4年の開発が積み重なったアプリへのリファクタリング手法

by Jun Ikeda

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೥ͷ։ൃ͕ੵΈॏͳͬͨ ΞϓϦ΁ͷϦϑΝΫλϦϯάख๏ :BIPP+"1"/஑ాಯ 1

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w γεςϜͱνʔϜΛ஌Δ w ࢖͏ٕज़ΛܾΊΔ w औΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δઃܭ΍ख๏ w औΓ૊Μͩ݁Ռ ໨࣍ 2

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˞͋͘·Ͱख๏΍ઃܭͷҰྫͰ͢ɻ 3

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γεςϜͱνʔϜΛ஌Δ 4

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w ೥݄ʹϦϦʔεͯ͠೥ܦ͍ͬͯΔ w .71΍.77.ͳͲͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ະಋೖ w "DUJWJUZ΍'SBHNFOUʹϩδοΫ͕࣮૷͞Εͯ ͍ΔՕॴଟ͍ w ඼࣭ͱ։ൃεϐʔυͷ୲อ͕೉͍͠ঢ়ଶʹ :BIPPχϡʔεΞϓϦ 5

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νʔϜͷঢ়گ w "OESPJEΤϯδχΞ໊ɻ w "͞Μɿ೥͘Β͍୲౰ w #͞Μɿ೥͘Β͍୲౰ w ࢲɿ೥݄͔Β୲౰ 6

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w .71΍.77.ͳͲͷΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸ະಋೖ w 7JFXʹϩδοΫ͕࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ w ਓͷதͩͱࣗ෼͕Ұ൪ઃܭͷܦݧ͋Δ ίʔυݹ͍͠ɺͬͦ͘͞ϦϑΝΫλͯ͠΍Δʂ 7

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w ೥ؒ.71΍.77.ͷ࢓૊Έͳ͠ w 7JFXʹϩδοΫ͕࣮૷͞Ε͍ͯΔ w ਓͷதͩͱࣗ෼͚ͩγχΞΤϯδχΞɺઃܭͷܦݧ͋Δ ίʔυݹ͍͠ɺͬͦ͘͞ϦϑΝΫλͯ͠΍Δʂ μϝ 8

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͍͖ͳΓணख͠ͳ͍ w αʔϏε΍γεςϜͷ͜ͱΛ஌Βͳ͍ͱྑ͍બ୒͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ɻ w ։ൃ͸νʔϜͰߦ͏΋ͷɻνʔϜϝϯόʔΛ஌Δ͜ͱ΋େ੾ɻ w ݱίʔυͰଟ͘ͷϢʔβʔʹ࢖ͬͯ΋Β͍ͬͯΔ͠ɺ  ച্΋্͍͛ͯΔɻಈ͍͍ͯΔίʔυʹ΋ͬͱϦεϖΫτΛɻ w ϲ݄͘Β͍։ൃۀ຿Λߦ͍ͳ͕Β؍࡯ͨ͠ɻ 9

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؍࡯ɿγεςϜΛ஌Δ w ϩʔΧϧ%#΁ͷΩϟογϡ w هࣄछผͷ஌͕ࣝଟ͍  ΧςΰϦɾτϐοΫεɾ߸֎ w #''͸ͳ͘ɺෳ਺ͷ"1*Λୟ͍ ͯͭͷϦετΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ΋ඞ ཁ γεςϜͷಛੑ 10

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؍࡯ɿγεςϜΛ஌Δ w ϩʔΧϧ%#΁ͷΩϟογϡ w هࣄछผͷ஌͕ࣝଟ͍  ΧςΰϦɾτϐοΫεɾ߸֎ w #''͸ͳ͘ɺෳ਺ͷ"1*Λୟ͍ ͯͭͷϦετΛ࡞Δ͜ͱ΋ඞ ཁ γεςϜͷಛੑ w σʔλऔಘઌΛந৅Խ͍ͨ͠ w ಛఆൣғͷؔ৺ࣄΛՕॴʹू ໿͍ͨ͠ w ෳ਺ͷ"1*͔ΒඇಉظͰऔಘɺ ଴ͪ߹Θͤɺ૊Έ߹Θͤ  ղܾ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ 10

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w ΞϓϦʹݶΒͣ  χϡʔεαʔϏεͷ஌͕ࣝ๛෋ w 7JFXपΓͷ࣮૷͕ಘҙ w 3Y+BWB΍%*ͷܦݧ͸  ͋·Γͳͦ͞͏ ؍࡯ɿνʔϜΛ஌Δ 11

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w ΞϓϦʹݶΒͣ  χϡʔεαʔϏεͷ஌͕ࣝ๛෋ w 7JFXपΓͷ࣮૷͕ಘҙ w 3Y+BWB΍%*ͷܦݧ͸  ͋·Γͳͦ͞͏ ؍࡯ɿνʔϜΛ஌Δ w ੹຿ͷڥք͸ਓʹ൑அ  ͯ͠΋Β͓͏ w ະܦݧͷٕज़Λͨ͘͞Μಋೖ  ͢Δͷ͸ֶशίετߴ͍ 11

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࢖͏ٕज़ΛܾΊΔ 12

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໨ࢦ͢͜ͱΛ໌֬ʹ w ׳Εɾ؆୯ΑΓ΋ɺ࢓૊Έ͕γϯϓϧͰมߋʹڧ͍͜ͱ w ఆٛ΍ݪཧͷਖ਼͠͞ΑΓࣗ෼ͨͪʹ߹͏͜ͱ w Ϟμϯελϯμʔυͳٕज़ʹ௥ै͢Δ͜ͱ ઃܭ΍ٕज़બఆͷ൑அ࣠ 13

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αʔϏεಛੑʹ߹͏ w σʔλऔಘઌΛந৅Խ͍ͨ͠ w ಛఆൣғͷؔ৺ࣄΛՕॴʹू ໿͍ͨ͠ w ෳ਺ͷ"1*͔ΒඇಉظͰऔಘɺ ଴ͪ߹Θͤɺ૊Έ߹Θͤ  ؍࡯ͯ͠ݟ͚ͭͨղܾ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ 14

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αʔϏεಛੑʹ߹͏ w σʔλऔಘઌΛந৅Խ͍ͨ͠ w ಛఆൣғͷؔ৺ࣄΛՕॴʹू ໿͍ͨ͠ w ෳ਺ͷ"1*͔ΒඇಉظͰऔಘɺ ଴ͪ߹Θͤɺ૊Έ߹Θͤ  ؍࡯ͯ͠ݟ͚ͭͨղܾ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ ϦϙδτϦύλʔϯ %%%ͷ஋ΦϒδΣΫτ 3Y+BWB ղܾͷͨΊͷٕज़ 14

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͍͖ͳΓֶशίετΛ্͛͗͢ͳ͍ 3Y+BWB ະܦݧͩͱ͜ΕͭͰ΋  ֶशίετߴ͍ -JWF%BUB %BUB#JOEJOH ·ͣ͸3Y+BWBʹ׳Εͯ΋Β͏ %BHHFS ·ͣ͸ίϯετϥΫλΠϯδΣ Ϋγϣϯ͢Δ͜ͱʹ׳Εͯ΋Β ͏ʢ,PUMJOͷσϑΥϧτҾ਺ʣ ࠾༻ ࠓճݟૹΓ 15

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ܾΊͨཧ༝ΛυΩϡϝϯτʹ࢒͢ w ໨ࢦ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ w αʔϏεͷಛੑ w ղܾ͍ͨ͜͠ͱ w ΞʔΩςΫνϟͷ֓ཁ w ࣮૷ͷͨΊͷϥΠϒϥϦͨͪ w ύοέʔδߏ੒ w ଥڠͨ͠఺ w ࠾༻Λݟૹͬͨ΋ͷʢͱͦͷཧ༝ʣϦετ w ࢀߟʹͨ͠ॻ੶΍8FCϖʔδ ͳͥ͜͏ͳͬͯΔʁΛઆ໌  Ͱ͖Δ ٕज़ͷਐาʹ߹Θͤͯɺ  ܧଓతʹมߋͰ͖ΔΑ͏ʹ͢ Δ 16

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औΓ૊ΜͰ͍Δઃܭ΍ख๏ 17

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.77.ϨΠϠʔԽ 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX w ΞʔΩςΫνϟ͸  .77.ϨΠϠʔԽ 18

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3FQPTJUPSZ w σʔλͷอଘͱऔಘ w 8FC"1*ͱϩʔΧϧʢ%# 1SFGFSFODFTʣΛந৅Խ 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 19

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%PNBJO w ϏδωεϩδοΫ͸%PNBJOʹด͡ࠐ ΊΔ w ,PUMJOͷEBUBDMBTTΛ࢖ͬͯ஋Φϒ δΣΫτΛ࣮૷ w ෭࡞༻ͷͳ͍ؔ਺Λ࣋ͭ 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 20

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7JFX.PEFM 7JFX.PEFM w දࣔͷͨΊͷঢ়ଶ؅ཧ w 7JFXΠϕϯτ͔Βඞཁͳॲཧ࣮ߦ 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 21

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7JFX w 7JFX.PEFM͔ΒྲྀΕ͖ͯͨσʔλʹ൓ Ԡ͢Δ͚ͩɺϩδοΫΛ࣋ͨͳ͍ w JG จࣈྻ͕ۭ ͷΑ͏ͳ൑ఆϩδοΫΛ ॻ͍ͪΌͩΊ w "DUJWJUZ$POUFYU͸7JFX૚͚ͩͰ࢖͏ɺ 7JFX૚Ҏ֎͸"QQMJDBUJPO$POUFYU 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 22

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ w ͜Ε·Ͱ͸7JFXʹϩδοΫ͕ॻ͔Ε͍ͯͯɺͦΕʹ׳Εͨঢ়ଶ  ͩͬͨɻ w ॳาతͳ಺༰͕ͩɺ·ͣ͸ͱʹ͔͘7JFXͱϩδοΫΛ෼཭͢Δɻ 23

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमલ %PNBJO 24

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमલ 7JFX %PNBJO 24

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େྔͷJT&NQUZ ΍൑ఆ͕ϘσΟϒϩʔͷΑ͏ʹμϝʔδΛ༩͑Δɻɻɻ 7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमલ 7JFX %PNBJO 24

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमޙ %PNBJO 25

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमޙ %PNBJO 25

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7JFX͔ΒϩδοΫΛണ͕͢ɿվमޙ %PNBJO 7JFX 25

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ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ 7JFX 26 ϩδοΫ" 7JFX 7JFX w 7JFXʹϩδοΫ͕  ॻ͔Ε͍ͯΔঢ়ଶ w ಉ͡ϩδοΫ͕ෳ਺ͷը໘ ʹॏෳ͍ͯ͠Δ ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ$ ϩδοΫ# ϩδοΫ#

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7JFX 27 7JFX 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ

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7JFX 27 w ੔ཧͯ͠%PNBJOʹ  ϩδοΫΛҠಈ %PNBJO %PNBJO 7JFX 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ

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৽7JFX 27 w ੔ཧͯ͠%PNBJOʹ  ϩδοΫΛҠಈ %PNBJO %PNBJO 7JFX 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ w ͭͷը໘ͷ7JFXΛ  ॻ͖׵͑Δ

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ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ৽7JFX 28 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ %PNBJO %PNBJO ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ w ผͷը໘΋%PNBJOʹҠಈ ͨ͠ϩδοΫΛ࢖͏Α͏ʹ ͢Δ 7JFX

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৽7JFX 28 w 7JFX૚ͷίʔυ͕ݮΔ 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ %PNBJO %PNBJO ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ w ผͷը໘΋%PNBJOʹҠಈ ͨ͠ϩδοΫΛ࢖͏Α͏ʹ ͢Δ 7JFX

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৽7JFX 29 %PNBJO %PNBJO ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ 7JFX w ίʔυ͕ݮͬͨ7JFXΛ  ॻ͖׵͑Δ

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৽7JFX 29 w ը໘୯ҐͰϦϑΝΫλΛ׬ ྃͤ͞ɺશମͷஔ͖׵͑Λ ໨ࢦ͢ %PNBJO %PNBJO ϩδοΫ" ϩδοΫ# ৽7JFX 7JFX ϩδοΫ$ ίʔυ੔ཧͷεςοϓ w ίʔυ͕ݮͬͨ7JFXΛ  ॻ͖׵͑Δ

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ґଘؔ܎ w 7JFX.PEFM͕7JFXΛ஌Βͳ͍  Α͏ʹ͢Δ͜ͱ w %PNBJO͕ଞʹґଘ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 3FQPTJUPSZ %PNBJO 30

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σʔλͷྲྀΕ %PNBJO4FSWJDF ஋ΦϒδΣΫτ 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 3FQPTJUPSZ 3Y+BWB4USFBN ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ 31

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σʔλͷྲྀΕ %PNBJO4FSWJDF ஋ΦϒδΣΫτ 7JFX.PEFM 7JFX 3FQPTJUPSZ 3Y+BWB4USFBN ؔ਺ݺͼग़͠ w 3Y+BWBͷ4USFBNΛ4VCTDSJCF  ͢Δͷ͸7JFX૚ͷΈʹ੍ݶ w 4VCKFDU 1SPDFTTPS ͸࢖Θͳ͍ 3Y+BWBͷར༻ϧʔϧΛઃ͚ɺ ֶशίετ௿Լϝϯςφϯεੑ ޲্Λ໨ࢦ͢ 31

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औΓ૊Μͩ݁Ռ 32

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औΓ૊Έͱ݁Ռ w ࠷΋ར༻਺ͷଟ͍τοϓը໘ΛϦϑΝΫλϦϯά׬ྃ w ݕ౼ɾઃܭɾ։ൃ߹Θͤͯϲ݄͘Β͍ w େ͖ͳόάͳͲͳ͘ɺίʔυͷݟ௨͕͠ྑ͘ͳͬͨ w ։ൃ͠΍͍͢ঢ়ଶʹͳΓɺΤϯδχΞ͔Β৽ػೳͷఏҊ΋ 33

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νʔϜͷมԽ w ઃܭʹ͍ͭͯٞ࿦͢Δස౓͕૿͑ͨɻ  ڭ͑ΔڭΘΔؔ܎͔Β͓ޓ͍ʹֶ΂Δؔ܎΁ͷมԽɻ w ݟૹͬͨ෦෼΍ଥڠ఺ʹରͯٙ͠໰ɺ࣍ʹऔΓ૊Ή΂͖͜ͱ͕ݟ͖͑ͯͨɻ w ίϯετϥΫλΠϯδΣΫγϣϯݫ͘͠ͳ͍ʁ w ੒௕࣮ײ͢Δͷخ͍͠ʂ 34

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͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ :BIPPχϡʔεΞϓϦͥͻ͝ར༻͍ͩ͘͞ 35