RESPONSIVE WEB TYPOGRAPHY Marko Dugonjić Barcelona, 2015

TYPOGRAPHY ↓ CSS

NARROW WIDE BIG SMALL TIM BROWN vimeo.com/56276418 FINE COARSE

NARROW WIDE FINE COARSE BIG SMALL TIM BROWN vimeo.com/56276418

VARIABLES of the RESPONSIVE READING EXPERIENCE — reading distance viewport width (and height) content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation screen aspect ratio

1 READING DISTANCE

0,26mm 1,3mm 71cm 350cm

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2 VIEWPORT WIDTH

Anything from 45 to 75 characters is widely regarded as a satisfactory length of line for a single-column page set in a serifed text face in a text size. The 66-character line (counting both le ers and spaces) is widely regarded as ideal. For multiple column work, a be er average is 40 to 50 characters. ! ROBERT BRINGHURST webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Horizontal_Motion/2.1.2/ “

ideal 66 max 75 min 45 < 40 chars screen width: 320px

Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

• • • • • • • • Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required.

Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. ! qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq dddddddddddddddddddddddddd Line height for each breakpoint is adjusted according to the line length rendered at that breakpoint. Short line lengths require tighter line spacing, because the reader’s eye doesn’t have to travel much to reach the next line of text. As line length gets longer, more line spacing is required. ! jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj ŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ q d j Š

/* under 45 chars */ body { line-height: 1.4 } p { margin-bottom: 1.4em } ! /* 45–60 chars */ body { line-height: 1.45 } p { margin-bottom: 1.45em } ! /* 60–75 chars */ body { line-height: 1.5 } p { margin-bottom: 1.5em }

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body { background: url(BASELINE-24X24.GIF); }

/* vendor prefix omitted code */ ! body { background-image: linear-gradient(top, #fff 0, #fff 95%, #f00 95%, #f00 100%); ! background-repeat: repeat; background-size: 24px 24px; }

$baseline_S: 1.4; $baseline_M: 1.45; $baseline_L: 1.5; ! body { line-height: #{$baseline_S}; background-size: 100% #{$baseline_S}em } p { margin-bottom: #{$baseline_S}em } ! ! body { line-height: $baseline_M; background-size: 100% #{$baseline_M}em } p { margin-bottom: #{$baseline_M}em } ! ! body { line-height: $baseline_L; background-size: 100% #{$baseline_L}em } p { margin-bottom: #{$baseline_L}em }

letter space, word spac, line space LETTER SPACE WORD SPACE LINE SPACE

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@media only screen and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { p { letter-spacing: .01em; word-spacing: .01em; } } ! /* vendor prefix omitted code */

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3 HIERARCHY

w e b t y p o g r p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . w e b t y p o g r p h y a j s d h j a h s g d T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n t h e d e s k t o p c o m p u t e r , w i t h d e s k t o p r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , w i t h a _ d e s k t o p d o w n _ , r a t h e r t h a n a _ m o b i l e u p _ a p p r o a c h . I t ’ s o b v i o u s t h a t t h e c o r e r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n a r s e n a l o f m e d i a q u e r i e s , f l e x i b l e l a y o u t s a n d f l e x i b l e i m a g e s i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t . # # M A N Y M O R E V A R I A B L E S A p a r t f r o m t h e o b v i o u s v a r i a b l e s — v i e w p o r t w i d t h a n d v i e w p o r t h e i g h t — t h e r e a r e o t h e r s , s u c h a s r e a d i n g d i s t a n c e , p i x e l d e n s i t y ( o r s c r e e n c r u d e n e s s ) , d e v i c e o r i e n t a t i o n a n d v i e w p o r t a s p e c t r a t i o , b u t a l s o t h e c o n t e n t h i e r a r c h y a n d i n f o r m a t i o n d e n s i t y . B e f o r e I e l a b o r a t e e a c h , l e t m e b r i e f l y e x p l a i n t h e r u l e s o f t h e p a r a g r a p h . # # # R e a d i n g d i s t a n c e T h e r e a r e t h r e e w h i t e s p a c e s i n s i d e t h e p a r a g r a p h t h a t a r e i n t e r d e p e n d e n t — t h e l e t t e r s p a c e , t h e w o r d s p a c e a n d t h e l i n e s p a c e . I f a n y o f t h e t h r e e i s c h a n g e d , a l l t h e o t h e r s s h o u l d b e r e a s s e s s e d , t o o . B y p r e s e r v i n g t h e w h i t e s p a c e h i e r a r c h y , w e c a n

16 18 21 24 36 48 60 72

16 18 21 24 36 48

16 18 21 24 36 48

16 18 21 24 36 48

modularscale.com

modularscale.com stats

STYLE OPTIONS ! ! ALL CAPS FOR THE SUBHEAD H2 ! SMALL CAPS FOR THE SUBHEAD H3 ! Italic for the Subhead H4

SUBHEAD ONE Subhead Two SUBHEAD THREE On the opposite side, instead of progressively increasing font size for each heading level, especially as we now have such a vast selection of web fonts available and fonts are rendered with much more detail than before, we can use italics, small caps and all caps at the same letter size to establish text hierarchy. Add bolds into the mix, and you have a palette of at least

/* alternative small caps rules */ ! h3 { font-family: small-caps-typeface; text-transform: lowercase; } h3 { font-feature-settings: "smcp"; /* OpenType */ text-transform: lowercase; } h3 { font-weight: 500; /* if the weight exists */ font-size: 80%; /* give or take */ text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .125em; }

SETTING SUBHEADS WITH CSS blog.typekit.com/2013/07/25/se ing-subheads-with-css/ webdesign.maratz.com/lab/subheads/

4 INFORMATION DENSITY

R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e org izers izer izmn kjla9 jsf lkfo jfa R e s p o n s i v e W e b T y p o g r a p h y T h a n k y o u f o r t h e l o v e l y i n t r o d u c t i o n , R a f a l ! P l e a s e g i v e a w a r m r o u n d o f a p p l a u s e t o t h e o r g a n i z e r s . L e t m e a s k y o u s o m e t h i n g … H a v e y o u e v e r s a v e d a n a r t i c l e w i t h t h e i n t e n t i o n t o r e a d i t l a t e r o n a m o b i l e d e v i c e i n t h e p a r k a s s u m i n g t h a t i t s r e s p o n s i v e w e b d e s i g n i s a l l i t t a k e s f o r t h e b e s t p o s s i b l e r e a d i n g e x p e r i e n c e ? H a v e y o u e v e r b e e n d i s a p p o i n t e d w h e n y o u r e a l i z e d t h a t a r t i c l e s o n m o b i l e a r e h a r d t o r e a d b e c a u s e o f t h e p o o r l y c h o s e n l e t t e r s i z e a n d l a y o u t t h a t a p p e a r t o b e d i s p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e s c r e e n ? S o , w h y i s t h i s h a p p e n i n g ? H o w d o s u c h , o t h e r w i s e b e a u t i f u l r e s p o n s i v e d e s i g n s , e n d u p b e i n g s o p o o r l y e x e c u t e d o n m o b i l e ? T h e a n s w e r i s i n f a c t q u i t e c l e a r — s u c h w e b s i t e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d o n 1 1 2 1 2 organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga organizersj hjhgorganiz ersorga

LESS INFORMATION ! – style variations – indented paragraphs – white space MORE INFORMATION ! – typographic scale – block paragraphs – graphic elements

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5 PIXEL DENSITY

fontbureau.com/ReadingEdge/

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iA ALL, EXCEPT RETINA RETINA LANDSCAPE RETINA PORTRAIT ia.net/blog/responsive-typography/

@font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-A.woff') format('woff'); } @media ... and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { @font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-B.woff') format('woff'); } } @media ... and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (orientation: portrait) { @font-face { font-family: 'Typeface Name'; src: url('Grade-C.woff') format('woff'); } }

6 DEVICE ORIENTATION

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font-to-width.com

! ! – Benton – DIN – Franklin Gothic – Frutiger – Futura – Georgia – Gill Sans – Helvetica ! ! – JAF Bernino – Minion – Myriad – Nimbus Sans – Open Sans – Proxima Nova – Univers – MANY more WEB FONTS available in multiple widths:

typologic.nl/news/live-font-interpolation-with-svg/

typosansplomb.com/ResponsiveInterpolation/

7 SCREEN ASPECT RATIO

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bradfrost.github.io/this-is-responsive/index.html

— ALMOST DONE —

reading distance width and height content hierarchy information density pixel density device orientation screen aspect ratio

! ! – reading distance – screen width – content hierarchy – information density – pixel density – device orientation – screen aspect ratio ! ! – Device – Environment – Time – Activity – Individual – Location – Social CONTEXT IS MULTIFACETED CENNYDD BOWLES cennydd.co.uk/2013/designing-with-context

GRACIAS! ! @markodugonjic speakerdeck.com/maratz

Credits ! Rhythm and Proportion, Robert Bringhurst, h p://webtypography.net/Rhythm_and_Proportion/Horizontal_Motion/2.1.2/ ! Inside Paragraphs, Cyrus Highsmith, h p://insideparagraphs.com ! Graded fonts, Typophile, h p://typophile.com/node/81483 ! Responsive Typography, The Basics, Information Architects, h p://informationarchitects.net/blog/responsive-typography-the-basics/ ! Wrist, Palm, Lap, Desk, Wall, Luke Wroblewski, h ps://twi er.com/lukew/status/273453112902172672 ! The EMs have it: Proportional Media Queries FTW!, Lyza Gardner, h p://blog.cloudfour.com/the-ems-have-it-proportional-media-queries- w/ ! Photo: Empty park bench h p://www.flickr.com/photos/jonasb/21755140/ ! Photo: Golden wedding h p://www.flickr.com/photos/crabchick/4056045781/