环境变量为何能让 Ruby 快十倍

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辘हݒᰁ  ԅ֜胼ᦏ Ruby 盠܈狝笳碭ቡ

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य़疑অ, ౯ݞ笳碭ቡ github.com/pmq20 twitter @psvr

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GitLab 耬ᵅ #15452 “On average it seems to take around 13 seconds to cherry-pick commits for GitLab CE. Most of the time appears to be spent in GitHooksService#execute (around 10 seconds on average).” – Yorick Peterse

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GitLab 耬ᵅ #15452 https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/15452

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GitLab 耬ᵅ #15452 https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/15452 system(…pre-receive…)   system(…update…) system(…post-receive…)

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Kernel#system

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ಗᤈ෸ᳵᕅ 60ms ጱ Ruby 郥๜

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አ system ݄᧣疰ݒ౮ԧ 600ms

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簁ᘒ unsetenv_others ݢ盵瓰蝧ଶ

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ٌਙᥡ疗ᕮຎ • “./update” ஠ᶳԅ Ruby 纷ଧ牧覍 Ruby 犋瓰ሿ • “./update” ݢ覍ଉᓌܔ牧 Hello World ܨݢ瓰ሿ

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[demo]

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unsetenv_others ฎՋԍ牫 • 蟴ᗝฎ玽竃ቘ辘हݒᰁ • ୮ unsetenv_others: true ෸牧霙ᤈक़蟂纷ଧ獮竃ቘ ಅ磪辘हݒᰁ牧ᴻ覍ฎก繊瞲ਧጱݒᰁ • ୮ unsetenv_others: false ෸牧犋竃ቘҁ认ᦊᤈԅ҂

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gitlab-ce: MR-3939 https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/3939

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– Yorick Peterse “I'm a bit confused, how does unsetting environment variables make things run faster?”

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– Douwe Maan “The measurements don't lie, but I'm not quite sure why this works either. Can you elaborate?”

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चᏐᎣᦩ

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ྯӻᬰ纷᮷磪ᛔ૩ጱᆿᬰ纷 ྯӻᬰ纷᮷ฎݚӞӻᬰ纷貉ۖጱ

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ྯӻᬰ纷᮷磪ᛔ૩ᇿ缏ጱ辘हݒᰁ

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ྯӻᬰ纷᮷磪ᛔ૩ᇿ缏ጱ辘हݒᰁ

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ৼᬰ纷՗ᆿᬰ纷Ӿᖀ瞚辘हݒᰁ

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֕ৼᬰ纷犋胼狕硬ᆿᬰ纷ጱ辘हݒᰁ

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വᦞ1 辘हݒᰁ鋓ᬰ纷ᕮ๳ᘒ窞犜 ҁshell ฎ IRB ጱᆿᬰ纷҂

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വᦞ2 窔ኞৼᬰ纷ݢ皤ᖅᆿᬰ纷辘हݒᰁጱኞ޸珏๗ ҁIRB ฎ shell ጱᆿᬰ纷҂

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ᆿᬰ纷磪ߺ犚ݢ綡ጱ辘 हݒᰁ᭳փᕳԧৼᬰ纷牫

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BUNDLE_BIN_PATH /Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.8/ gems/bundler-1.12.4/exe/bundle BUNDLE_GEMFILE /Users/pmq20/gitlab-development- kit/gitlab/Gemﬁle BUNDLE_ORIG_GEM_PATH /Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.1.8:/Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.1.8@global BUNDLE_ORIG_MANPATH /usr/local/man:

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GEM_HOME /Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.8 GEM_PATH /Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.1.8:/Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ ruby-2.1.8@global RUBYLIB /Users/pmq20/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.8/ gems/bundler-1.12.4/lib RUBYOPT -rbundler/setup

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RUBY_VERSION ruby-2.1.8 rvm_bin_path /Users/pmq20/.rvm/bin rvm_path /Users/pmq20/.rvm rvm_preﬁx /Users/pmq20

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ᇨՈ΅͠獮Ͷ牦

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RUBYOPT man ruby

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e.g.

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ৼᬰ纷ᖀ瞚ԧᆿᬰ纷ጱ RUBYOPT=-rbundler/setup

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ᘒ bundler/setup ಗᤈ盄眸 ࢩ種ৼᬰ纷ಗᤈ盄眸

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簁ᘒक़蟂 shell ๚ਧԎᧆݒᰁ

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貉ۖ Rails ݸ಍磪ԧᧆݒᰁ

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RUBYOPT=-rbundler/setup ՗֜ᘒ๶牫

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ᆿᬰ纷ฎአ bin/rails 貉ۖጱ

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bin/rails ᧣አԧ conﬁg/boot

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conﬁg/boot ᧣አԧ bundler/setup

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bundler/setup ᦡਧԧ RUBYOPT=-rbundler/setup ࢩ種 bundler/setup ฎٍ磪փ礕௔ጱ bundler ᦏಅ磪 bundler ᓕቘጱᬰ纷ጱৼᬰ纷᮷ᤩ bundler ᓕቘ

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bundler/setup  ฎՋԍ牫

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bundler/setup ฎӞӻ෈կ

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bundler/setup ጱֵአ࣋ว • bin/rails ᧣አԧ bundler/setup • bundle exec * ᧣አԧ bundler/setup • bundle show * ᧣አԧ bundler/setup • bundle bin-stubs ጱኞ౮ᇔ᮷᧣አԧ bundler/setup • ࢩ種 bundler/setup پԒฎ Ruby 貉ۖ鉑纷ጱຽ蟴

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bundler/setup ጱᦡᦇፓຽ • “make your code see just the dependencies that it should see and nothing else” • 矒ګঅ gem ପጱے᫹᪠趥矾ᔱᶲଧ • ᦏ纷ଧ௴অ胼୚አک Gemﬁle Ӿ瞲ਧጱ粚๜ጱପ • ᘒӬ獡ฎ Gemﬁle Ӿ๚瞲ਧጱ gem ᮷犋ݢᥠ

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Kernel#require • require ‘thing’ • ইຎ ‘thing’ ૪ᕪے᫹鉑牧ಗᤈᕮ๳ • 玽ڞ螁ܲ $LOAD_PATH ($:) ತک ‘thing’ ଚے᫹ԏ • 舙ತ犋کڞಲڊ LoadError

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rubygems/core_ext/ kernel_require.rb • ᯿碝಑୏ Kernel ଚ remove_method ധԧ :require • ᯿碝ਧԎԧ Kernel#require • ᛔ Ruby 1.9 犥๶ RubyGems ฎٖᗝጱଚᛔۖ貉አ • ᛔ Ruby 1.9 犥๶鉖಍ฎ Kernel#require ጱ፥ྋᶎፓ

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rubygems/core_ext/ kernel_require.rb • require ‘thing’ • ইຎ ‘thing’ ૪ᕪے᫹鉑牧ಗᤈᕮ๳ • 玽ڞ螁ܲ $LOAD_PATH ($:) ತک ‘thing’ ଚے᫹ԏ • 玽ڞ՗૪ਞᤰጱ gem Ӿ੔ತ ‘thing’ ଚ಩ᧆ gem ጱ ᪠趥ے獈 $LOAD_PATH ($:) • 舙ತ犋کڞಲڊ LoadError

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牬demo] require pry, edit require

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bundler/setup ࣁ狶Ջԍ • ತکӞᕟ粬ਧ粚๜ጱ gem牧玲ڊ犢ժጱ gemspec • ಩ਙժጱ lib/ ፓ趟ጱᕷ੒᪠趥ے獈 $LOAD_PATH牧犥׎ Ruby ݢ犥 require ک粬ਧ粚๜ጱ gem • “unpatch”物݄ധ rubygems/core_ext/ kernel_require.rb ጱ鉪ᬋ牧犥׎贶ሿ“獡ฎ Gemﬁle Ӿ๚瞲ਧጱ gem ᮷犋ݢᥠ”

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牬demo] reverse_rubygems_kernel_mixin

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– hooopo “ഝ᧔牧Bundler ޾ Rubygems ᥝݳଚԧ”

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– huacnlee “疰ᧆݳଚ牧ݶ遞ጱӳᥜ”

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෸ᳵ᮷݄ߺدԧ牫

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Bundler::Resolver.resolve • 臺ᩇԧ踞ጯྺᑁጱಗᤈ෸ᳵ • ತک磧犭ጱ gem ᕟݳ牧ֵ஑犢ժݢჿ᪃粬ਧጱ狅ᩢ ޾ৼ狅ᩢ蹇կҁܨ Gemfile + Gemfile.lock҂ • ᬌ獈物Ӟᕟ狅ᩢ蹇կҁܨ Gemfile + Gemfile.lock҂ • ᬌڊ物Ӟᕟ gemspec

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Gemﬁle.lock ጱᦡᦇ௏మ • 薹ຉਠ Gemﬁle ݸ಩ᕮຎᖨਂӥ๶ጱӞӻ๢ګ • ۱珀 “exact versions of all of the gems that you used the last time you know for sure that the application worked” • 犌 npm 2 / npm 3 ᦡᦇ௏మጱ੒穉

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Gemfile 犌 Gemfile.lock   ݢ胼ڊሿ犋ݶྍ • ࣁ૪磪 Gemfile.lock ጱ眐٭ӥ牧አಁๅ碝ԧ Gemfile ᘒဌ磪᯿碝 bundle牧ڞ Gemfile.lock 鉑๗ • 舙羬ᕹ૪磪胼ჿ᪃ Gemfile 碝襑穩ጱ gem牧ڞ貉ۖ ଫአ෸ᛔۖๅ碝 Gemfile.lock • 舙羬ᕹჿ᪃犋ԧ Gemfile ጱ碝襑穩牧ڞಸᲙ • ࢩ種ྯ稞貉ۖ᮷ᥝ᯿碝薹 Gemfile + Gemfile.lock

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Molinillo ᓒဩ • Ӟӻ蝢አጱ狅ᩢ穩薹ᓒဩ • 玲ᛔ CocoaPods • ᬌ獈物狅ᩢ蹇կ҄狅ᩢᲁਧࢶ • ᬌڊ物狅ᩢ薹ࢶ

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禊盢ು虡 • search_for(dependency) አ๶矾ᔱჿ᪃ᕳਧ狅ᩢጱ狅ᩢᥢ໒ • dependencies_for(specification) አ๶蜴ࢧᕳਧᥢ໒ጱ狅ᩢ • requirement_satisfied_by?(requirement, activated, spec) ࣁ୮ 獮ጱ狅ᩢࢶ activated Ӿᦇᓒ requirement ฎ玽胼ᤩ spec ჿ᪃ • sort_dependencies(dependencies, activated, conflicts) ԅ൉ ṛ௔胼牧ೲ“਻ฃ薹”ጱᶲଧ矎ଧ dependencies ؃ᦡਂࣁӞӻ“狅ᩢᥢ໒൉׀ᘏ”牧ਙ贶ሿইӥොဩ

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Molinillo ᓒဩጱ௏᪠ च๜௏మ——ࢧშဩ

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຾ ᇫாᦡᦇ - ୮獮ጱ襑穩ጱݷਁ - ୮獮੢๚ჿ᪃ጱ襑穩褸ݳ - ୮獮蟂獤薹牧ܨ૪筕ၚጱ狅ᩢࢶ - ୮獮ጱ襑穩 - ୮獮ጱ襑穩ጱݢᤈ薹褸 - 鉟趞窼ଶ - ٫统褸

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狅ᩢா ܨӞञ襑穩޾Ӟञݢᤈ薹 ݢᤈ薹ா ܨӞञ襑穩޾Ӟӻݢᤈ薹 ຾

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Ԇ盌辘 ݝᥝ୮獮ᇫா鉕磪୮獮੢๚ჿ ᪃ጱ襑穩疰ᖀᖅ盌辘 ڡত狅ᩢா

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੤ᦶ碝ጱݢᤈ薹 ڡত狅ᩢா ݢᤈ薹ா … 狅ᩢா ڡত狅ᩢா … 狅ᩢா 蟂獤薹ࢶӾฎ玽૪珀ᧆ薹牫ฎ玽ჿ᪃粚๜ᥝ穩牫  ฎ玽ჿ᪃ Gemﬁle.lock牫 ੤ᦶ筕ၚᧆݢᤈ薹

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੤ᦶ碝ጱݢᤈ薹 ڡত狅ᩢா ݢᤈ薹ா … 狅ᩢா ڡত狅ᩢா … 狅ᩢா 舙०ᨳ牧ᦕ趟٫统牧ࢧშ

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຾绚෫薹 ݱᐿࢧშ ڡত狅ᩢா … ୮獮ᇫா

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Ԇ盌辘 ڡত狅ᩢா … ୮獮ᇫா ڡত狅ᩢா … 薹ா  ෫ๅग़襑穩 ୮獮蟂獤薹ܨ磧ᕣ薹玲૪筕ၚጱ狅ᩢࢶ蜴ࢧ

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Molinillo ᓒဩጱ෸ᳵ瓰ᄖଶ • ᇫா绚ᳵጱय़ੜ 犔犥 ᇫா᫨ᑏጱᩇአ • ᇫா绚ᳵጱय़ੜ玲豙ԭ物狅ᩢ޾ৼ狅ᩢጱ踞ᰁ(m)牧 ݢ鉝ጱ粚๜ጱ磧य़踞ᰁ(n)牧n^m • O(n^m) • 贶ᴬኼ犭牧ଃ磪獮ᗝᶼၥ獶ຏ

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盥綡 • ྯ稞貉ۖጱ෸狡ಗᤈ Molinillo ᓒဩ፥ጱ஠ᥝހ牫 • Gemfile + Gemfile.lock ጱݶྍ௔፥ጱ盄᯿ᥝހ牫 • ᇚᇗྯ稞貉ۖ Ruby 纷ଧጱ硳ሲ牧绗ᒌഘ๶ԧՋԍ牫 • Gemfile.lock ጱᦡᦇฎ஠ᶳጱހ牫

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ᥝ犋൉ӻ Issue / PR牫

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犡ଙ 5์26෭  磪Ո൉鉑ԧ https://github.com/bundler/bundler/pull/4618

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– Jason Frey “You know, you really shouldn't be resolving if you have a lockﬁle...”

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– Joe Rafaniello “Properly detect path spec changes to avoid needless re-resolve”

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If there were no changes, just use the resolution from Gemﬁle.lock.

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੒穉 Rails ٖ蟂᧣አ 犌 ፗ矑᧣አ  ௔胼ഖ聻磪ಅ犋ݶ

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ܻࢩ • bundler/setup ԏݸ牧य़ᰁጱ辘हݒᰁᤩ狕硬ҁই BUNDLE_GEMFILE牏RUBYLIB牏RUBYOPT牏 BUNDLE_BIN_PATH 缛҂ • ৼᬰ纷ᤩ貉ۖ෸ᖀ瞚ԧᆿᬰ纷ጱ辘हݒᰁҁই BUNDLE_GEMFILE牧ܨ Gemfile ጱ֖ᗝ҂ • ࢩ種୮ৼᬰ纷ᤩ貉ۖ෸牧ᆿᬰ纷ጱ Gemfile 蚏֢አ牧 ৼᬰ纷ጱ Gemfile ᤩ஺ኼ

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薹豙ො礯物 Bundler.with_clean_env

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Clean environment variables when running git hooks https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/merge_requests/ 6344

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玱௏ • ஠ᶳ RUBYOPT=-rbundler/setup ހ牫 • bundler/setup ፥ጱ磪஠ᥝฎփ礕௔ጱހ牫

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硽ᦒ • 犋ᥝ蝈מ๦শ牧ྯ稞᯿碝 resolve ଚ犋ฎกฬጱᦡᦇ • 犋੒ጱ瑿ො疰ᥝ玄碁᧔ڊ๶牧疰猟 Jason Frey ᮎ໏ • ྯӻՈ᮷磪ݢ胼ݎሿଚ狕瓰 bug牧鉖ฎ୏რጱঅ賳

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硽ᦒ • ൉Իᤑӟԏ獮ض፡Ӟӥฎ玽磪Ո൉Ի鉑牧౲ҁๅٍݢ 砺֢瑿҂ض礚፡磧碝୏ݎ獤ඪฎ玽Ֆ磪ᳯ᷌ • ࣙ瞱܋ᕆ gem ک磧碝粚๜ҁ bundler 1.13 vs 1.12҂ • 犭玕অ Bundler牧Ruby ጱ貉ۖ෸ᳵݢ犥盠܈狝牦