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Prototyping Layout with CSS Grid RevolutionConf • May 2018

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Hello! Jess Eldredge  Senior front-end engineer, Splice @jessabean

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Grid systems:  the foundation of design

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Design challenge

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Our requirements • Responsive: grid context changes across breakpoints • Use CSS Grid! • Fallback for browsers that don’t support grid

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What is CSS Grid Layout?

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Floats • Width matters • Equal heights are brittle • Don’t forget clearﬁx!

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Floats • Width matters • Equal heights are brittle • Don’t forget clearﬁx!

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Flexbox • Equal height/width is easy • Vertical centering! • Content ﬂows in ONLY one dimension

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Flexbox • Equal height/width is easy • Vertical centering! • Content ﬂows in ONLY one dimension

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Flexbox • Equal height/width is easy • Vertical centering! • Content ﬂows in ONLY one dimension

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CSS Grid • Layout in 2 dimensions • Children can be placed in open cells of the grid

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CSS Grid • Layout in 2 dimensions • Children can be placed in open cells of the grid

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CSS Grid • Layout in 2 dimensions • Children can be placed in open cells of the grid

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CSS Grid terms

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grid container

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grid item

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grid line

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grid track

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grid cell

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grid gap

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grid gap

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Setting up the grid

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Markup for cuttleﬁsh layout

Cuttlefish Are Awesome!

…

See more facts

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Centering our content wrapper .wrapper { max-width: 20em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } @media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .wrapper { max-width: 38em; } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .wrapper { max-width: 55em; } }

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.grid { display: grid; } Declaring a grid

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } Grid-template-columns

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } Grid-template-columns

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 40px 40px 40px; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr 1fr; } Grid-template-columns

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); } Grid-template-columns: repeat function

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-template-rows: repeat(2, 1fr); } Grid-template-rows

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } Grid-gap

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } Grid-gap

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.grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-gap: 0.75em; // grid-row-gap: 0.75em; Grid-gap

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr); } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(15, 1fr); grid-gap: 1.25em; } } Responsive grid settings

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DEMO: Basic grid

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Placing items on the grid

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.grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } Placing grid items with grid-column-start

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.grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } Placing grid items with grid-column-start

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.grid > * { grid-column-start: 1; grid-column-end: 7; } Placing grid items with grid-column-start

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / 7;  } Grid-column: shorthand

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6;  } Grid-column: span syntax

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6;  } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-start: 1; // grid-column-end: span 6; Grid-column: span syntax

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6;  } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-start: 1; // grid-column-end: span 6; Grid-column: span syntax

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / -1;  } Grid-column: negative grid lines

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.grid > * { grid-column: 1 / -1;  } // Shorthand is equivalent to: // grid-column-start: 1; // grid-column-end: -1; Grid-column: negative grid lines

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.grid { display: grid; }

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.grid { display: grid; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); }

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.grid { display: grid; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; }

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.grid { display: grid; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr); grid-gap: 0.75em; } .grid > * { grid-column: 1 / span 6; }

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Detour! The implicit grid • Explicit grid:   The grid we deﬁne with grid-template-columns or grid-template-rows • Implicit grid:   Automatically-created tracks to accommodate additional content

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.grid { grid-auto-rows: auto; grid-auto-columns: auto; } The implicit grid at work

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.grid { grid-auto-rows: auto; grid-auto-columns: auto; } The implicit grid at work

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.grid { grid-auto-rows: auto; grid-auto-columns: auto; } The implicit grid at work

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.grid { grid-auto-rows: auto; grid-auto-columns: auto; } The implicit grid at work

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { }

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { } @media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 9; } .see-more { grid-column: 10 / span 3; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 9; grid-row: 1; } .see-more { grid-column: 10 / span 3; grid-row: 1; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .item-1 { grid-column: 1 / span 12; } .item-2 { grid-column: 1 / span 4; } .item-3 { grid-column: 5 / span 4; } .item-4 { grid-column: 9 / span 4; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .heading { grid-column: 1 / span 12; } .see-more { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .item-2 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } .item-3 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } .item-4 { grid-column: 13 / span 3; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .item-1 { grid-column: 1 / span 12; grid-row: 2 / span 3; } }

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VIDEO: Final grid at all breakpoints

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Progressive enhancement

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• No auto-placement of grid items • No grid-gap • Grid-column shorthand only speciﬁes start line -ms-grid syntax limitations Applies to IE11, MS Edge <16

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Using feature queries to target CSS Grid at modern browsers @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here }

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Using feature queries to target CSS Grid at modern browsers @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here } .grid { display: flex; }

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.grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-direction: column; } .grid > * { flex: 1 1 auto; } @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here }

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.grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-direction: column; margin: -0.375rem; } .grid > * { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0.375rem; } @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here }

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.grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-direction: column; margin: -0.375rem; } .grid > * { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0.375rem; } @supports (display: grid) { // css grid styles go here } .grid { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; flex-direction: column; margin: -0.375rem; } .grid > * { flex: 1 1 auto; margin: 0.375rem; } @supports (display: grid) { .grid, .grid > * { margin: 0; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .grid { flex-direction: row; } .heading { flex-basis: calc(75% - 0.75rem); } .item-1 { flex-basis: calc(100% - 0.75rem); } .item-2, .item-3, .item-4 { flex-basis: calc(33.333% - 0.75rem); } .see-more { flex-basis: calc(25% - 0.75rem); } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 48em) { .heading { order: 1; } .see-more { order: 2; } .item-1 { order: 3; } .item-2 { order: 4; } .item-3 { order: 5; } .item-4 { order: 6; } } @supports (display: grid) { .grid > * { order: unset; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .grid { margin: -0.625rem; } .grid > * { margin: 0.625rem; } }

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .grid { margin: -0.625rem; } .grid > * { margin: 0.625rem; } } @media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .heading, .item-1 { flex-basis: calc(80% - 1.25rem); } .item-2, .item-3, .item-4, .see-more { flex-basis: calc(20% - 1.25rem); } }

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Flexbox limitations

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@media screen and (min-width: 64em) { .heading { flex-basis: calc(80% - 1.25rem); } .item-1 { flex-basis: calc(100% - 1.25rem); } .item-2, .item-3, .item-4 { flex-basis: calc(33.333% - 1.25rem); } .see-more { flex-basis: calc(20% - 1.25rem); } }

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There’s a lot more to CSS Grid

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• Named column lines • grid-template-area • grid-auto-rows / grid-auto-columns / grid-auto-flow • auto-fill & auto-fit • minmax More Grid features

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• Source order and semantics are important • Use grid placement for visual display, but be mindful of document order for speech and keyboard navigation • Tab order will follow document order, not visual order CSS Grid and Accessibility

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CSS Grid or Flexbox?

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CSS Grid or Flexbox?

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CSS Grid or Flexbox?

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You can use CSS Grid TODAY

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http://labs.jensimmons.com/2017/01-005.html

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http://redonion.se/cssgrid/

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https://gridsetapp.com/specs/fonmon/?gridset=show

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Do we need grid systems?

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https://www.rachelandrew.co.uk/archives/2017/07/01/you-do-not-need-a-css-grid-based-grid-system/

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– Miriam Suzanne http://oddbird.net/2017/06/28/susy3/ “If you have the browser-support matrix to start using the CSS Grid module directly, you should do it, and forget about Susy.”

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placeholder: screenshot simpliﬁed grid for prototype

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placeholder: screenshot simpliﬁed grid for prototype

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Resources • Rachel Andrew: https://gridbyexample.com/learn/ • Jen Simmons: http://jensimmons.com/post/feb-27-2017/learn-css-grid • MDN: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout • CSSWG: https://github.com/w3c/csswg-drafts/issues

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• Download Firefox! • Examine your browser support requirements • Start CSS Grid conversation between design and development • Choose a feature and start using CSS Grid Layout! Next Steps

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Thank you! Links to demo code https://grid-prototype-revconf2018.glitch.me/ https://github.com/jessabean/grid-prototype-revconf2018 Slides https://speakerdeck.com/jessabean/prototyping-layout-with-css-grid-revconf2018  @jessabean | [email protected]