Build Containers with Dockerfile Best Practicies

by Kohei Ota

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+BQBO$POUBJOFS%BZTͰ ࡞ͬͨެࣜσϞΞϓϦͷ %PDLFSpMFʹ͍ͭͯʢԾʣ !JOEVDUPS $POUBJOFS#VJME.FFUVQ

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+BQBO$POUBJOFS%BZTͰ ࡞ͬͨެࣜσϞΞϓϦͷ %PDLFSpMFʹ͍ͭͯʢԾʣ !JOEVDUPS $POUBJOFS#VJME.FFUVQ

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ࠓ೔͸ͦΜͳ࿩͸ʢ΄΅ʣ Ұ੾͠ͳ͍Ͱ͢

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ϕετϓϥΫςΟεʹԊͬͯɺ %PDLFSpMFͷՄಡੑͱ ΩϟογϡɺΠϝʔδͷαΠζͷ ઓུʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ͯΈͨ !JOEVDUPS $POUBJOFS#VJME.FFUVQ

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ࣗݾ঺հ w JOEVDUPS w %PDLFS.FFUVQ5PLZP0SHBOJ[FS ࿬໾ w %PDLFSpMFͱӳޠ͕޷͖ w কདྷͷເ͸೦͚ͨͩ͡Ͱαʔόʔ͕͍͍ײ͡ʹ্ཱ͕ͪΔ Α͏ʹͳΔ͜ͱ

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%PDLFSCVJMEͯ͠·͔͢ʁ

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%PDLFSSVOͯ͠·͔͢ʁ

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%PDLFSSVOͯ͠·͔͢ʁ

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%PDLFSpMFͷϕετϓϥΫςΟε ͝ଘ஌Ͱ͔͢ʁ

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IUUQTXXXTMJEFTIBSFOFU %PDLFSEDTGEPDLFSpMFCFTU QSBDUJDFT

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%PDLFS$PO 4BO'SBODJTDPͰൃද͞Εͨࢿྉ

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w Ϗϧυ࣌ؒ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w ϝϯςφϯεੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟ w ࣋ଓੑ࠶ݱੑ

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑ w ࠶ݱੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟ

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζˡ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑ w ࠶ݱੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟ

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ΠϝʔδαΠζ͸૿͑Δ w %PDLFSΠϝʔδΛӡ༻͍ͯ͠ΔͱɺαΠζͷංେԽ͸ආ͚ ΒΕͳ͍໰୊ w ύοέʔδͷ௥Ճ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯґଘͷϥΠϒϥϦͷ௥Ճ w ಺แ͓͖͍ͯͨ͠όΠφϦϑΝΠϧͷ௥ՃͳͲͳͲ

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ΠϝʔδαΠζΛ཈͑ΔऔΓ૊Έ ͦͷܰྔͳϕʔεΠϝʔδΛ࢖͏

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ϕʔεΠϝʔδͷ࿩ ద౰ ΠϝʔδαΠζ ൚༻ੑ ॊೈੑ ֦ுੑ རศੑ %FCJBO TMJN ☓ ˚ ˕ ˕ ˕ ˕ ˑ ˑ "MQJOF ˕ ˓ MJCD͕ʜ ˓ ˕ #VTZCPY ˑ ˚ ˚ ˓ 4DSBUDI ☠ ʁʁʁʁ ☓ 㱣

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ϕʔεΠϝʔδͷબఆ w جຊɺΠϝʔδαΠζ͸ؾʹ͢Δ΂͖ w ͱ͸͍͑ɺϥΠϒϥϦͷґଘؔ܎͕ਂ͘ͳͬͯ͠·͏৔߹ɺ  Πϝʔδͷӡ༻ίετ্͕͕ͬͯ͠·͏ͷͰແཧ͠ͳ͍ํ͕  ྑ͍͜ͱ΋ଟ͍ w ׳Εͳ͍͏ͪ͸"MQJOFΛແཧʹ࢖͏ඞཁ͸ͳ͍ͱ͸ࢥ͏

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ΠϝʔδαΠζΛ཈͑ΔऔΓ૊Έ ͦͷNVMUJTUBHFCVJMEΛ࢖͏

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NVMUJTUBHFCVJMEͱ͸ w ಉҰ%PDLFSpMFͷதͰʮผͷϏϧυͷॲཧʯΛݺͼग़͢࢓૊Έ w ྫ HPͷΠϝʔδͰίϯύΠϧͨ͠HPͷόΠφϦΛ/PEFKTͷίϯςφ ʹ৐ͤͨΓͰ͖Δ w ͭͷΠϝʔδʹෳ਺ͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯґଘύοέʔδΛೖΕΔඞ ཁ͕ͳ͘ͳΔͷͰɺΠϝʔδαΠζ΋μ΢ϯ w %PDLFSpMFͷதͰෳ਺ճ'30.Λॻ͘ͱ࣮ݱͰ͖Δ

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NVMUJTUBHFCVJMEͱ͸ IVHPͷ$-*Λ%-ͯ͘͠Δεςʔδ औಘͨ͠όΠφϦΛ/PEFͷΠϝʔδʹೖΕΔ XHFUͱ͔DBDFSUJpDBUFTͱ͔͸ΞϓϦͷ ίϯςφʹ࢒Βͳ͍

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ΠϝʔδαΠζΛ཈͑ΔऔΓ૊Έ ͦͷΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷಈ࡞ʹ ؔ܎ͷͳ͍ϑΝΠϧΛऔΓࠐ·ͳ͍

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Ͳ͏͍͏͜ͱ͔ w HJU഑ԼͷϑΝΠϧ͸EPDLFSJHOPSF͢Δ w ίϯύΠϧܕݴޠͷ৔߹ɺιʔείʔυ͸͍Βͳ͍ w ྫHPͳΒόΠφϦɺKBWBͳΒXBSKBS͚͕ͩ͋Ε͹ྑ͍ w ϓϩμΫγϣϯϏϧυΛਖ਼͘͠࢖͏ w ྫ։ൃ༻ϥΠϒϥϦ͸Πϝʔδͷதʹ͸औΓࠐ·ͳ͍ w ΤσΟλ΍σόοάπʔϧ΋جຊ͸ೖΕͳ͍

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ΞηοτͷίϯύΠϧʹ࢖ͬͨ ϥΠϒϥϦΛফͯ͠ɺ ϓϩμΫγϣϯʹඞཁͳ ґଘؔ܎ΛೖΕ௚͢ ͍ܰͷͰBMQJOFϕʔεʹ͢Δ ίϯύΠϧͷͱ͖BMQJOFͩͱͭΒΈ ͕ਂ͍ͷͰɺϝϯςੑΛߟྀͯ͠ EFCJBOϕʔεͰίϯύΠϧ͢Δ

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ˡ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑ w ࠶ݱੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟ

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Ϗϧυͷ଎౓Λ্͛Δཁૉ w ϏϧυΩϟογϡΛޮ͔ͤΔ w ฒྻੑΛ্͛Δ w Ͱ͖ΔݶΓڞ௨ͷϕʔεΠϝʔδΛ࢖͏

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%PDLFSpMFͷΩϟογϡ w มߋස౓͕௿͍͕ॲཧʹ͕͔͔࣌ؒΔ΋ͷΛ্ʹدͤΔ w ύοέʔδϚωʔδϟͱ͔ɺMPDLϑΝΠϧͷ$01:΋্ʹدͤΔ w ύοέʔδͷΠϯετʔϧͱΞοϓσʔτ͸ಉ͡ߦʹدͤΔ w ྫBQUHFUVQEBUFBQUHFUJOTUBMMFNBDT w #VJME,JUΛೖΕΔ w NPVOUUZQFDBDIFͷ׆༻

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%PDLFSpMFͷฒྻੑ w NVMUJTUBHFCVJMEΛ׆༻͢Δ w #VJME,JUΛೖΕΔ

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ϕʔεΠϝʔδͷ࢓૊ΈΛ஌Δ w %PDLFSΠϝʔδͷ࣮ମ͸6'4ͱݺ͹ΕΔ-BZFSFE'JMFTZTUFN w ڞ௨ͷϕʔεΠϝʔδΛ֤ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͰ࢖͏ w τʔλϧͷϕʔεΠϝʔδʹ࢖͏σΟεΫ༰ྔ͕࡟ݮͰ͖Δ w 1VMM΍#VJMEʹ͔͔Δ͕࣌ؒ࡟ݮͰ͖Δ w ڞ௨ॲཧ͸ΠϝʔδԽ͢Δͷ΋ͭͷख

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݁࿦#VJME,JUΛ࢖͏

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑˡ w ࠶ݱੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟ

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Ϗϧυͷ଎౓ͱΠϝʔδͷαΠζ Λ࠷༏ઌ͍ͯ͘͠ͱɺ࣍ୈʹ %PDLFSpMF͕ຐ۸ͱԽ͢

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ຊηΫγϣϯͰ͸ɺ%PDLFSpMFͷ ՄಡੑɾϝϯςφϯεੑΛͲ͏ߴ Ί͍͔ͯ͘ʹ͍ͭͯߟ͑ͯΈΔ

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%PDLFSpMFͷՄಡੑ w ಡΈ΍͍͢%PDLFSpMFͱ͸Կ͔ w ΍͍ͬͯΔ͜ͱ͕໌֬ w ߦ਺͕୹͍ w %PDLFSʹ͓͚ΔίϯςφϓϩηεͷݪଇΛकΔ w FOUSZQPJOUTIʹཔΓ͗ͯ͢Δ৔߹ઃܭ͕Α͘ͳ͍͔΋͠Εͳ͍ w ֤εςʔδͷ໋໊نଇ΋ॏཁ w ίϝϯτͰ͸8IBUͰ͸ͳ͘)PX8IZΛॏࢹ͢Δ

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%PDLFSpMFͷϝϯςφϯεੑ w όʔδϣϯͷ໌هͳͲ͕ඞཁͳύοέʔδΛೖΕΔ৔߹͸ ม਺ʹ੾Γग़͢ w มߋ؅ཧͷखؒΛݮΒ͢ w Ϗϧυͷͨͼʹ݁Ռ͕มΘΔͷ͸࿦֎ w λά΋ͦ͏͕ͩɺͰ͖ΔݶΓඞཁͳπʔϧͷόʔδϣϯ͸ ݻఆ͓ͯ͘͠

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑ w ࠶ݱੑˡ w ηΩϡϦςΟ

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%PDLFSpMFͷ࠶ݱੑ w ϝϯςφϯεੑͷͱ͜ΖͰݴٴͯͨ͠ͷͰεΩοϓ

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%PDLFSCVJMEͷ͓೰ΈϙΠϯτ w ΠϝʔδαΠζ w Ϗϧυͷ଎͞ w Մಡੑͱϝϯςφϯεੑ w ࠶ݱੑ w ηΩϡϦςΟˡ

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%PDLFSpMFʹ͓͚ΔηΩϡϦςΟ w ػີ৘ใͷऔѻ͍ w Ϗϧυதʹ(JUQVMM΍44)͢Δͱ͖ͷ伴ͷ؅ཧ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷγʔΫϨοτΩʔͷ؅ཧ w Ұ࣌తͳσʔλΛͲ͜ʹͲ͏อଘ͢Δ͔ͷઃܭ

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44)΍(JUͷ伴

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NPVOUUZQFTFDSFU Λ࢖͏

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NPVOUUZQFTFDSFUͱ͸ w %PDLFS͔Βೖͬͨ৽໋͍͠ྩ w %PDLFSϏϧυதʹػີ৘ใΛ҆શʹϚ΢ϯτ͢ΔͨΊͷػ ೳ w ੒Ռ෺ʹ伴͕࢒Βͳ͍ʂ΂ΜΓʂ w 36/NPVOUUZQFTFDSFU JETTI UBSHFUSPPUTTI JE@STBHJUDMPOF  ˢΈ͍ͨͳײ͡ͰࢦఆͰ͖Δɻ

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΋͏ͪΐͬͱଓ͖·͢

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%PDLFSpMFͷઓུͱ %PDLFSΒ͍͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ ࡞ΓํͱͷؔΘΓํ

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%PDLFSΒ͍͠ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʁ w %PDLFSͷྑ͞ w มԽͷ଎͍ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯʹରͯ͠ɺ#VJME4IJQ3VO ͷΤίγεςϜΛఏڙ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ w ਖ਼͘͠࢖͑͹ʮͲ͜Ͱ΋ʯʮಉ͡Α͏ʹʯಈ͘؀ڥ͕࣮ ݱͰ͖Δ

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%PDLFSΛlਖ਼͘͠z࢖͏ w ෆཁͳ΋ͷ͸ೖΕͳ͍ w มߋͷೖΓ΍͍͢Օॴ͸΂ͨॻ͖ʹ͠ͳ͍ w ։ൃ؀ڥɺݕূ؀ڥɺຊ൪؀ڥͰͰ͖ΔݶΓಉ͡ΠϝʔδΛ࢖͏ w ؀ڥ͝ͱͷґଘੑ஫ೖʹ͸؀ڥม਺΍FOUSZQPJOUΛ׆༻͢Δ w ίϯςφϓϩηεͷݪଇΛ஌Δ कΔ͔Ͳ͏͔͸ผͱͯ͠

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ͱ͸͍͑ӡ༻࣌ʹࠔΔ͜ͱ΋͋Δ w Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋44)͍ͨ͠ɾɾɾWJN࢖͍͍ͨɾɾɾ w 44)͸جຊ࢖Θͳ͍ 'BSHBUFͱ͔Ͱແ͍ݶΓɺFYFDJUͱ͔͢ Ε͹໰୊ͳ͍͸ͣ w σόοάπʔϧ͕ೖ͍ͬͯͳ͍ίϯςφ಺ͰσόοάπʔϧΛ ىಈ͢Δํ๏ 1*%ωʔϜεϖʔεͷڞ༗ػೳΛ࢖͏ w EPDLFSSVOSNJUQJEDPOUBJOFSBQQ EFCVH@JNBHFUBHTI

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΍΂͑ɺSVOͪ͠Όͬͨ

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։ൃͱӡ༻ͱΞϓϦͷߏ଄ͷ౎߹ w ͜͜͸Ͳ͏ͯ͠΋ίϯύΠϧ͠௚͕͠ඞཁͳͷͰ4UBHJOH ͱ1SPEVDUJPOͰΠϝʔδΛ෼͚ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ΜͰ͢ʂ w ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ࣮ߦʹΫιͰ͔͍όΠφϦ͕ඞཁͰϏ ϧυ͢Δͷʹࢮ͵΄Ͳ͕͔͔࣌ؒͬͯ։ൃͲ͜Ζ͡Όͳ͍ ΜͰ͢ʼʻ w ΠϝʔδαΠζখ͘͞͠Α͏ͱ͢ΔͱΩϟογϡ͕ޮ͖ͮ Β͘ͳͬͯਏ͍ΜͰ͕͢ʁʁʁ

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͍Ζ͍Ζ͋ΔΑͶ

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ϕετϓϥΫςΟεͱ%PDLFSXBZ ͷཱ྆ΛɺΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷߏ଄ ΛकΓͳ͕Β୲อ͢Δͷ͸೉͍͠ɻ