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HTTP/2 Deep Dive:
Priority & Server Push
Moto Ishizawa
@summerwind
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Moto Ishizawa
@summerwind
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͜ͷࢿྉͷτϐοΫ
• HTTP/2 ͷ Priority ʹ͍ͭͯ
• Priority ͷΈ
• ࣮ʹ͓͚Δ Priority ͷαϙʔτঢ়گ
• Priority ͕༗ޮͳ߹ͷετϦʔϜͷ࣮ࡍͷಈ͖
• HTTP/2 ͷ Server Push ʹ͍ͭͯ
• Server Push ͷΈ
• ࣮ʹ͓͚Δ Server Push ͷαϙʔτঢ়گ
• Preload Λ༻͍ͨ Server Push
• Server Push ͱ Priority ͷؔ
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Priority
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HTTP/2 Priority
• ϦΫΤετͷ༏ઌΛࢦఆͰ͖ΔΈ
• ΫϥΠΞϯτ͕αʔόʔʹରͯ͠ࢦఆ͢Δ
• αʔόʔඞͣ͠ै͏ඞཁͳ͍ (͋͘·Ͱώϯτ)
• ॏΈ͚͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺετϦʔϜͷґଘؔࢦఆͰ͖Δ
• HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰ৽͍͠ετϦʔϜͷ༏ઌΛࢦఆՄೳ
• PRIORITY ϑϨʔϜͰطଘͷετϦʔϜͷ༏ઌΛมߋՄೳ
Client Server
HEADERS #1
(Priority 16)
HEADERS #1
HEADERS #3
HEADERS #3
(Priority 256)
DATA #3
DATA #3
DATA #1
DATA #3
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HTTP/2 Priority Tree
0
3
128
5
64
7
16
9
16
ετϦʔϜID
ॏΈ
ґଘؔ
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HTTP/2 Priority Tree
0
3
128
5
64
7
16
9
16
σϑΥϧτͷॏΈ 16
σϑΥϧτͰετϦʔϜID 0 ʹґଘ͢Δ
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HTTP/2 Priority Tree
0
3
128
5
64
7
16
9
16
Ϧιʔεɺ༏ઌॏΈͷ૬ରతͳൺͰܾఆ͞ΕΔɻ
ετϦʔϜID 3 શϦιʔεͷ 2/3 ׂ͕ΓͯΒΕΔɻ
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HTTP/2 Priority Tree
0
3
128
5
64
7
16
9
16
ଞͷετϦʔϜʹґଘ͢ΔετϦʔϜͷϦιʔεɺґଘઌετϦʔϜͷϦιʔεʹج͍ͮͯܭࢉ͞ΕΔɻ
ετϦʔϜID 7 ɺετϦʔϜID 3 ͷϦιʔεͷ 1/2 (Ϧιʔεશମͷ 1/3) ׂ͕ΓͯΒΕΔɻ
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࣮ʹ͓͚Δ Priority ͷαϙʔτঢ়گ
αʔόʔ
࣮ όʔδϣϯ αϙʔτ
nghttp2 1.0.0 ͋Γ
H2O 1.2.0 ͋Γ
Apache Traffic Server 5.3.0 ͳ͠
ϒϥβ
࣮ όʔδϣϯ αϙʔτ
Firefox 38.0.1 ͋Γ
Chrome 43.0.2357.65 ͋Γ (ॏΈ͚ͷΈ)
Edge 0.11.10074.0 ͳ͠
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Priority ͷݕূ
• ݕূ༻ͷϖʔδΛ֤ϒϥβͰಡΈࠐΉ
• αʔόʔ nghttpx 1.0.0 Λ༻
• ݕূ༻ϖʔδͷ༷
• head ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ CSS × 3
• head ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ JavaScript × 3
• body ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ JavaScript × 3
• body ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ը૾ × 3
• ϦιʔεͷαΠζશͯ 100 KB
Test
Test
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
1. ϦΫΤετલ
0
3 7
201 1
1
11
1
5
101
༏ઌπϦʔ͕ॳظԽ͞ΕΔɻ
༏ઌશͯ PRIORITY ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
2. HTML ͷϦΫΤετ
0
3 7
201 1
1
13
32
11
1
5
101
HTML ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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3. CSS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
3 7
201 1
1
13
32
19
32
17
32
15
32
11
1
5
101
CSS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
25
4. head ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
3 7
201 1
1
32
13
32
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32
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1
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head ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
25
5. ը૾ͷϦΫΤετ
0
3 7
201 1
1
32
13
32
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15
32
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1
27
22
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22
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ը૾ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
25
6. body ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
3 7
201 1
1
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body ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
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201 1
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
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201 1
1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
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32
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1
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
32
13
32
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
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3 7
201 1
1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
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13
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
9
25
7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
32
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32
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1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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7. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
3 7
201 1
1
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree ͷߟ
• ࠷ॳʹ PRIORITY ϑϨʔϜͰͷେ͕ߏ͞ΕΔ
• CSS JSɺը૾ͷछྨ͝ͱʹॏΈ͚Λ͏·͍ͬͯ͘Δ
• సૹͷॱং
• ͓͓ΑͦɺCSSɺhead ཁૉ JSɺbody ཁૉ JSɺը૾ ͷॱʹͳ͍ͬͯΔ
• Firefox ͕ҙਤͨ͠௨Γʹసૹ͞Ε͍ͯΔͱࢥΘΕΔ
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Chrome ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
1. HTML ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
HTML ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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2. CSS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
3
220 220
7
220
CSS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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3. head ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
3
220 220
7
220
9
183
11
183
13
183
head ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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4. body ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
15
183
17
183
19
183
3
220 220
7
220
9
183
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183
13
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body ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
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5. ը૾ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
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3
220 220
7
220
9
183
11
183
13
183
21
110
23
110
25
110
ը૾ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌ HEADERS ϑϨʔϜͰࢦఆ͞ΕΔɻ
15
183
17
183
19
183
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6. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
1
256
3
220 220
7
220
9
183
11
183
13
183
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110
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110
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183
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19
183
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1
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220 220
7
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183
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110
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220 220
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Chrome ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree ͷߟ
• શͯͷετϦʔϜ͕ ID 0 ʹґଘ͢Δߏ
• Firefox ͱൺֱ͢Δͱγϯϓϧͳ༏ઌͷׂΓͯ
• ׂΓͯΒΕΔϦιʔεͷׂ߹ͷ͕ࠩগͳ͍
• CSS : JS : ը૾ = 10 : 8 : 5
• େ͖ͳը૾Ϧιʔε͕૿͑ΔͱɺCSS JS ͷసૹ્͕͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γͦ͏
• ը૾ͷॏΈΛͬͱখͯ͘͞͠Α͍ͷ͔͠Εͳ͍
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Edge ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
1. HTML ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
16
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2. ֤ϦιʔεͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
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3
16 16
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CSSɺhead ཁૉͷ JSɺը૾ɺbody ཁૉͷ JS ͷϦΫΤετͷετϦʔϜɻ
༏ઌશͯະࢦఆͷͨΊɺσϑΥϧτͷॏΈͰ͋Δ 16 ׂ͕ΓͯΒΕΔɻ
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3. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
1
16
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3
16 16
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Edge ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree
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Edge ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree ͷߟ
• Firefox Chrome ͱҟͳΓ༏ઌະࢦఆ
• શͯͷετϦʔϜʹσϑΥϧτͷॏΈ 16 ׂ͕ΓͯΒΕΔ
• ༏ઌ͕ະࢦఆͷͨΊɺαΠζͷখ͞ͳϦιʔε͔Βసૹ͕ྃ͢Δ
• େ͖ͳը૾Ϧιʔε͕૿͑ΔͱɺCSS JS ͷసૹ͕େ્͖͘͞ΕΔՄೳੑ͕͋Γͦ͏
• ਖ਼ࣜ൛Ͱͷ༏ઌͷ࣮ʹظ
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Server Push
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HTTP/2 Server Push
• ͋ΔϦιʔεʹඥͮ͘ϦιʔεΛϦΫΤετͳ͠ʹૹΔ
• ໊લͷ௨Γαʔόʔଆ͕ϓογϡ͢ΔΈ
• ࠷ॳʹ PUSH_PROMISE ϑϨʔϜͰ௨͕͘Δ
• ΫϥΠΞϯτ RST_STREAM ϑϨʔϜͰڋ൱Ͱ͖Δ
Client Server
HEADERS #1
PUSH_PROMISE #1
(Promised Stream #3)
HEADERS #3
HEADERS #1
DATA #3
DATA #1
DATA #3
DATA #1
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࣮ʹ͓͚Δ Server Push ͷαϙʔτঢ়گ
αʔόʔ
࣮ όʔδϣϯ αϙʔτ
nghttp2 1.0.0 ͋Γ (Preload)
H2O 1.2.0 ͋Γ (Preload)
Apache Traffic Server 5.3.0 ͳ͠
ϒϥβ
࣮ όʔδϣϯ αϙʔτ
Firefox 38.0.1 ͋Γ
Chrome 43.0.2357.65 ͋Γ
Edge 0.11.10074.0 ͋Γ
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Preload ʹΑΔ Server Push
Link: ; rel=preload
Link: ; rel=preload
nghttp2 H2O Preload ༷ʹج͍ͮͨ Server Push Λαϙʔτ͍ͯ͠Δɻ
͜ΕΒͷαʔόʔΛ Reverse Proxy ͱͯ͠༻͍ͯ͠Δ߹ɺΦϦδϯαʔόʔͷϨεϙϯεʹ
ҎԼͷΑ͏ͳ Link ϔομʔΛ༩͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱͰɺϔομʔʹࢦఆͨ͠ϦιʔεΛ Proxy ͕ࣗಈ
औಘ্ͨ͠ͰɺServer Push ͱͯ͠ɺͦͷϦιʔεΛΫϥΠΞϯτʹૹ৴͢Δɻ
※ nghttp2 ʹଐͷ nghttpx ɺΦϦδϯαʔόʔ͕ฦ͢Ϩεϙϯεͷεςʔλε͕ 200 Ͱͳ͍ͱ Server Push ͕ൃಈ͠ͳ͍
ɹͳͲɺ͍͔͕ͭ݅͋͘ΔͷͰҙ͕ඞཁɻ
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Server Push ΛΈ߹Θͤͨ Priority ͷݕূ
• ࣮ࢪํ๏ Priority ͷݕূ࣌ͱಉ͡
• αʔόʔϓογϡ Preload ํࣜΛ༻
• ݕূ༻ϖʔδͷ༷ΛҰ෦มߋ
• head ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ CSS × 3
• head ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ JavaScript × 3
• body ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ JavaScript × 3
• body ཁૉʹஔͨ͠ը૾ × 3
• ֤Ϧιʔεͷ࠷ॳͷ1ݸϓογϡ͢Δ
Test
Test
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0
Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
1. HTML ͷϦΫΤετ
3 7
201 1
1
13
32
11
1
5
101
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0
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2. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷ։࢝
3 7
201 1
1
13
32
11
1
5
101
2
16
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6
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8
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ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷετϦʔϜ ID ۮʹͳΔɻ
PUSH_PROMISE ϑϨʔϜ͕ૹ৴͞ΕͨετϦʔϜʹґଘ͢Δɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷ༏ઌมߋ
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PRIORITY ϑϨʔϜʹΑΓґଘઌͱॏΈ͕มߋʹɻ
ετϦʔϜͷσʔλ·ͩసૹதɻ
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
4. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
3 7
201 1
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2
0
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
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4. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
4. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
3 7
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
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4. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
3 7
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
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4. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
3 7
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
5. ֤ϦιʔεͷϦΫΤετ
3 7
201 1
1
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32
19
32
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32
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2
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2
0
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Firefox ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
9
6. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
3 7
201 1
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32
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2
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2
8
2
0
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Chrome ͕ੜ͢Δ Priority Tree (Server Push ͋Γ)
1. HTML ͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
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4
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2. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷ։࢝
0
1
256
2
16 16
6
16
8
16
ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷετϦʔϜ ID ۮʹͳΔɻ
PUSH_PROMISE ϑϨʔϜ͕ૹ৴͞ΕͨετϦʔϜʹґଘ͢Δɻ
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3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
0
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6
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8
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3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
0
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3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
0
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3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
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3. ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷड৴
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5. ֤ϦιʔεͷϦΫΤετ
0
1
256
7
183
9
183
13
110
2
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6
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8
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6. Ϩεϙϯεͷड৴
0
1
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183
9
183
13
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2
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6
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8
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3
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Server Push ͷߟ
• Firefox ϓογϡετϦʔϜͷ༏ઌΛௐ͢Δ
• CSS ͷసૹʹӨڹ͕ͳ͍Α͏ʹɺґଘઌͱॏΈͷ྆ํΛมߋ
• ༏ઌϒϥβϓογϡ͢ΔϦιʔεͷͳͲʹΑͬͯมԽ͢Δ
• ࠓճݻఆαΠζͷΈͷݕূͩͬͨͷͰɺେ͖͍ը૾ͷϓογϡͳͲͷݕূඞཁ
• ͓ͦΒ͘ϕετϓϥΫςΟεଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ͷͰɺຖճ͖ͪΜͱͨ͠ݕূ͕ඞཁ͔
• ͱΓ͋͑ͣ Server Push Λ͍͍ͨʁ
• ༏ઌͷ͍Ϧιʔε͚ͩΛগͳ͍Ͱϓογϡ͢Εେ͖ͳʹͳΒͳͦ͞͏
• ྫ͑ΠϯϥΠϯʹ͍ͯͨ͠ը૾ͱ͔
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͓ͬ͠ΌΔ௨ΓͰͨ͠…
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·ͱΊ
• HTTP/2 ͷύϑΥʔϚϯεΛཧղ͢ΔʹɺPriority ʹର͢Δཧղ͕ॏཁ
• Priority ͷѻ͍ɺαʔόʔΫϥΠΞϯτ͝ͱʹҟͳΔ
• ґଘؔॏΈ͚ͩͰͳ͘ɺϑΝΠϧαΠζϦΫΤετॱংͷߟྀඞཁ
• ࣮ࡍʹαʔόʔͱΫϥΠΞϯτΛΈ߹Θͤͯܭଌͯ͠ͳ͍ͱ͔Βͳ͍ࣄଟ͍
• Server Push Λ͏߹ɺPriority Λߟྀ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
• ϓογϡͷΓํʹΑͬͯɺϨϯμϦϯά͕͘ͳΔέʔε͋Γ͑ͦ͏
• Priority ؚΊ͖ͯͪΜͱܭଌ͠ɺධՁ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ
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Thank you :-)