Trivy - Container vulnerability scanning

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Software vulnerabilities

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4 Known Vulnerabilities Unknown Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities ● Known vulnerabilities ● Vulnerability ID assigned ● e.g. CVE-ID ● Unknown vulnerabilities ● Non-disclosure Designed by vvstudio / Freepik

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5 Known Vulnerabilities Unknown Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities ● Known vulnerabilities ● Scanner Identifying components with known vulnerabilities ● e.g. Trivy, Clair, Aqua Scanner ● Unknown vulnerabilities ● Web application vulnerability scanners , Fuzzing tool ● e.g. OWASP ZAP, OSS-Fuzz Designed by vvstudio / Freepik Target

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6 Your Vulnerabilities 3rd Party Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities ● Your vulnerabilities ● Software written by you ● 3rd Party vulnerabilities ● Well-known software ● e.g. OpenSSL, Nginx Your Vulnerabilities 3rd Party Vulnerabilities Designed by vvstudio / Freepik Target

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7 Common Vulnerabilities & Exposures

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Heartbleed

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10 Containers, images and vulnerabilities Image registry Image Running containers

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Image vulnerability scanning ● Identify the packages & versions in the image ● Cross-reference with vulnerability database Sounds Easy!

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Linux, distributions & container images

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14 ● The Linux Kernel is A Thing ● And then there are distributions: kernel + • shell • init system • package manager • GUI • … Linux distributions

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15 Linux distributions Debian Ubuntu OpenSUSE Alpine Arch Linux Default GUI GNOME GNOME (prev. Unity) KDE None None Default Shell dash bash bash busybox sh bash Default Editor nano vim vim busybox vi vim Default Init System systemd (prev. SysV) systemd (prev. Upstart) systemd (prev. SysV) busybox init systemd (prev. SysV) Default Package Manager deb deb rpm apk pacman Release Model Fixed, infrequent updates Fixed, infrequent updates Fixed, frequent updates Fixed, relatively frequent Rolling, constant updates

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16 Container images /bin /lib /usr /opt /var /bin /lib /usr /var /bin /opt /usr /var

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Linux & software packages

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18 How does software get into a Linux distribution? ■Enable / disable features ■Link with libraries ■Re-package 3rd-party developers write source Binary distribution Upstream Distribution ■Fix bugs that aren’t in upstream ■Apply security patches Compiled & packaged Package repository

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Case study: Debian - focus on stability ● New versions may take months to reach the package repositories  ● Often don’t want to update to latest version for an upstream fix to a security vulnerability  ● Debian often backports security fixes to older versions and repackages them

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20 ● NVD reports this in Varnish HTTP Cache versions 4.0.0 - 5.2.0 Case study: Debian / CVE-2017-8807

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21 Debian applied patch to 5.0.0

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23 Case study: Alpine / busybox 1.27.2

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24 Case study: Alpine / busybox 1.27.2 Patches for the known vulnerabilities Other patches not known to NVD

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25 Not all scanners are created equal Information sources / advisories • NVD • Distributions • Vendors • (Commercial DBs) Scanning techniques • Layer-by-layer or image Detection techniques • Version comparison • Hash comparison Functionality • Malware • File scanning • Windows

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Trivy

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27 ● Detect comprehensive vulnerabilities ● Simple ● Easy installation ● High accuracy ● DevSecOps Features https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy

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28 $ trivy [YOUR_IMAGE_NAME] Run Simple

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No content

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30 03 System Package Manager e.g. yum/apt 01 02 Application Package Manager e.g. npm, bundler Self- installation e.g. make How does software get into a server? Support Support

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31 Architecture Security advisory ᶃ Fetch &  Commit /day https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶅ Fetch images ᶄ Clone or pull Layer tar files ᶇ Extract files ᶉ Version comparison ᶆ Apply layers ᶈ Identify the packages & versions

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32 Architecture Security advisory ᶃ Fetch &  Commit /day https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list

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33 Security advisory ● Fetch and commit security advisories daily ● Cron Jobs on Travis CI ● Pros: ● Stability Some APIs often return 500 ● Fetch only the difference ● History e.g. CVSS score update https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list

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34 Alpine Linux ● No security advisory ● Crawl all issues with security label ● https://gitlab.alpinelinux.org/alpine/aports/issues?scope=all&label_name[]=Security ● Check for differences (git diff) Discussing with developers

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35 Architecture Security advisory https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶅ Fetch images Layer tar files

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36 Fetch images ● Dockerless mode ● Download layers from container registries directly via HTTP(S) ● Docker mode ● When dockerd is installed ● Communicate with Docker daemon Container registry dockerd HTTP(S) HTTP

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Authentication https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/auth/token/

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38 Architecture Security advisory https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶆ Apply layers

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39 Apply layers File1 File2 File4 File3 File3 File2 File2 File4 File1 Apply

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40 Architecture Security advisory https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶇ Extract files

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41 Extract required files /app/Gemfile.lock /bin/ls /var/lib/dpkg/status /etc/hosts /var/log/message https://github.com/aquasecurity/fanal OS packages Application dependencies

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42 Architecture Security advisory https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶈ Identify the packages & versions

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43 List installed packages $ cat /var/lib/dpkg/status … Package: sed Essential: yes Status: install ok installed Priority: required Section: utils Installed-Size: 304 Architecture: amd64 Multi-Arch: foreign Version: 4.2.2-7 Depends: dpkg (>= 1.15.4) | install-info Pre-Depends: libc6 (>= 2.14), libselinux1 (>= 1.32) ※ Debian/Ubuntu

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44 List installed libraries $ cat /app/Gemfile.lock … GEM remote: https://rubygems.org/ specs: actioncable (5.2.3) actionpack (= 5.2.3) nio4r (~> 2.0) websocket-driver (>= 0.6.1) ※ Bundler

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45 Architecture Security advisory https://github.com/aquasecurity/vuln-list Container registry ᶉ Version comparison

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Version comparison Easy?

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Installed 3.6.20-1.ab1 Affected version < 3.6.20-1.2 ≶ Version comparison Vulnerable? https://github.com/knqyf263/go-rpm-version https://github.com/knqyf263/go-deb-version

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48 ● Table ● JSON ● (HTML) ● (XML) Results

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49 ● Support Harbor ● Server-Client mode ● Support Redis ● Reduce cache size ● Support new OSes (Amazon Linux, Arch Linux, etc.) ● Embed into Dockerfile ● CircleCI Orbs / Jenkins plugin Future works

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Thank you for your attention https://github.com/aquasecurity/trivy