space evenly

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CSS Grid: 2 dimensions, children can be positioned anywhere

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Planning layout

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Setting up the grid

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Markup for grid 1

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Centering our content wrapper .wrapper { max-width: 20em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } @media screen and min-width(48em) { .wrapper { max-width: 38em; } } @media screen and min-width(64em) { .wrapper { max-width: 55em; } }

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Setting up grid: display .grid { display: grid; }

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Setting up grid: columns .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; }

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Setting up grid: columns .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } 1fr 1fr 1fr;

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Setting up grid: columns .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } 1fr 1fr 1fr; 1fr 2fr 1fr;

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Setting up grid: columns .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } 1fr 1fr 1fr; 1fr 2fr 1fr; 100px 25% 1fr;

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Setting up grid: columns .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); }

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Setting up grid: rows .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr); }

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Setting up grid: rows .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr); } // Alternative syntax: // grid-template-rows: 75px 125px; // grid-template-rows: 100px 1fr;

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Setting up grid: gutters .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; }

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Setting up grid: gutters .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-gap: 0.75em; // grid-row-gap: 0.75em;

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Setting up grid: gutters .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-gap: 0.75em; // grid-row-gap: 0.75em;

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr); } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(15, 1fr); grid-gap: 1.25em; } } Responsive grid settings

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DEMO: Basic grid

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DEMO: Basic grid

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DEMO: Basic grid

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Placing items on the grid

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Placing grid items .grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } // Alternative shorthand: // grid-column: 1 / 7;

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Placing grid items .grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } // Alternative shorthand: // grid-column: 1 / 7;

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Placing grid items .grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } // Alternative shorthand: // grid-column: 1 / 7;

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Placing grid items .grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } // Alternative shorthand: // grid-column: 1 / 7;

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Shorthand: span syntax .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6;  }

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Shorthand: span syntax .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6;  } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-start: 1; // grid-column-end: span 6;

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DEMO: Grid 1 small screen

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Explicit vs implicit grid .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6; }

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Explicit vs implicit grid .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6; }

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Explicit vs implicit grid .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6; }

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Explicit vs implicit grid .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6; }

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Placing ﬁrst items on the grid .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 9; } .see-more { grid-column: 10 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em)

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Placing ﬁrst items on the grid .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 9; } .see-more { grid-column: 10 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em)

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Explicitly place link in the ﬁrst row .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 9; grid-row: 1; } .see-more { grid-column: 10 / span 3; grid-row: 1; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em)

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Placing quotes on the grid @media screen and (min-width: 48em) .quote-1 { grid-column: 1 / span 12; } .quote-2 { grid-column: 1 / span 4; } .quote-3 { grid-column: 5 / span 4; } .quote-4 { grid-column: 9 / span 4; }

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DEMO: Grid 1 small screen

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Placing heading and link again .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 12; } .see-more { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 64em)

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Placing quotes .quote-1 { grid-column: 1 / span 12; } .quote-2 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } .quote-3 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } .quote-4 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 64em)

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Spanning rows .quote-1 { grid-column: 1 / span 12; grid-row: 2 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 64em)

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DEMO: Grid 1 small screen

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Adding ﬂexbox media object

.media { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .media-content { flex: 1 1 auto; } html css

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DEMO: Grid 1 items with media

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Markup for grid 2

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Medium screens: placing quotes .quote-5 { grid-column: 1 / span 6; } .quote-6 { grid-column: 7 / span 3; } .quote-7 { grid-column: 10 / span 3; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em)

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Large screens: placing quotes @media screen and (min-width: 64em) .quote-5 { grid-column: 9 / span 7; } .quote-6 { grid-column: 1 / span 4; } .quote-7 { grid-column: 5 / span 4; }

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Revisiting the implicit grid

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CSS Grid auto placement • Explicit grid  Rules dictated by grid-template-*, grid-column, grid-gap, etc. • Implicit grid  CSS Grid creates new tracks for the items that fall out of explicitly deﬁned bounds • grid-auto-ﬂow  The property that controls the auto-placement algorithm for the implicit grid

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/OxLwdB .demo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-flow: row; } .item1 { grid-column: 2 / span 1; }

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/yzBqry .demo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-flow: column; } .item1 { grid-column: 2 / span 1; }

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/yzBqry .item3 { grid-row: 3; } .demo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-flow: column; } .item1 { grid-column: 2 / span 1; }

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/jGNpRg .demo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-flow: row dense; } .item1 { grid-column: 2 / span 1; }

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/YrzKLX .demo-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(3, 1fr); grid-auto-flow: column dense; } .item1 { grid-column: 2 / span 1; } .item3 { grid-row: 3; }

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Update auto-ﬂow mode for Dave Chappelle’s grid .grid-2 { grid-auto-flow: row dense; }

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DEMO: Final layout with both grids

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We did it!!! Did we?

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Nested grids aren’t aware of parent tracks .quote-5 { display: grid; }

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Nested grids aren’t aware of parent tracks .quote-5 { display: grid; } grid-template-columns:?????;

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Nested grid inception .quote-5 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(7, 1fr); } @media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .quote-5 { … } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .quote-5 { … } }

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Subgrid doesn’t exist in the Level 1 spec yet

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Re-inventing the grid

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We need to calculate “1fr” explicitly .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr); } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .grid{ grid-template-columns: repeat(15, 1fr); grid-gap: 1.25em; } }

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Step 1: The 3 magic ingredients

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Establish settings for each breakpoint in a Sass map $grid-config: ( sm: ( ), md: ( ), lg: ( ) );

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Establish settings for each breakpoint in a Sass map $grid-config: ( sm: ( ), md: ( ), lg: ( ) ); container: 20em, column-count: 6, gutter: 0.75em

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Establish settings for each breakpoint in a Sass map $grid-config: ( sm: ( ), md: ( ), lg: ( ) ); container: 20em, column-count: 6, gutter: 0.75em container: 38em, column-count: 12, gutter: 0.75em container: 55em, column-count: 15, gutter: 1.25em

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Step 2: Calculate “1fr”

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A function to calculate the width of 1 column @function calc-column-width($container, $column-count, $gutter) { }

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A function to calculate the width of 1 column @function calc-column-width($container, $column-count, $gutter) { } $total-gutters = ($column-count - 1) * $gutter;

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A function to calculate the width of 1 column @function calc-column-width($container, $column-count, $gutter) { } $total-gutters = ($column-count - 1) * $gutter; $column-width = ($container - $total-gutters) / $column-count;

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Step 3: Calculate column span

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A function to calculate the column span // Calculate a fixed width that spans columns defined by CSS Grid @function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { }

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Assigning breakpoint settings object to a variable @function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } // Get the $grid-config settings for the specified breakpoint $settings: map-get($grid-config, $breakpoint); $settings: ( container-width: 20em, column-count: 6, gutter-size: 0.75em )

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Fetching container width, column count, and gutter width @function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } … // Get the individual properties nested in the breakpoint $container: map-get($settings, container); $column-count: map-get($settings, column-count); $gutter: map-get($settings, gutter); $container: 20em; $totalcolumns: 6; $gutter: 0.75em;

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Using our column width function @function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } … … // Calculate individual column size based on config settings $column-width: calc-column-width($container, $column-count, $gutter);

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@function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } Calculating total width of spanned columns @return ($column-width * $column-span) + ($gutter * ($column-span - 1)); … … …

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@function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } Calculating total width of spanned columns @return ($column-width * $column-span) + ($gutter * ($column-span - 1)); … … … width of columns

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@function span-columns($breakpoint, $column-span) { } Calculating total width of spanned columns @return ($column-width * $column-span) + ($gutter * ($column-span - 1)); … … … width of columns width of gutters +

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Step 4: Use span-columns function

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Using our function to span our grid columns .media-2 { flex-direction: row; } .media-2 .media-image { flex-basis: span-columns(lg, 4); }

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DEMO: Final FINAL layout with 2 grids

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Progressive enhancement

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Autopreﬁxer for CSS Grid: not recommended autoprefixer( { grid: false } ); IE limitations No auto-placement of grid items. No grid-gap support. No shorthand support for column start / end. No grid template areas.

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Using feature queries to target CSS Grid at modern browsers @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here }

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Using feature queries to target CSS Grid at modern browsers @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here } .grid { display: flex; }

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Additional styles for the ﬂexbox fallback .grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-direction: column; margin-top: -0.375em; margin-left: -0.375em; margin-right: -0.375em; } .grid > * { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0.375em; }

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Using our span-columns function to set width/ﬂex-basis .grid { flex-direction: row; } .quote-1 { width: 100%; } .quote-2, .quote-3, .quote-4 { width: span-columns(md, 4); } @media screen and (min-width: 48em)

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Setting widths at the largest breakpoint .quote-1 { width: span-columns(lg, 12); } .quote-2, .quote-3, .quote-4 { width: span-columns(lg, 3); } @media screen and (min-width: 64em)

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Flexbox cannot handle 2-dimensional layout

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Revisiting the ﬂexbox design: a diﬀerent experience for IE

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There is a lot more to CSS Grid

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• Naming column lines • grid-auto-rows/grid-auto-columns • grid-template-areas • auto-ﬁll and auto-ﬁt • minmax More CSS Grid features

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• Source order and semantics are still important • We should use grid placement for visual display, but be mindful of document order for speech and keyboard navigation • Tab order will follow document order, not visual order CSS Grid and accessibility

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You can use CSS Grid TODAY

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https://codepen.io/jessabean/pen/dzgRZW

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http://labs.jensimmons.com/2017/01-005.html

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https://gridsetapp.com/specs/fonmon/?gridset=show

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The deﬁnition of “grid system” will change

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https://www.rachelandrew.co.uk/archives/2017/07/01/you-do-not-need-a-css-grid-based-grid-system/

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– Miriam Suzanne http://oddbird.net/2017/06/28/susy3/ “If you have the browser-support matrix to start using the CSS Grid module directly, you should do it, and forget about Susy.”

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Resources • Rachel Andrew: https://gridbyexample.com/learn/ • Jen Simmons: http://jensimmons.com/post/feb-27-2017/learn-css-grid • MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout • Igalia: https://blogs.igalia.com/mrego/2015/02/25/grid-auto-placement-is-ready/

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Thank you! Links to demo code https://glitch.com/~grid-prototype-refresh-dc    https://github.com/jessabean/grid-prototype-refresh-dc Slides https://speakerdeck.com/jessabean/prototyping-layout-with-css-grid-refreshdc  @jessabean | [email protected]