Rustとtonicで始める gRPC再入門

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Rustͱ tonicͰ࢝ΊΔ gRPC࠶ೖ໳ Advanced guide for development gRPC service with Rust and tonic. Gunma.web #50 ςʔϚϑϦʔ 2023.09.10 @ Takasaki Met., Empire of Gunma Tsubasa SEKIGUCHI

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TinyKitten Freelance frontend engineer I 💖 OSS & Cat🐈 Born in Gunma🐴 Live in Tokyo🗼

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Tsubasa SEKIGUCHI ౎಺Λڌ఺ͱ͢Δ܈അݝલڮࢢੜ·ΕͷϑϦʔϥϯεͷ   ϑϩϯτΤϯυΤϯδχΞɻ ͖ͬͨΜͱݺ͹Ε͍ͯ·͢ɻ

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೥ͿΓʹ໊ࢗͷσβΠϯΛߋ৽͠·ͨ͠ɻ

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NFCνοϓ͕͋Γ·͢ ࠓൃදͰ࢖༻͍ͯ͠ΔMacBook Airͷఱ൘ʹషΒΕͨεςοΧʔͷཪଆʹ NFCνοϓΛຒΊࠐΜͰ͍·͢ɻ   ձ৔ࢀՃͷํ͸NFCରԠεϚϗͰੋඇ͓ࢼ͍ͩ͘͠͞ɻ ࣮͸໊ࡳʹ΋/'$λάΛજ·͍ͤͯ·͢ɻ

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TrainLCD ೔ຊશࠃͷమಓ࿏ઢͰ࢖͑Δ ৽ײ֮ͷφϏήʔγϣϯΞϓϦͰ͢ɻ

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ిޫܝࣔ൘෩ςʔϚ ۙ೔഑৴༧ఆ ˞ը૾͸։ൃதͷ΋ͷͰ͢ɻ

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J1BE04ɺJ04൛͕͠ΕͬͱφϏήʔγϣϯΧςΰϦͰҐҎ಺ʹϥϯΫΠϯͯ͠·ͨ͠

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TrainLCDͷݪܕதͷݪܕͷΞϓϦʹؔͯ͠ͷηογϣϯΛͨ͠ࡍͷ഑৴͕YouTubeʹ͋Γ·͢

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˞͜ͷ23ίʔυ͸ಈతʹ63-ΛมߋͰ͖ΔͨΊɺࠓޙϦϯΫ͕ػೳ͠ͳ͘ͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢

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ࠓճͷLTͰ࿩͢ൣғ લճ(Gunma.web #49) ͷଓ͖   લճݟ͍ͯͳ͍ํ΋Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹਐΊ·͢   ۩ମతʹ͸RustΛ࢖͍͍ͬͨͩͨ۩ମతͳ࣮૷ͱ͔ɻ   લճͷηογϣϯ͸Speaker Deckʹ্͕ͬͯ·͢ɻ

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ࠓճͷLTͰ࿩͢ൣғ લճ(Gunma.web #49) ͷଓ͖   લճݟ͍ͯͳ͍ํ΋Θ͔ΔΑ͏ʹਐΊ·͢   ۩ମతʹ͸RustΛ࢖͍͍ͬͨͩͨ۩ମతͳ࣮૷ͱ͔ɻ   લճͷηογϣϯ͸Speaker Deckʹ্͕ͬͯ·͢ɻ ˞͜ͷ23ίʔυ͸ಈతʹ63-ΛมߋͰ͖ΔͨΊɺࠓޙϦϯΫ͕ػೳ͠ͳ͘ͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢

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ࠓճͷLTͰ࿩͞ͳ͍ൣғ ϋϯζΦϯͰ͖ΔϨϕϧͷ࣮૷ͷ࿩   ͔Μ΂Μ͍ͯͩ͘͠͞ README.mdʹॻ͍ͯ͋Δఔ౓ͷ஌ࣝ   10෼Ͱ͸͕࣌ؒ଍Γ·ͤΜ JSͷόϯυϧαΠζͰ͸ͳ͘ମॏΛݮΒ͢ํ๏   ૫ͤΔͨΊͷ͕࣌ؒͳ͍Ͱ͢ ਅ໷தʹ΍Δؾ͕ग़Δݱ৅ʹ͍ͭͯ   ͜ͷεϥΠυ͸େମ࢓ࣄ͕ऴΘͬͯՋʹͳͬͨ໷தʹ࡞ͬͯ·͢

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Introduction جૅ஌ࣝ

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લճͷ͓͞Β͍ GoogleࣾͷߟҊͨ͠RPCϓϩτίϧ   RPC͸Remote Procedure Call(ԕִखଓ͖ݺͼग़͠ ͷུͰ͢   gRPC͸ࣗࣾϚΠΫϩαʔϏεؒͰͷ಺੡γεςϜʮStubbyʯ͕લ਎ IDL͔Β༷ʑͳݴޠͷίʔυ͕ੜ੒Ͱ͖Δ   ΋ͪΖΜJavaScript΋ՄೳͰ͢ gRPC-webͰWebϒϥ΢β͔ΒgRPCαʔόʔΛୟ͚Δ   8FCϒϥ΢βͰͷ࢖༻Ͱ͸੍ݶ͕͋Δ   αʔόʔͱͷʮ௚઀ʯ௨৴͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ʢجຊతʹ&OWPZ౳ͷϓϩΩγͷ༻ҙ͕ඞཁʣ   Bi-directional streaming(C/SؒͰ೚ҙͷλΠϛϯάͰ௨৴͕Ͱ͖Δ)ʹରԠ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍

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ࠓճͷϓϩμΫγϣϯͳ୊ࡐ TrainLCDΞϓϦͷAPI࣮૷ʮStationAPIʯ   TrainLCDͱ͍͏ΞϓϦΛझຯͰ࡞͍ͬͯ·͢ɻ  ͜ͷΞϓϦͷAPIαʔόʔͷStationAPI͕͋Γɺ  ͜ͷStationAPIΛ୊ࡐͱͯ͠஌ݟΛڞ༗͠·͢ɻ  ͳ͓ɺStationAPI͸਺ϲ݄લʹNestJSΛ࢖ͬͨGraphQLαʔόʔͱͯ͠Քಇ͍ͤͯͯ͞ɺ  NestJSͱApollo Server(GraphQL)ͷελοΫΛ  Rust+tonic(gRPC)ʹҠߦ׬ྃͨ͠ͱ͜ΖͰ͢ɻ ˞͜ͷ23ίʔυ͸ಈతʹ63-ΛมߋͰ͖ΔͨΊɺࠓޙϦϯΫ͕ػೳ͠ͳ͘ͳΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢

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ࠓճ঺հ͢ΔελοΫ

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Rustͱ͸ ݴΘͣͱ஌Εͨϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠ   CݴޠɺC++ʹ୅ΘΔγεςϜϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠΛ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠Δ GCͳΜͯ΋ͷ͸ͳ͍   GCͳ͠ͰͷϝϞϦ҆શੑΛอূ͍ͯ͠Δ   ($ͷΑ͏ͳػߏ͕ඞཁͳ৔໘Ͱ͸εϚʔτϙΠϯλΛ࢖༻Մೳ   AtomicͳArcɺͦ͏Ͱ͸ͳ͍Rc͕͋Δ   WebAssemblyʹͩͬͯ࢖͑·͢ ֶशίετߴΊ   आ༻ɺϥΠϑλΠϜͱࠓ·Ͱͳ͔ͬͨ֓೦͕͋Δ͕ɺ   ͦΕΒ͕ϝϞϦ҆શΛୡ੒͍ͤͯ͞Δ

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tonicͱ͸ RustͷgRPC࣮૷   3VTUͰ࢖͑ΔϋΠύϑΥʔϚϯεͰOSSɺ൚༻తͳgRPCϑϨʔϜϫʔΫ ϋΠύϑΥʔϚϯεʹϑΥʔΧε   ଞʹ΋૬ޓӡ༻ੑ͕͋ΓॊೈͳϥΠϒϥϦͱᨳ͍ͬͯΔ - ࢖͍ํʹΑͬͯ͸֎෦ϓϩΩγෆཁ   grpc-webͷαʔόʔͱͯ͠࢖͍͍ͨ৔߹͸ɺtonic-web crate͕͋Γ·͢   tonic-web crateΛ࢖͏͜ͱͰɺϑϨʔϜϫʔΫଆͰHTTP/1.1Λ஻ΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΓ·͢   ͭ·ΓɺEnvoy౳ͷ֎෦ϓϩΩγ͕ෆཁʹͳΓ·͢

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Motivation ͳͥ΍Δͷ͔

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StationAPIϑϧεΫϥονͷϞνϕʔγϣϯ(1/3) NestJSΛ࢖͍ͬͯ·ͨ͠   NestJSͰGraphQLϞδϡʔϧΛ࢖ͬͯGraphQLͷAPIΛ࣮૷͍ͯ͠·ͨ͠ɻ   NestJSࣗମ͸ѱ͘͸ͳ͔ͬͨͰ͢ɻΉ͠Ζਖ਼ࣾһ࣌୅ʹ࢖͍ͬͯͨ   Angularͱߏ଄͕ࣅ͍ͯͯɺϊελϧδʔʹਁΕ·ͨ͠ શવؔ܎ͳ͍ ɻ N+1໰୊ʹͿͪ౰ͨΔ   ΋ͪΖΜɺNestJSͰղܾෆՄೳͳ໰୊Ͱ͸ͳ͍ͷͰ͕͢ɻ   ۙࠒTrainLCDΞϓϦͷϢʔβʔ΋૿͖͑ͯͯɺͲ͏ͤൈຊతʹॻ͖׵͑ΔͳΒ   NestJSʹ᩾ር͢ΔΑΓ΋͏ͪΐͬͱݎ࿚Ͱߴ଎ͳ"1*Λ࡞Γ͔ͨͬͨͷͰ͢ɻ

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͜͜ͰRustʹനӋͷ໼ཱ͕ͭ   աڈʹͪΐͬͱ͚ͩRustͷษڧΛ͍ͯͯ͠ɺݴޠͷઃܭ͕RustͷॳֶϓϩάϥϚʹݫ͍͕͠ɺ   ҆৺ͯ͠ಈ͔ͤΔ্ʹNode.jsΑΓߴ଎ɾ௿ϝϞϦϑοτϓϦϯτͳAPIΛ࡞ΕΔͷͰɺ   ࠓճͷϑϧεΫϥον͸RustͰߦ͏લఏͱͳΓ·ͨ͠ɻ Ͳ͏ͤͳΒgRPC΋ࢼͯ͠ΈΑ͏   gRPCࣗମ͸ҎલΑΓ஌͍ͬͯͯ࠾༻͢Δ͔ܰ͘໎͍·͕ͨ͠ɺैདྷͷGraphQL APIͷ՝୊ͱͯ͠   ʮΞϓϦͷૢ࡞ճͰඞཁͳσʔλ͕ଟͯ͘ΫΤϦ͕ංେԽɺϨεϙϯεσʔλ͕͑͛ͭͳ͍αΠζʹͳΔʯ   ͱ͍͏ͷ΋͋Γͦ΋ͦ΋ΞϓϦͷઃܭࣗମ͕ؒҧ͍ͬͯΔؾ΋͠ͳ͘͸ͳ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺ   εϚϗ޲͚ΞϓϦͰͷ௨৴༰ྔ͕ଟ͍ͷ͸େ͖ͳ՝୊Ͱͨ͠ɻ StationAPIϑϧεΫϥονͷϞνϕʔγϣϯ(2/3)

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gRPCͷϖΠϩʔυ͸όΠφϦ   όΠφϦͰ΍ΓऔΓ͢ΔͷͰɺઌ΄Ͳઆ໌ͨ͠ʮϨεϙϯεσʔλͷංେԽʯʹ͸ޮՌతͦ͏Ͱ͢ΑͶɻ   ChromeͷDevToolsͰ͸όΠφϦͷͨΊ֬ೝ͕͠ΜͲ͔ͬͨΓ͠·͢ɻ Protocol Bu ff ersͰλΠϓηʔϑ   ͪ͜Β͸REST APIͱͷൺֱͰ͕͢ɺ   gRPC APIͱ௨৴͢Δ࣌ʹඞͣProtocol Bu ff ersͷεΩʔϚఆٛΛ࢖༻͢ΔͷͰ   ௨৴͢Δલ͔ΒϦΫΤετͱϨεϙϯεͷܕ͕Θ͔Βͳ͍ɺͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ͳ͘ͳΔ͸ͣͰ͢ɻ   ཁ͢ΔʹREST APIͰ͍͏Swagger͕࠷ॳ͔Β࢖͑Δͱ͍ͬͨΠϝʔδͰ͢ɻ StationAPIϑϧεΫϥονͷϞνϕʔγϣϯ(3/3)

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Implement & Run By Example StationAPIͷ஌ݟΛݩʹ࣮૷ͯ͠࢖ͬͯΈΔ

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Protocol Bu ff ersͰεΩʔϚఆٛΛߦ͏ RustͰ࣮૷ GCPʹσϓϩΠ PostmanͰୟ͍ͯΈΔ ΞϓϦʹͭͳ͗͜Ή લճઆ໌ͨ͠Օॴͱ࿩͕௕͘ͳΔ෦෼͸ඈ͹͠·͢ ͬ͟ͱ΍ͬͨ͜ͱ

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Protocol Bu ff ersͰεΩʔϚఆٛΛߦ͏ RustͰ࣮૷ GCPʹσϓϩΠ PostmanͰୟ͍ͯΈΔ ΞϓϦʹͭͳ͗͜Ή લճઆ໌ͨ͠Օॴͱ࿩͕௕͘ͳΔ෦෼͸ඈ͹͠·͢ ͬ͟ͱ΍ͬͨ͜ͱ

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RustΛ࢖ͬͨ։ൃͷ஌ݟσʔλϕʔεฤ ORM͸ԿΛ࢖ͬͨʁ   ਖ਼֬ʹ͸ORMͰ͸ͳ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺsqlxΛ࢖༻͠·ͨ͠ɻ   Ϣʔεέʔεతʹ͸SQL͚࣮ͩߦͰ͖Ε͹े෼ͰɺORMͩͱΦʔόʔεϖοΫɻ   query!ͷΑ͏ͳϚΫϩΛ࢖͏ͱίϯύΠϧ࣌ʹΫΤϦΛνΣοΫͰ͖·͢ɻ   ϚΫϩҎ֎͸ଞݴޠͷORMͱ͔ʹରͯ͠໌Β͔ʹҧ͏ͱ͜Ζ͸ͳ͍ͱࢥ͍·͢ɻ   ΄͔ʹ΋ɺRustʹ͸dieselͱ͍͏ORM͕͋Γ·͢ɻ   ͜Ε͕σϑΝΫτελϯμʔυʁ

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RustΛ࢖ͬͨ։ൃͷ஌ݟύϑΥʔϚϯεฤ ύϑΥʔϚϯεΛߴΊΔͨΊͷ޻෉͸ʁ   ͍͢͝ॳาతͰ͕͢ɺͳΔ΂͘஋ͷΫϩʔϯΛߦΘͳ͍ͱ͔ɺ   mokaͱ͍͏crateͰӬଓԽͳ͠ͷ   ΠϯϝϞϦΩϟογϡΛ࣮૷͍ͯͨ͠Γ͠·͢ɻ   ༨ஊͰ͕͢ɺmokaͰ͸஋ͷऔಘ࣌ʹclone()͕࣮ߦ͞ΕΔͷͰ   NPLBͰσʔλΛૠೖ͢Δ࣌Arc(ΞτϛοΫࢀরΧ΢ϯτ)Ͱ   ϥοϓ͠ͳ͍ͱߴՁͳdeep copy͕ൃੜ͢ΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γ·͢   େ͖ͳσʔλΛૠೖɾऔಘ͢Δ৔߹͸େมͳ͜ͱʹͳΓ·͢ɻ   ૠೖ͢Δࡍ͸ඞͣArcͰϥοϓ͠·͠ΐ͏ɻ

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gRPC APIΛσϓϩΠ ελοΫʹ͍ͭͯ   StationAPI͸GCPʹશ෦৐͔ͬͬͯ·͢ɻ࢖͍ͬͯΔαʔϏε͸     - Cloud Build  - Cloud Run  - Cloud SQL  - Text-to-Speech AI(5SBJO-$%ΞϓϦͷҡ࣋අͷ಺Ͱ͸Ұ൪ߴֹ)   Firebase  - Firestore/Storage/Messaging/Authentication/Functions/Remote Con fi g   Կʹ࢖͍ͬͯΔ͔͸͜ͷεϥΠυͷൣғ֎ͳͷͰݸผͰฉ͍͍ͯͩ͘͞     ईͷؔ܎Ͱ΄ͱΜͲ঺հͰ͖ͳ͍Ͱ͢🥺

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Cloud Buildͷ࢖͍ಓ ͦ΋ͦ΋Cloud Buildͱ͸ʁ   ໊લͷ௨ΓCI/CDͷCDΛ୲͏αʔϏεɻ   GitHub΁ͷPush౳(PubSubϝοηʔδɺWebhookΠϕϯτ΋Մೳ)Λ   τϦΨʔʹͯ͠ࢦఆͨ͠ίϚϯυΛ૸Βͤͯ͘Ε·͢ɻ   Docker fi le͔Βͦͷ··σϓϩΠ΋ՄೳͰɺ   ΄͔ʹ͸ઐ༻ͷߏ੒ϑΝΠϧ(cloudbuild.yaml)΍   ΠϯϥΠϯͰͷߏ੒͕ՄೳͰ͢ɻ

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Cloud Buildͷ஌ݟRustͷϏϧυ͸஗͍ RustͷϏϧυ͸஗͍   جຊతʹRustͷϏϧυ͸஗͍Ͱ͢ɻ   ͜Ε͸ओ؍Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺΉ͠ΖRustaceanͳΒ   ޱΛἧ͑ͯʮRustͷϏϧυ͸஗͍ʯͱݴ͏Ͱ͠ΐ͏ɻ   RustͷϏϧυ͕஗͍ࠜຊతͳݪҼ͸ஔ͍ͱ͍ͯɺ   Cloud BuildͷϏϧυ΋݁ߏ͕͔͔࣌ؒͬͯ͠·͍·͢ɻ

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Cloud Buildͷ஌ݟRustͷϏϧυΛߴ଎Խ͢Δ KanikoΛ׆༻ͯ͠Ϗϧυ࣌ؒΛ࡟ݮ͢Δ   جຊతʹRustͷϏϧυ͸஗͍͜ͱΛઆ໌͠·ͨ͠   ͦ͜ͰɺKanikoΛCloud Buildʹ࢖ͬͯΈ·͠ΐ͏   Kaniko͸Docker DaemonΛ࢖Θͣʹ   k8sΫϥελ্ͰϏϧυΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖·͢   Cloud Buildͱ૊Έ߹ΘͤΔͱͳΜ΍͔Μ΍ͰΩϟογϡ͞Εͯ   2ճ໨͔ΒϏϧυ͕ര଎ʹͳΓ·͢   StationAPIͰ͸Ϗϧυ͕࣌ؒ20෼͔Β10෼ͱ൒෼ʹͳΓ·ͨ͠

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Cloud Runͷ࢖͍ಓ ͦ΋ͦ΋Cloud Runͱ͸ʁ   ϑϧϚωʔδυͷαʔόʔϨεϓϥοτϑΥʔϜ   ϏϧυࡁΈͷDockerίϯςφΛσϓϩΠग़དྷΔ   ·ͨઃఆΛ׶͑ͯม͑ͳ͚Ε͹   ίʔυ͕࣮ߦ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱ͖ͷྉ͕ۚൃੜ͢Δ     ࣗಈεέʔϧ͸ߴ଎ͰτϥϑΟοΫʹ߹Θͤͯ   θϩ͔Β೚ҙͷن໛ͰࣗಈతʹεέʔϦϯάՄೳ   ߋʹΠϯελϯε͋ͨΓ࠷େ ݅ͷಉ࣌ϦΫΤετΛ   ॲཧͰ͖ΔͨΊͱͯ΋༨༟͕͋Γ·͢     ϑϧϚωʔδυͷͨΊΠϯϑϥͷ؅ཧ͸ෆཁͰɺ   σϓϩΠͨ͠ޙ͸Cloud Runʹؙ౤͛Ͱ͖·͢

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·ͱΊ Rust͸͍͍ͧ   Rust͸҆શͰߴ଎ͳγεςϜϓϩάϥϛϯάݴޠͰ͢   ࠷ॳͷֶशίετ͸ߴ͍Ͱ͕͢ɺҰ౓Ͱ΋৮ͬͯΈΔՁ஋͸   զʑWebۀքͷਓؒͩͱͯ͠΋͋Γ·͢ GCP΋͍͍ͧ   AWSΑΓγϯϓϧͳ؅ཧUIΛ͍ͯͯ͠ຊ࣭తʹඞཁͳ࡞ۀʹ஫ྗͰ͖·͢ɻ   AWSͱ؅ཧUI͚ͩͰ༏ྼΛ͚ͭΔ͜ͱ͸Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͱࢥ͍·͕͢ɺ   ݸਓతʹ͸GCPਪ͠Ͱ͢ TrainLCDΞϓϦΛ͝᩾ርʹ   ൱ఆతͳઌೖ؍Λ͍࣋ͬͯͨਓͰ΋ɺ࢖ͬͯΈΕ͹   ʮੜ׆ʹ͔ܽͤͳ͍ʯ໘ന͍ΞϓϦͱධՁͯ͠΋Β͍͑ͯ·͢

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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ʂ Thank you for listening! Gunma.web #50 ςʔϚϑϦʔ 2023.09.10 @ Takasaki Met., Empire of Gunma Tsubasa SEKIGUCHI