Visualizing Cloud Architectures in Real Time with Visualizing Cloud Architectures in Real Time with d3.js d3.js Julie Ng Cloud Solution Architect, Microsoft NodeConf EU Kilkenny, Ireland 12 November 2019 • • 1 

WHO AM I Julie Ng Julie Ng Cloud Solution Architect at Microsoft Previously Enterprise Architect at Allianz Germany Making for the web since 1999 Photo: Climbing in Rovinj, Croatia • • • • 2 

Welcome to the Cloud Welcome to the Cloud From monoliths to microservices From monoliths to microservices and beyond and beyond 1 3 . 1 

ONCE UPON A TIME Hello World! Hello World! 3 . 2 

INTRODUCING THE IPHONE Decouple Frontends! Decouple Frontends! 3 . 3 

PHONES' PERFORMANCE PROBLEMS Backends for Frontends (BFF) Backends for Frontends (BFF) 3 . 4 

DOWNSTREAM SERVICES Microservices from 10,000 feet Microservices from 10,000 feet App Search Products Invoices 3 . 5 

DOWNSTREAM SERVICES Microservices from 5,000 feet Microservices from 5,000 feet App Products Search Invoices 3 . 6 

DOWNSTREAM SERVICES Microservices from the ground Microservices from the ground Azure Blob Storage App Products Search Invoices PDF Service Invoices App Queue Invoices DB 3 . 7 

FAST-FOWARD TO 2019 Challenges of Microservices Challenges of Microservices Remote Service Client CDN Service Service Service Service Microservices Management Service Discovery API Gateway Static Content Identity Provider Source: Microsoft Azure: Introduction to microservices architectures 3 . 8 

NOT INFALLIBLE Availability: even the Cloud goes down Availability: even the Cloud goes down SLA % Downtime per week Downtime per month Downtime per year 99 1.68 hours 7.2 hours 3.65 days 99.9 10.1 minutes 43.2 minutes 8.76 hours 99.99 1.01 minutes 4.32 minutes 52.56 minutes 99.999 6 seconds 25.9 seconds 5.26 minutes Source: How do you as a developer handle unavailability? How does this affect your customers, product, and company? What is cost of downtime? Microsoft: Service Level Agreements for Azure • • • 3 . 9 

FAST-FOWARD TO 2019 From Microservices to Spaghetti? From Microservices to Spaghetti? Really this complex? Really decoupled microservices? What happens if one is not available, e.g. "Receipts Service"? • • • 3 . 10 

TAKEAWAY #1 Cloud is complex and not perfect Cloud is complex and not perfect Neither are we ;-) Neither are we ;-) 3 . 11 

How do you How do you Document Document Architecture? Architecture? What did we What did we intend intend to build? to build? 2 4 . 1 

ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION Traditional Architecture Diagrams Traditional Architecture Diagrams Classic diagrams Show intent But very static Not real-time. Quickly outdated. What do arrows indicate? Dependencies? Data Flow? Diagram Source - • • • • • • • Scalable Web Application Reference Architecture 4 . 2 

ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION Diagramming with Code Diagramming with Code const const data data = = { { nodes nodes: : [ [ { { id id: : 'web' 'web', , label label: : 'Web Frontend' 'Web Frontend' } }, , { { id id: : 'mobile' 'mobile', , label label: : 'Mobile Device' 'Mobile Device' } }, , { { id id: : 'server' 'server', , label label: : 'Monolith Backend' 'Monolith Backend' } }, , { { id id: : 'db' 'db', , label label: : 'Database' 'Database' } }, , ] ], , links links: : [ [ { { source source: : 'web' 'web', , target target: : 'server' 'server' } }, , { { source source: : 'mobile' 'mobile', , target target: : 'server' 'server' } }, , { { source source: : 'server' 'server', , target target: : 'db' 'db' } } ] ] } } 4 . 3 

ARCHITECTURE DOCUMENTATION Automated Architecture Diagrams Automated Architecture Diagrams Graphic Source - Microsoft Azure: Application Map: Triage Distributed Applications 4 . 4 

ARCHITECTURE AND UPTIME Monitoring Microservices in real-time? Monitoring Microservices in real-time? Graphic Source - Grafana Community 4 . 5 

ORGANIZATIONS – UNIFORM AND STANDARDIZED What we imagine – 1 team What we imagine – 1 team 4 . 6 

ORGANIZATIONS - DIVERSE Reality – many chaotic teams, but diverse Reality – many chaotic teams, but diverse 4 . 7 

Conway's Law Conway's Law “ Organizations which design systems... are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations. - Melvin Conway, "How Do Committees Invent?” Datamation (April 1968). 4 . 8 

TAKEAWAY #2 Computers are useless. Computers are useless. They only give you answers. They only give you answers. – PABLO PICASSO 4 . 9 

Let's build our own Let's build our own Architecture Architecture Visualization Visualization What did we What did we intend intend to design? to design? 3 5 . 1 

FINDING A HAPPY MEDIUM Aproach Aproach 5 . 2 

FINDING A HAPPY MEDIUM Aproach Aproach Architecture Illustrate dependencies between services Monitoring Include health status Alerts - illustrate potentially affected neighbors • • • • • 5 . 2 

FINDING A HAPPY MEDIUM Aproach Aproach Architecture Illustrate dependencies between services Monitoring Include health status Alerts - illustrate potentially affected neighbors • • • • • 5 . 2 

FINDING A HAPPY MEDIUM Aproach Aproach Architecture Illustrate dependencies between services Monitoring Include health status Alerts - illustrate potentially affected neighbors Information Clutter Reduce visual noise with color and animation Avoid agents and cloud platform automation Use best practices (healthchecks) Prefer standards (IETF) • • • • • • • • • • 5 . 2 

OPEN WEB IETF: Standardized Health Check Format IETF: Standardized Health Check Format GET /health HTTP/1.1 Host: example.org Accept: application/health+json { { "status" "status": : "pass" "pass", , "version" "version": : "1" "1", , "releaseID" "releaseID": : "1.2.2" "1.2.2", , "notes" "notes": : [ ["" ""] ], , "output" "output": : "" "", , "serviceID" "serviceID": : "f03e522f-1f44-4062-9b55-9587f91c9c41" "f03e522f-1f44-4062-9b55-9587f91c9c41", , "description" "description": : "health of authz service" "health of authz service", , "details" "details": : { { "database" "database": : [ [ { { "componentId" "componentId": : "123" "123", , "status" "status": : "pass" "pass" } } ] ] } } } } 5 . 3 

ARCHITECTURE Illustrating Dependencies - Visually Illustrating Dependencies - Visually Label Color Meaning Highlighted Node green healthy Source red has problems if referenced node is not available Deep Source orange might not be aware of Source's dependency on Referenced Node Target yellow no direct dependency 5 . 4 

TAKEAWAY #3 DIY - Scratch your own need DIY - Scratch your own need and share - make it open source ❤ and share - make it open source ❤ 5 . 5 

Network Graphs with Network Graphs with D3.js D3.js 3 6 . 1 

D3.JS D3 - Data Driven Documents D3 - Data Driven Documents D3 (or D3.js) is a JavaScript library for visualizing data using web standards. D3 helps you bring data to life using SVG, Canvas and HTML. 6 . 2 

D3.JS Data Driven – describe what, not how Data Driven – describe what, not how There are no loops over the DOM Based on data() selectAll() does it all: add, update, remove elements no DOM management Apply values to DOM attributes: cx, cy and r • • • • • • const const data data = = [ [ { { 'x' 'x': : 1.0 1.0, , 'y' 'y': : 1.1 1.1, , 'prio' 'prio': : 5 5 } }, , { { 'x' 'x': : 2.0 2.0, , 'y' 'y': : 2.5 2.5, , 'prio' 'prio': : 1 1 } }, , ] ] svg svg. .selectAll selectAll( ('circle' 'circle') ) . .data data( (data data) ) . .enter enter( () ). .append append( ('circle' 'circle') ) . .attr attr( ('cx' 'cx', , ( (d d) ) => => d d. .x x) ) . .attr attr( ('cy' 'cy', , ( (d d) ) => => d d. .y y) ) . .attr attr( ('r' 'r', , ( (d d) ) => => 10 10 / / d d. .prio prio) ) // larger circle // larger circle 6 . 3 

D3.JS Example Data Example Data Nodes array IDs must be unique Links Array source & target reference IDs references are key based not array index based • • • • • • const const data data = = { { nodes nodes: : [ [ { { id id: : 'web' 'web', , label label: : 'Web Frontend' 'Web Frontend' } }, , { { id id: : 'mobile' 'mobile', , label label: : 'Mobile Device' 'Mobile Device' } }, , { { id id: : 'backend' 'backend', , label label: : 'Monolith Backend' 'Monolith Backend' } }, , { { id id: : 'db' 'db', , label label: : 'Database' 'Database' } } ] ], , links links: : [ [ { { source source: : 'web' 'web', , target target: : 'backend' 'backend' } }, , { { source source: : 'mobile' 'mobile', , target target: : 'backend' 'backend' } }, , { { source source: : 'backend' 'backend', , target target: : 'db' 'db' } } ] ] } } 6 . 4 

D3.JS General Update Pattern General Update Pattern General Update Pattern nodes.data(data) // join nodes.exit() nodes.enter() nodes.merge() // update • • • • • 6 . 5 

D3.JS Pattern Example - Nodes Pattern Example - Nodes // join // join let let nodes nodes = = d3 d3. .select select( (this this. .container container) ) . .selectAll selectAll( ('.node' '.node') ) . .data data( (data data. .nodes nodes, , ( (d d) ) => => d d. .id id) ) // apply data // apply data // exit // exit nodes nodes. .exit exit( () ). .remove remove( () ) // update // update nodes nodes = = nodes nodes. .enter enter( () ) . .append append( ('circle' 'circle') ) . .attr attr( ('id' 'id', , ( (n n) ) => => 'node-' 'node-' + + n n. .id id) ) . .merge merge( (nodes nodes) ) . .attr attr( ('data-title' 'data-title', , ( (n n) ) => => n n. .label label) ) // any html property // any html property . .attr attr( ('class' 'class', , ( (n n) ) => => 'node status-' 'node status-' + + n n. .status status) ) // styling // styling 6 . 6 

D3.JS General Update Pattern - newer Syntax General Update Pattern - newer Syntax svg svg. .selectAll selectAll( ("circle" "circle") ) . .data data( (data data) ) . .join join( ( enter enter => => enter enter. .append append( ("circle" "circle") ). .attr attr( ("fill" "fill", , "green" "green") ), , update update => => update update. .attr attr( ("fill" "fill", , "blue" "blue") ) ) ) . .attr attr( ("stroke" "stroke", , "black" "black") ); ; Source: https://github.com/d3/d3-selection 6 . 7 

D3.JS Links, Key Functions Links, Key Functions let let links links = = d3 d3. .select select( (this this. .container container) ) . .selectAll selectAll( ('.link' '.link') ) . .data data( (data data. .links links. . ( (d d) ) => => d d. .source source. .id id + + '-' '-' + + d d. .target target. .id id) ) // (d) => d.id) - does not work for links` // (d) => d.id) - does not work for links` links links. .exit exit( () ) . .transition transition( (fade fade) ) . .remove remove( () ) links links. .enter enter( () ) . .append append( ('line' 'line') ) . .merge merge( (links links) ) . .attr attr( ('id' 'id', , ( (l l) ) => => 'link-' 'link-' + + l l. .source source. .id id + + '-' '-' + + l l. .target target. .id id) ) . .attr attr( ('marker-end' 'marker-end', , 'url(#end)' 'url(#end)') ) 6 . 8 

D3.JS Layout Engine - D3 Force Layout Engine - D3 Force let let force force = = d3 d3. .forceSimulation forceSimulation( (this this. .network network. .get get( ('nodes' 'nodes') )) ) . .force force( ('link' 'link', , d3 d3. .forceLink forceLink( ( this this. .network network. .get get( ('links' 'links') )) ) . .id id( (d d => => d d. .id id) ) . .distance distance( (100 100) ) . .strength strength( (0.5 0.5) ) ) ) . .force force( ('charge' 'charge', , d3 d3. .forceManyBody forceManyBody( (- -30 30) )) ) . .force force( ('center' 'center', , d3 d3. .forceCenter forceCenter( (this this. .width width / / 2 2, , this this. .height height / / 2 2) )) ) . .force force( ('collide' 'collide', , d3 d3. .forceCollide forceCollide( (50 50) )) ) . .force force( ('position' 'position', , d3 d3. .forceRadial forceRadial( (20 20) )) ) 6 . 9 

D3.JS Layout Engine - Webcola Layout Engine - Webcola let let size size = = [ [this this. .width width, , this this. .height height] ] let let force force = = Cola Cola. .d3adaptor d3adaptor( (d3 d3) ). .size size( (size size) ) force force . .nodes nodes( (this this. .network network. .get get( ('nodes' 'nodes') )) ) . .links links( (this this. .network network. .get get( ('links' 'links') )) ) . .avoidOverlaps avoidOverlaps( (true true) ) . .handleDisconnected handleDisconnected( (true true) ) // .symmetricDiffLinkLengths(25,0.5) // .symmetricDiffLinkLengths(25,0.5) . .jaccardLinkLengths jaccardLinkLengths( (65 65, ,0.8 0.8) ) if if ( (this this. .options options. .flow flow === === 'horizontal' 'horizontal') ) { { force force. .flowLayout flowLayout( ('x' 'x', , 100 100) ) } } force force. .start start( (50 50) ) 6 . 10 

HIDE D3.JS Our Diagram Our Diagram const const network network = = new new Network Network( (data data. .nodes nodes, , data data. .links links) ) const const graph graph = = new new Graph Graph( ({ { width width: : window window. .innerWidth innerWidth, , height height: : window window. .innerHeight innerHeight, , flow flow: : 'horizontal' 'horizontal', , // engine: 'd3', // webcola per default // engine: 'd3', // webcola per default draggable draggable: : true true, , network network: : network network } }) ) graph graph. .init init( () ) graph graph. .on on( ('node:click' 'node:click', , ( (n n) ) => => { { graph graph. .highlightDependencies highlightDependencies( (n n, , { { arrows arrows: : true true } }) ) } }) ) 6 . 11 

OPEN SOURCE Result - Newton Graph Result - Newton Graph https://julie-ng.github.io/newtonjs-graph/ 6 . 12 

Live Demo Live Demo https://github.com/julie-ng/newton-graph/ 7 . 1 

Wrapping Up Wrapping Up Cloud and microservices - complex, not perfect "Computers are useless" "They only give you answers" Before you automate, create People are complex at core of both problem and center of solution • • • • • • • Graphic Source: Julie Zhou, VP Product, Facebook 8 . 1 

WRAPPING UP Ask Questions & Create New Value Ask Questions & Create New Value — Julie Zhou, VP Product, Facebook 8 . 2 

Julie Ng | NodeConf EU | November 2019 BYE BYE Thank you Thank you Twitter Web Newton Graph Tidy JSDoc Template Credits - all stock photos are from amazing photographers on • @jng5 • julie.io • github.com/julie-ng/newton-graph • github.com/julie-ng/tidy-jsdoc Unsplash → 8 . 3