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The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines

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The " " is silent.

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The Web framework for perfectionists with deadlines

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frame·work n. 1. A structure for supporting or enclosing something else. 2. A set of assumptions, concepts, values, and practices that constitutes a way of viewing reality. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

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frame·work n. 1. A structure for supporting or enclosing something else. 2. A set of conventions that constitutes a way of doing something. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.

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provides a structure and a set of conventions for developing web applications.

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In the beginning...

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CGI

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#!/usr/bin/perl print "Content-‐type: text/html\n\n"; print <

Hello!

HTML exit;

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You're on your own. http://ra3ndy.deviantart.com/art/Sad-Panda-69204875

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framework

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structure + convention convenience elegance security framework

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structure + convention convenience elegance security framework

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structure + convention convenience elegance security framework

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structure + convention convenience elegance security framework

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Tagxedo (http://www.tagxedo.com)

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MVC

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Model Template View persistence presentation personality

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Model Template View data

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Model Template View data presentation

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Model Template View data presentation control

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Models are Python classes with state and behavior

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from django.db import models class Band(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() def make_musical_awesome(self): # TODO: discover secret to success

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name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() from django.db import models class Band(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() def make_musical_awesome(self): # TODO: discover secret to success state

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def make_musical_awesome(self): # TODO: discover secret to success from django.db import models class Band(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() def make_musical_awesome(self): # TODO: discover secret to success behavior

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mysql> DESCRIBE music_band; +-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+ | id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | | name | char(100) | NO | | | | | year_formed | int(11) | NO | | | | +-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐+

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field types AutoField BigIntegerField BinaryField BooleanField CharField DateField DateTimeField DecimalField EmailField FileField FilePathField FloatField ImageField IntegerField IPAddressField NullBooleanField PositiveIntegerField SlugField SmallIntegerField TextField TimeField URLField ForeignKey ManyToManyField OneToOneField

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Model instances can be created, read, updated, and destroyed. CRUD

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Band.objects.create( name="The Detours", year_formed=1961) Create

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band = Band.objects.get(name="The Detours") print band.name The Detours print band.year_formed 1961 Read

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band.name = "The Who" band.year_formed = 1964 band.save() Update

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band.delete() Delete

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INSERT INTO music_band VALUES ... SELECT * FROM music_band WHERE ... UPDATE music_band SET ... DELETE FROM music_band WHERE ...

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INSERT INTO music_band VALUES ... SELECT * FROM music_band WHERE ... UPDATE music_band SET ... DELETE FROM music_band WHERE ...

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Find just the instances you're looking for...

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Band.objects.create( name="RUSH", year_formed=1968) Band.objects.create( name="Led Zeppelin", year_formed=1968) Band.objects.create( name="The Police", year_formed=1977)

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bands = Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968) for band in bands: print band.name RUSH Led Zeppelin

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relationships

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from django.db import models class Band(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() members = models.ManyToManyField("Musician") class Musician(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100)

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band.members.create(name="Pete Townshend") band.members.create(name="John Entwistle") band.members.create(name="Roger Daltrey") band.members.create(name="Doug Sandom")

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doug = Musician.objects.get(name="Doug Sandom") band.members.remove(doug) keith = Musician.objects.create(name="Keith Moon") band.members.add(keith) band.members.clear()

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managers & querysets

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Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968) Model – instances become database rows Manager – methods for managing model instances returns a QuerySet

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bands = Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968) QuerySet

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bands = Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968) Iterate for band in bands: print band.name

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bands = Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968)\ .exclude(name="RUSH")\ .order_by("name") Chain

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chainable methods filter exclude annotate order_by reverse distinct values values_list dates datetimes none all select_related prefetch_related extra defer only using select_for_update

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terminal methods get create get_or_create bulk_create count in_bulk iterator latest earliest aggregate exists update delete

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if Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968)\ .exclude(name="RUSH")\ .exists(): # do something num = Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968)\ .exclude(name="RUSH")\ .count() print num

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field lookups

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Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968) field lookups {

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Band.objects.filter(year_formed=1968, name="RUSH") field lookups {

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__ mifflin __

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__ mifflin __ DUNDER

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Band.objects.filter(name__startswith="R") DUNDER Band.objects.filter( year_formed__range=[1960,1970])

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field lookups exact iexact contains icontains in gt gte lt lte startswith istartswith endswith iendswith range year month day week_day hour minute second isnull search regex iregex

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span relationships

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class Band(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) year_formed = models.IntegerField() members = models.ManyToManyField("Musician") class Musician(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100) Band.objects.filter(members__name="Keith Moon")

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Model Template View data presentation control

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mustache mustache {{ }}

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{{ band.name }} rocks!

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{{ band.name }} has been rocking since {{ band.year_formed }}.

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{% for %} loops {% if %} conditionals {% include %} fragments Template Tags

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{{ name|title }} {{ names|pluralize }} {{ name|truncatechars:9 }} Template FILTERS

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Django's template language is intentionally simple.

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TAG Business logic doesn't belong in templates.

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If you need more power, write your own tags...

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Model Template View data presentation control

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Views are functions that take a request and return a response.

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def hello(request): return HttpResponse('Hello!')

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def hello(request): return HttpResponse('Hello!') request

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response def hello(request): return HttpResponse('Hello!')

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What's in a Request?

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URL path request.path /say/hello HTTP method request.method GET Query string request.GET foo=bar&blee=baz Form data request.POST Cookies request.COOKIES key=value HTTP headers request.META Content-type: text/html Logged-in user request.user.name Keyser Söze

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What's in a RESPONSE?

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Content response.content Hello! Status code response.status_code 200 HTTP headers response['Content-Type'] text/html Cookies response.set_cookie('foo', 'bar')

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shortcuts

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from django.shortcuts import render_to_response def hello(request): context = { "name": "Pete", } template = "hello.html" return render_to_response(template, context)

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from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 from django.shortcuts import render_to_response def hello(request): band = get_object_or_404(Band, name="RUSH") context = { "band": band, } template = "hello.html" return render_to_response(template, context)

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Your app needs a roadmap

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from django.conf.urls import patterns from views import hello urlpatterns = patterns( ("hello", hello), )

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def hello(request): return HttpResponse('Hello!') http://example.com/hello

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from django.conf.urls import patterns from views import hello urlpatterns = patterns( ("hello/(.+)", hello), ) regex

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def hello(request, name): band = get_object_or_404(Band, name=name) ... http://example.com/hello/The+Who

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Model Template View data presentation control

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but that's not all... forms middleware context processors signals migrations admin site authentication messages redirects site maps sessions static assets