英語教育研究の始め方・進め方：目的に合致した手法選択の重要性

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ӳޠڭҭݚڀͷ࢝ΊํɾਐΊํ ໨తʹ߹கͨ͠ख๏બ୒ͷॏཁੑ Ӝ໺ ݚʢେֶӃӳޠֶઐ߈٬һڭतʗ๺ւֶԂେֶʣ email: [email protected] ໊ݹ԰ֶӃେֶେֶӃ2019೥౓ӳޠηϛφʔ ໊ݹ԰ֶӃେֶؙͷ಺αςϥΠτ ɹɹ2019.12.21. https://www.urano-ken.com/research/NGUSeminar

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͸͡Ίʹ • ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀɿ ԡ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͞ίπͱ ϙΠϯτʢݚڀࣾʣ • ຊॻͷ಺༰ʹ৮Εͭͭɺຊॻ ʹؚΊΔ͜ͱͷͰ͖ͳ͔ͬͨ ͜ͱ΋͓࿩͠͠·͢ ݚڀ

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͸͡Ίʹ ʮݚڀʯͱ͸Կ͔ ݚڀ

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ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ͸ Research is a systematic process of inquiry consisting of three elements or components: a. a question, problem, or hypothesis b. data, and c. analysis and interpretation of data (Nunan, 1992, p. 3) question data interpretation

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question data interpretation → → ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ͸ systematic

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ݚڀ՝୊ σʔλ ղऍ → → ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ͸ ϧʔϧʢํ๏࿦ʣ

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ݚڀʢresearchʣͱ͸ • ݚڀͱ͸ɺݚڀ՝୊ʢ໰͍ʣΛઃఆ ͠ɺࠜڌͱͳΔσʔλΛूΊɺͦͷ౴ ͑Λಋ͖ग़͢ӦΈ • ্هͷ̏ཁૉͦΕͧΕʹ͍ͭͯҰఆͷ ໿ଋ͝ͱ͕͋Δ

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ݚڀ੒ՌΛͲ͜ʹؐݩ͢Δ͔ • ڭࢣʢݚڀऀʣݸਓ • ӳޠڭҭʢݚڀʣ෼໺શମ

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ڭࢣݸਓ΁ͷؐݩΛ໨ࢦ͢ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ ʢpractitioner researchʣ • ෼໺શମ΁ͷؐݩΛ໨ࢦ͢ • ֶज़తͳݚڀ ʢacademic researchʣ

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͷ໨త • ࣗ෼ͷੜెͨͪʹ͍ͭͯͷཧղΛ ਂΊɺ࣮ફ্ͷ໰୊Λղܾ͢Δ • ڭࢣͱͯ͠ͷ੒௕

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ྫɿ • ࢼߦࡨޡͷ݁Ռɺࣗ෼ͷतۀ͕ ͏·͍͘͘Α͏ʹͳͬͨ • ੜె͕΍ΔؾΛݟͤΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͨ • ࣗ෼ͷ୲౰Ϋϥεͷ੒੷্͕͕ͬͨ

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ֶज़తͳݚڀͷ໨త • ӳޠڭҭʢݚڀʣ෼໺શମΛҰา લʹਐΊΔͨΊͷߩݙ • ࣗ෼ͷΫϥεҎ֎Ͱ΋໾ཱͭ஌ݟ • ଞͷจ຺Ͱ΋౰ͯ͸·Δ஌ݟ

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ݚڀͷ໨తʢgoalʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͱֶज़తͳݚڀ • ༏ྼ͸ͳ͍ • ໨త͕ҟͳΓɺํ๏࿦͕ҟͳΔ

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࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ϦϑϨΫςΟϒͳӳޠڭҭΛ ໨ࢦͯ͠ɿڭࢣͷޠΓ͕୓͘ तۀݚڀʢͻͭ͡ॻ๪ʣ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͷํ๏࿦΍ ࣄྫΛऩ࿥ ݚڀ

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࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ӳޠڭࢣͷͨΊͷ࣮ફݚڀ ΨΠυϒοΫʢେमؗॻళʣ • ڭҭ࣮ફΛݚڀͷܗʹ ·ͱΊΔͨΊͷࢦೆॻ ݚڀ

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ֶज़తͳݚڀ ݚڀ • ݚڀ੒ՌΛ෼໺શମʹؐݩ͢ΔͨΊʹ • ࣗ෼ͷݚڀͱଞͷݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣ ͱͷؔ܎Λ໌֬ʹࣔ͢ • ݚڀ݁Ռ͕ଞͷจ຺ʹస༻ʢԠ༻ʣ ՄೳʹͳΔͨΊͷखଓ͖Λ౿Ή

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ݚڀͷ̏ཁૉ ݚڀ՝୊ σʔλ ղऍʢ౴͑ʣ

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ݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆํ๏ 1. ͓ΑͦͷݚڀςʔϚΛܾΊΔ 2. ڵຯɾؔ৺ɺݚڀՁ஋ɺ࣮ߦՄೳੑΛ ݕ౼͢Δ 3. ؔ࿈͢ΔݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣΛूΊɺ ಡΈɺ·ͱΊΔ ݚڀ՝୊

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ݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆํ๏ 1. ͓ΑͦͷݚڀςʔϚΛܾΊΔ 2. ڵຯɾؔ৺ɺݚڀՁ஋ɺ࣮ߦՄೳੑΛ ݕ౼͢Δ 3. ؔ࿈͢ΔݚڀʢઌߦݚڀʣΛूΊɺ ಡΈɺ·ͱΊΔ ݚڀ՝୊

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ݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆํ๏ • ڵຯɾؔ৺ • ΍Γ͍ͨ͜ͱ • ݚڀՁ஋ • ΍Δ΂͖͜ͱɺٻΊΒΕ͍ͯΔ͜ͱ • ࣮ߦՄೳੑ • ΍ΕΔ͜ͱ

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ݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆํ๏ • ઌߦݚڀͷ·ͱΊ 1. ݚڀςʔϚ͕ͲͷΑ͏ͳ੾ΓޱͰ ѻΘΕ͖͔ͯͨ 2. Կ͕ௐࠪ͞ΕɺԿ͕൑໌͠ɺ Կ͕Θ͔͍ͬͯͳ͍͔ 3. ཧ࿦తܽؕɺํ๏࿦త໰୊͸ͳ͍͔

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ݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆํ๏ • Α͍ݚڀ՝୊ • ઌߦݚڀͰॏཁͩͱࢦఠ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ͷʹे෼ௐࠪ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍΋ͷ • ઌߦݚڀʹ໰୊͕͋ΓɺͦΕΛ ղܾ͢Δ΋ͷ

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ݚڀͷछྨ छྨ Ξϓϩʔν ໨త ୳ࡧʗݕূ จݙݚڀ 1. ઌߦݚڀΛ੔ཧ͠಺༰Λݕ౼͢Δ ࣮ূݚڀ ࣭తݚڀ 1. จ຺Λߟྀͯ͠ࣄ৅Λଊ͑Δ ୳ࡧܕ ݕূܕ 2. จ຺Λߟྀͯ͠ࢀՃऀͷม༰Λଊ͑Δ 3. ࢀՃऀͷܦݧ΍ೝࣝΛଊ͑Δ 4. ઌߦݚڀͷର৅֎ͷࣄ৅Λ໌Β͔ʹ͢Δ 5. ݚڀͷ৴ጪੑΛߴΊΔ ྔతݚڀ 1. ࣄ৅ͷಛ௃΍܏޲Λྔతʹهड़͢Δ 2. ࣄ৅ͷؔ࿈ੑΛଊ͑Δ 3. ࣄ৅ͷࠩҟ΍ҼՌؔ܎Λଊ͑Δ Ӝ໺ଞʢ2016, p. 8ʣ

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୳ࡧͱݕূ • ୳ࡧܕͷݚڀ • ઌߦݚڀ͕஝ੵ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ςʔϚ • ؍࡯΍ฉ͖औΓͳͲʹΑΓஸೡʹ σʔλΛऩू͠ɺͦͷத͔ΒԿΒ͔ ͷํ޲ੑΛݟग़͢͜ͱΛ໨ࢦ͢

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୳ࡧͱݕূ • ݕূܕͷݚڀ • ઌߦݚڀ͕஝ੵ͞Εɺ݁Ռʹ͍ͭͯ ͋Δఔ౓༧ଌͷཱͯΒΕΔςʔϚ • ʮԾઆʯΛઃఆͯͦ͠ΕΛݕূ͢Δ

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σʔλͱղऍ • ݚڀ՝୊ʹ߹ͬͨσʔλΛूΊΔ • σʔλͷछྨʹ߹ͬͨ෼ੳɾղऍΛ ߦ͏

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σʔλऩू๏ • ࣄྫݚڀʢcase studyʣ • ؍࡯΍ฉ͖औΓʹΑΓਂ͘ௐࠪ͢Δ • ௐࠪݚڀʢsurvey studyʣ • հೖΛߦΘͣʹσʔλΛऩू͢Δ • ࣮ݧݚڀʢexperimental studyʣ • հೖΛߦ͍ͳ͕ΒσʔλΛऩू͢Δ

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෼ੳɾղऍ • σʔλ෼ੳͱ͸ɺूΊͨσʔλΛ ղऍՄೳͳܗʹཁ໿͢Δ͜ͱ • σʔλͷछྨʹΑͬͯཁ໿ํ๏͕ ҟͳΔ

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σʔλͷछྨ • ࣭తσʔλ • ϑΟʔϧυɾϊʔπ΍ΠϯλϏϡʔͷ จࣈى͜͠ͳͲɺ਺஋ԽΛ൐Θͳ͍ ʢݴޠʣσʔλ • ྔతσʔλ • ௐࠪର৅Λ਺஋ʹΑͬͯදͨ͠ σʔλ

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σʔλͷཁ໿ • ࣭తΞϓϩʔν • ࣭తσʔλΛҙຯతʹཁ໿͢Δ • ྔతΞϓϩʔν • ྔతσʔλΛ౷ܭతʹཁ໿͢Δ

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࣭తΞϓϩʔν • σʔλ෼ੳͱղऍ • ෼ੳͱղऍΛߦ͖དྷ͢Δ • ίʔσΟϯάͱΧςΰϦʔԽ • จ຺ͷॏࢹͱް͍هड़ ʢthick descriptionʣ • స༻Մೳੑʢtransferabilityʣ

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࣭తΞϓϩʔν • σʔλऩू๏ɺ෼ੳ๏ͱ΋ʹଟ༷ • ํ๏࿦ͷཧղʹ͸ɺ࣮ࡍͷݚڀʹ ଟ͘৮ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ඞཁ • Ӝ໺ଞʢ2016ʣͷୈ5ষΛࢀর ʢݚڀࣄྫ΋ؚΊͨղઆ͕͋Δʣ

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ྔతΞϓϩʔν • σʔλ෼ੳ • هड़౷ܭͱਪଌ౷ܭ • ແ࡞ҝநग़ɺແ࡞ҝׂ෇ͷॏཁੑ

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• ໨ͷલͷσʔλʢඪຊʣ͔ΒΑΓେ͖ͳจ຺ ʢ฼ूஂʣΛਪఆ͢Δ • ඪຊͰ؍࡯͞ΕΔࠩɾؔ܎͕ɺ฼ूஂ͔Βͷ ඪຊநग़࣌ͷޡࠩͰੜ͡Δ֬཰ʢp ஋ʣΛ ܭࢉ͢Δ • p ஋͕ج४஋ʢྟք஋ʣҎԼͰ͋Ε͹ʮ༗ҙʯ Ͱ͋ΔʢޡࠩͰ͸ͳ͍ʣͱ൑அ͢Δ ਪଌ౷ܭʢ༗ҙੑݕఆʣ

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฼ूஂ ඪɹຊ ਪఆ σʔλղੳ Σ, F, t, p... ฼ूஂͱඪຊ

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• ແ࡞ҝநग़ʢrandom samplingʣ • ඪຊ͔Β฼ूஂΛਪଌ͢Δ͜ͱ͕Մೳͳͷ ͸ɺແ࡞ҝநग़ͷ͓͔͛ • ແ࡞ҝׂ෇ʢrandom assignmentʣ • ෳ਺ͷάϧʔϓΛ࡞Δͱ͖ɺແ࡞ҝׂ෇ʹ Αͬͯάϧʔϓؒͷ౳࣭ੑΛ୲อ͢Δ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ෇

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• ໰୊఺ • ӳޠڭҭʹ͓͚Δྔతݚڀͷେ൒͸ɺ ແ࡞ҝநग़Λߦ͍ͬͯͳ͍ • ࣮ࡍͷΫϥεΛ࢖͏४࣮ݧݚڀͰ͸ɺ ແ࡞ҝׂ෇΋ߦΘΕͳ͍ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ෇

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• ݚڀ݁ՌͷҰൠԽՄೳੑʢgeneralizabilityʣ ͕୲อ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ • ݚڀ݁ՌΛଞͷจ຺ʹస༻ʢԠ༻ʣՄೳʹ ͢Δͱ͍͏ɺֶज़తͳݚڀͷେલఏ͕ ຬͨ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍ ແ࡞ҝநग़ɾແ࡞ҝׂ෇

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ݚڀ੒Ռͷݸਓ΁ͷؐݩΛ໨తͱͨ͠ ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ݚڀ੒ՌͷҰൠԽΛ໨తͱͨ͠ ֶज़తͳݚڀ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ֶज़తͳݚڀͷ̎ͭͷύϥμΠϜ • ྔతΞϓϩʔνʢ޿͘ຬวͳ͘୳Δʣ • ౷ܭతཁ໿ɿҰൠԽՄೳੑ • ࣭తΞϓϩʔνʢਂ͘ࡉີʹ୳Δʣ • ҙຯతཁ໿ɿస༻Մೳੑ

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೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ

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೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ͸ ͜Ε·ͰԿΛߦ͖͔ͬͯͨ ೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ

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શࠃӳޠڭҭֶձʢJASELEʣͷ৔߹ Mizumoto, Urano, and Maeda (2014) ೔ຊͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • શࠃӳޠڭҭֶձلཁ ARELE ͷୈ1ʙ24߸ʹ ऩ࿥͞Εͨશ࿦จ473ຊͷ͏ͪΦϯϥΠϯͰ ެ։͞Ε͍ͯΔ450ຊΛ෼ੳ

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • ӳޠλΠτϧͱཁࢫͷΩʔϫʔυ෼ੳ • ૯ޠ਺79,143ɺҟޠ਺5,152 • ߹ܭස౓্Ґ300ޠΛର৅ʹΫϥελʔ෼ੳ • લ൒12߸ͱޙ൒12߸ʹ͖Ε͍ʹ෼͔ΕΔ

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • લ൒12߸ͱޙ൒12߸Λൺֱ • ςʔϚͱτϐοΫ • ݚڀख๏ • ޮՌྔͱݕఆྗ

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • લ൒12߸ͱޙ൒12߸Λൺֱ • ςʔϚͱτϐοΫ • ݚڀख๏ • ޮՌྔͱݕఆྗ

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • ݚڀͷछྨʢ࣮ূɾௐࠪɾ࣮ફɾཧ࿦ʣ • ݚڀͷ໨తʢ୳ࡧɾݕূʣ • Ξϓϩʔνʢྔɾ࣭ɾࠞ߹ʣ • հೖʢ༗ɾແʣ

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ཧ࿦ݚڀ ࣮ફใࠂ ௐࠪใࠂ ࣮ূݚڀ ׵ࢉ ߸ ߸

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ͦͷଞ ݕূ ୳ࡧ ׵ࢉʢཧ࿦ݚڀຊҎ֎ܭຊʣ ߸ ߸

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ͦͷଞ ϛοΫε ࣭ ྔ ׵ࢉʢཧ࿦ݚڀຊҎ֎ܭຊʣ ߸ ߸

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հೖͳ͠ հೖ͋Γ ܝࡌຊ਺ ߸ ߸

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Mizumoto et al. (2014) • ·ͱΊ • ࣮ફใࠂ͕গͳ͍ • ୳ࡧܕ͕ଟ͍ʢ͔͠΋૿͍͑ͯΔʣ • ࣭తΞϓϩʔν͕ͱͯ΋গͳ͍ • հೖݚڀ͸গͳ͍͕૿͍͑ͯΔ

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த෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձʢCELESʣͷ৔߹ Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) Ӝ໺ଞ (2012)

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • த෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձلཁୈ36ʙ41߸ʹऩ࿥ ͞Εͨશ࿦จͷ͏࣮ͪূݚڀ151ຊΛ෼ੳ

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ݚڀͷ໨తʢ୳ࡧɾݕূʣ • σʔλʢྔɾ࣭ʣ • ݚڀͷ݁࿦ʢ୳ࡧɾݕূʣ

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" ཧ࿦ݚڀɺจݙݚڀ͸ର৅͔Β֎ͨ͠ " ʻ࣮ફใࠂʼʹ͍ͭͯ͸ผ్෼ੳͨ͠ ํ๏ ! ҎԼͷ෼ྨදʹج͍ͮͯݸʑͷ࿦จΛ෼ྨͨ͠ ! શମͷ܏޲Λ೺Ѳ͢Δ͜ͱ͕໨తͷͨΊɺΫϩενΣοΫ౳ͷ࡞ۀ͸লུͨ͠ λΠϓ ໨త σʔλ ݁࿦ ಛ௃ྫ A ୳ࡧ ྔ ୳ࡧ Ξϯέʔτ΍ςετʹجͮ͘ύΠϩοτతݚڀ B ୳ࡧ ྔ ݕূ ֓೦ͷߏ੒తɾૢ࡞తఆ͕ٛෆे෼ʀԾઆ͕ෆ໌ྎͳ ͷʹྔతσʔλͰݕূΛͯ͠͠·͍ͬͯΔ C ୳ࡧ ࣭ ୳ࡧ ΠϯλϏϡʔ΍؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ɺهड़తݚڀ D ୳ࡧ ࣭ ݕূ ݁࿦͕ඈ༂͠ա͗ͷλΠϓͷݚڀ E ݕূ ྔ ୳ࡧ ݕূͷͨΊͷσʔλ͕ෆे෼͔ɺ ՝୊ͷߜΓࠐΈ΍ૢ ࡞తఆ͕ٛे෼Ͱ͸ͳͯ͘ɺ୳ࡧʹऴΘͬͨλΠϓ F ݕূ ྔ ݕূ యܕతͳԾઆݕূܕͷ࣮ূݚڀ G ݕূ ࣭ ୳ࡧ E ͱಉ༷Ͱɺ࣭తσʔλΛओͱ͢Δݚڀ H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚڀ ݁Ռ 64 70

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H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚ ɽ݁Ռ (%) 42.4 6.6 11.3 1.3 2.0 27.2 1.3 0.0 7.9 64 10 17 2 3 41 2 0 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B C D E F G H ͦͷଞ

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H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚ ɽ݁Ռ (%) 42.4 6.6 11.3 1.3 2.0 27.2 1.3 0.0 7.9 64 10 17 2 3 41 2 0 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B C D E F G H ͦͷଞ 61.6%

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H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚ ɽ݁Ռ (%) 42.4 6.6 11.3 1.3 2.0 27.2 1.3 0.0 7.9 64 10 17 2 3 41 2 0 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B C D E F G H ͦͷଞ 49.0%

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H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚ ɽ݁Ռ (%) 42.4 6.6 11.3 1.3 2.0 27.2 1.3 0.0 7.9 64 10 17 2 3 41 2 0 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B C D E F G H ͦͷଞ 30.5%

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H ݕূ ࣭ ݕূ ϝλݴޠతهड़ςετ΍ߏ଄Խ؍࡯ʹجͮ͘ݚ ɽ݁Ռ (%) 42.4 6.6 11.3 1.3 2.0 27.2 1.3 0.0 7.9 64 10 17 2 3 41 2 0 12 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 A B C D E F G H ͦͷଞ 13.9%

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ୳ࡧΛ໨తͱ͢Δݚڀ͕ଟ͍ • ಛʹΞϯέʔτௐࠪΛத৺ͱͨ͠ྔతݚڀ ͕໨ཱͭ • ٯʹԾઆݕূΛ໨తͱ͢Δݚڀ͕গͳ͍ • ࣭తσʔλΛѻͬͨݚڀ͕গͳ͍

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ୳ࡧܕ͕ଟ͘ɺݕূܕ͕গͳ͍ • ݚڀ੒Ռͷू໿͕ਐ·ͳ͍͓ͦΕ • ݕূܕݚڀ͕૿͑Δ͜ͱ͕๬·͍͠ • ୳ࡧܕͦͷ΋ͷʹ໰୊͕͋ΔΘ͚Ͱ͸ͳ͍

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ͳͥ୳ࡧܕݚڀ͕ଟ͍ͷ͔ • ϖʔδ਺ͷ੍ݶ • ݕূՄೳͳԾઆܗ੒·ͰͷྲྀΕΛ࡞Εͳ͍ • ݚڀͷ࣭ͷ໰୊ • ઌߦݚڀͷ෼ੳ͕ෆे෼ • ʮͱΓ͋͑ͣσʔλΛूΊ·ͨ͠ʯతݚڀ

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ࣭తσʔλΛѻͬͨݚڀ͕গͳ͍ • ࣭తݚڀ๏͕ਁಁ͍ͯ͠ͳ͍Մೳੑ • ϖʔδ਺ͷ੍ݶ͕଍͔ͤʹͳ͍ͬͯΔՄೳੑ • ৹ࠪମ੍͕੔͍ͬͯͳ͍Մೳੑ

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Ӝ໺ଞ (2012) • ·ͱΊ • ద੾ͳݚڀख๏Λબ୒͢Δॏཁੑ • ݕূܕݚڀΛ૿΍͢ඞཁੑ • ࣭తݚڀΛ૿΍͢ඞཁੑ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ద੾ͳݚڀ՝୊ͷઃఆ • ݚڀ໨తʹ߹ͬͨσʔλऩूͱ෼ੳ

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ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ӳޠڭҭݚڀͰ͸ɺ࠷ޙʹʮڭҭతࣔࠦʯΛ ड़΂Δ͜ͱ͕ظ଴͞ΕΔ͜ͱ͕ଟ͍ • ୯Ұͷݚڀ͔ΒࣔࠦΛड़΂ͯ΋Α͍ͷ͔ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ྔతݚڀ • ҰൠԽՄೳੑ͕୲อ͞Ε͍ͯͳ͍৔߹ɺ ຊདྷͳΒݚڀ݁Ռ͸ҰൠԽͰ͖ͳ͍ • ಉ͜͡ͱΛผͷจ຺Ͱߦͬͯ΋ɺ ಉ݁͡Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔอূ͸ͳ͍ • ࠶ݱੑʢreproducibilityʣ໰୊ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ࠶ݱੑʢreproducibilityʣ·ͨ͸࠶ݱՄೳੑ ʢreplicabilityʣ໰୊ • ৺ཧֶ෼໺Ͱେن໛ʹߦͬͨ௥ࢼݚڀͰɺ ಉ݁͡Ռ͕࠶ݱ͞Εͨͷ͸4ׂҎԼͩͬͨ ʢ೔ຊࣾձ৺ཧֶձ޿ใҕһձ, 2016ʣ • ӳޠڭҭ෼໺Ͱ͸Ͳ͏͔ʢߟ͑ͨ͘ͳ͍ʣ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ࣭తݚڀ • ݚڀ݁Ռ͕จ຺ʹґଘ͢ΔͨΊɺ ͦ΋ͦ΋ҰൠԽ͸ߦΘͳ͍ • ް͍هड़Λߦ͏͜ͱͰɺݚڀ݁Ռ͕ผͷ จ຺Ͱ΋౰ͯ͸·Δ͔Ͳ͏͔ͷ൑அΛ ಡऀʹҕͶΔ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ӳޠڭҭݚڀʹ͓͍ͯɺ୯Ұͷݚڀ͔Β ա౓ͳҰൠԽʢڭҭతࣔࠦʣΛߦ͏ͷ͸ ෆద੾ • Ͱ͸Ͳ͏͢Δʁ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ݚڀͷݶքΛਅ伨ʹड͚ࢭΊɺڭҭతࣔࠦ͸ Ͱ͖Δ͚ͩ conservative ͳ΋ͷʹཹΊΔ • େ͖ͳڭҭతࣔࠦ͸ɺݸʑͷݚڀͰ͸ͳ͘ɺ ෳ਺ͷؔ࿈ݚڀͷ݁ՌΛ·ͱΊͨܗͰߦ͏ • ݚڀͷ౷߹ʢresearch synthesisʣͱ ϝλ෼ੳʢmeta-analysisʣ • ௥ࢼʢreplicationʣͷॏཁੑ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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• ౷߹ɾ௥ࢼʹ଱͑͏ΔݚڀΛߦ͏͜ͱ͕ॏཁ • ݚڀՁ஋ͷߴ͍ςʔϚ • ௥ࢼΛߦ͏ͨΊͷ৘ใ։ࣔ • هड़౷ܭྔͷ։ࣔ • ʢͰ͖Ε͹ʣແ࡞ҝׂ෇ͷσβΠϯ ڭҭతࣔࠦ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ݚڀ੒Ռͷݸਓ΁ͷؐݩΛ໨తͱͨ͠ ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀ • ݚڀ੒ՌͷҰൠԽΛ໨తͱֶͨ͠ज़తͳݚڀ • ͨͩ͠୯Ұͷݚڀ͔ΒͷҰൠԽ͸೉͍͠

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ֶज़తͳݚڀΛߦ͏ͷ͸͔ͳΓେม • ӳޠڭࢣ͸ݚڀΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δͷ͔

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͜͜·Ͱͷ·ͱΊ • ඞཁ͸ͳ͍ɺ͚ͩͲ… • ֶज़తͳݚڀΛ͢Δڭࢣ͕૿͑Δ͜ͱ͕ ݚڀͷ஝ੵʹͭͳ͕Γ • ͦͷ݁ՌϑΟʔϧυશମͷൃలʹߩݙͰ͖Δ

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ݚڀҎ֎ͷબ୒ࢶ • ֶज़తݚڀΛߦ͏ͷ͸೉͍͠৔߹͸ɺ ࣮ફతͳݚڀʹ௅ઓͯ͠ΈΔ • ͦΕ΋೉͍͠৔߹ɺʮݚڀʯ͸ߦΘͣʹ ࣮ફͷه࿥Λ͚ͭͯΈΔ • ୳ڀత࣮ફʢexploratory practiceʣ

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୳ڀత࣮ફ • Allright (2003) ͕ఏএ • ໰୊ղܾͰ͸ͳ͘ݱঢ়ཧղΛ໨తͱͨ͠׆ಈ • ࣋ଓՄೳͳܗͰͷ׆ಈ • ࣮ફͷهड़ʢه࿥ʣͱͦΕʹ͍ͭͯͷ಺ল ʢϦϑϨΫγϣϯʣͷه࿥

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୳ڀత࣮ફ • ʮݚڀʯͰ͸ͳ͍ͨΊൃදػձ͸ݶΒΕΔ • த෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձʢCELESʣͰ͸࣮ફใࠂ ͱͯ͠ͷ୳ڀత࣮ફ͕ใࠂ͞Ε͍ͯΔ • ࠓޙଞֶձͰ΋૿͑Δ͜ͱΛظ଴

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• ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀɿ ԡ͓͖͍͑ͯͨ͞ίπͱ ϙΠϯτʢݚڀࣾʣ • ݚڀͷํ๏࿦ʹ͍ͭͯɺଟ͘ ͷ࣮ྫΛ঺հ͠ͳ͕Βղઆ͠ ͍ͯ·͢ ओͳࢀߟจݙ

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• ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫ • ࣭తɾྔతݚڀͷ྆ํʹ͍ͭ ͯஸೡʹղઆ͞Ε͍ͯ·͢ ओͳࢀߟจݙ

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શମͷ·ͱΊ

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શମͷ·ͱΊ • ࣮ફͱͯ͠ͷݚڀͱֶज़తͳݚڀ • ݚڀͷ̏ཁૉʢݚڀ՝୊ɺσʔλɺղऍʣ • ͜Ε·Ͱͷݚڀͷ֓؍ • ҰൠԽͱڭҭతࣔࠦͷ೉͠͞ • ݚڀͷ஝ੵͷॏཁੑ • ୳ڀత࣮ફͷՄೳੑ Ken Urano [email protected] https://www.urano-ken.com/research/NGUSeminar

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• Allright, D. (2003). Exploratory Practice: rethinking practitioner research in language teaching. Language Teaching Research, 7, 113–141. https://doi.org/10.1191/1362168803lr118oa • Mizumoto, A., Urano, K., & Maeda, H. (2014). A systematic review of published articles in ARELE 1–24 : Focusing on their themes, methods, and outcomes. ARELE, 25, 33–48. https://doi.org/10.20581/arele.25.0_33 • ೔ຊࣾձ৺ཧֶձ޿ใҕһձ. (2016). ৺ཧֶݚڀͷ࠶ݱੑʹؔ͢Δ࿦૪. Retrieved from: https://sites.google.com/ site/jssppr/home/reproducibility • Nunan, D. (1992). Research methods in language learning. Cambridge University Press. • ஛಺ཧɾਫຊಞ (ฤ). (2014). ʰ֎ࠃޠڭҭݚڀϋϯυϒοΫ: ݚڀख๏ͷΑΓྑ͍ཧղͷͨΊʹ (վగ൛)ʱ౦ژ: দദ ࣾ. • ాத෢෉ɾ∁໦ѥرࢠɾ౻ా୎࿠ɾୌ୔༤ҰɾञҪӳथ. (2018). ʰӳޠڭࢣͷͨΊͷ࣮ફݚڀΨΠυϒοΫʱ౦ژ: େमؗॻళ. • Ӝ໺ݚɾञҪӳथɾ∁໦ѥرࢠɾాத෢෉ɾ౻ా୎࿠ɾຊాউٱɾ࿱ཧཅҰ. (2012). ӳޠڭҭݚڀ๏ͷաڈɾݱࡏɾ ະདྷ. ୈ42ճத෦஍۠ӳޠڭҭֶձذෞେձɾ՝୊ผݚڀϓϩδΣΫτ. • Ӝ໺ݚɾ࿱ཧཅҰɾాத෢෉ɾ౻ా୎࿠ɾ∁໦ѥرࢠɾञҪӳथ. (2016). ʰ͸͡Ίͯͷӳޠڭҭݚڀ: ԡ͓͖͑ͯ͞ ͍ͨίπͱϙΠϯτʱ౦ژ: ݚڀࣾ. • ٢ాୡ߂ɾۄҪ݈ɾԣߔਈҰ࿠ɾࠓҪ༟೭ɾ༄੉ཅհ (ฤ). (2009). ʰϦϑϨΫςΟϒͳӳޠڭҭΛ໨ࢦͯ͠: ڭࢣͷ ޠΓ͕୓͘तۀݚڀʱ౦ژ: ͻͭ͡ॻ๪. Ҿ༻จݙ