Linuxコンテナの基本と最新情報 (2014-11-14)

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Linuxίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ ୈ 5 ճ ίϯςφܕԾ૝Խͷ৘ใަ׵ձˏେࡕ Ճ౻ହจ 2014-11-14 Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 1 / 30

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୭? Ճ౻ହจ ϑΝʔεταʔόגࣜձࣾɹج൫։ൃ෦ ΤϯδχΞืूதͰ͢ http://www.ten-forward.ws/ @ten forward http://gplus.to/tenforward https://github.com/tenforward http://d.hatena.ne.jp/deﬁant/ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 2 / 30

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୭? 2010 ೥ࠒʹ cgroup ͷௐࠪΛ࢝Ίͨͷ͕͖͔͚ͬͰίϯςφ पลΛ৭ʑ͓͔͚ͬͯͨͷ͕ߴͯ͜͡ͷษڧձΛ΍ͬͯ·͢ LXC ΁ͷίϛοτ ೔ຊޠ man pages ࠷ۙ͸গ͠ίʔυ΋ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 3 / 30

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୭? Plamo Linux ϝϯςφ LXC ͰֶͿίϯςφೖ໳ɹʔܰྔԾ૝Խ؀ڥΛ࣮ݱ͢Δٕज़ gihyo.jp Ͱ࿈ࡌ ʲվగ৽൛ʳLinux ΤϯδχΞཆ੒ಡຊ (ٕज़ධ࿦ࣾ) Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 4 / 30

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Linuxίϯςφͷجૅ (͓͞Β͍) Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 5 / 30

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ίϯςφͱ͸ Χʔωϧ͕࣋ͭػೳͰಠཱۭͨؒ͠Λ࡞Γग़͠ɺϦιʔεΛ ෼ׂɾ෼഑͢Δ ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓԽͯ͠ଞͷάϧʔϓͱϦιʔεۭؒΛִ཭ άϧʔϓԽͨ͠ϓϩηεʹର͢ΔϦιʔε੍ݶ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 6 / 30

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LinuxͰίϯςφΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊͷओͳػೳ Namespace(໊લۭؒ) ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓԽͯ͠ଞͷάϧʔϓͱִ཭ Cgroup άϧʔϓԽͨ͠ϓϩηεʹର͢ΔϦιʔε੍ݶ ωοτϫʔΫ (veth, macvlan) chroot (pivot root) έʔύϏϦςΟ ͳͲʜ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 7 / 30

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Namespace Mount (2.4.19) ϓϩηε͔Βݟ͍͑ͯΔϚ΢ϯτͷू߹ɺૢ࡞Λ෼཭ UTS (2.6.19) ϗετ໊ͳͲ uname(2) ͕ฦ͢஋ͷू߹Λ෼཭ PID (2.6.24) PID ۭؒͷ෼཭ IPC (2.6.19) SysV IPC ΦϒδΣΫτɺPOSIX ϝοηʔδΩϡʔ User (3.8) ಠཱͨ͠ UID/GID ۭؒͱ਌ۭؒͷϚοϐϯά Network (2.6.26) ωοτϫʔΫϦιʔεͷ෼཭ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 8 / 30

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Cgroup cpu ୯Ґ࣌ؒ಺ʹάϧʔϓ಺ͷλεΫ͕࣮ߦͰ͖Δ࣌ؒͷ੍ݶ (2.6.24) άϧʔϓؒͰͷ CPU ࣌ؒͷׂ౰ͷׂ߹Λࢦఆ (3.2) cpuacct (2.6.24) άϧʔϓ಺ͷ CPU ࣌ؒͷϨϙʔτ cpuset (2.6.24) ׂΓ౰ͯΔ CPUɺϝϞϦϊʔυͷׂ౰ device (2.6.26) σόΠε΁ͷΞΫηεڐՄɺ੍ݶ freezer (2.6.28) άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηε͢΂ͯʹରͯ͠Ұ࣌ఀࢭɺ࠶։ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 9 / 30

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Cgroup blkio άϧʔϓؒͰͷ I/O ͷ༏ઌ౓Λࢦఆ (2.6.33) άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηεͷσόΠεʹର͢Δ I/O Λ bps/iops ஋ Ͱ੍ݶ (2.6.37) memory (2.6.29) ϝϞϦ࢖༻ྔͷ੍ݶɻϢʔβϝϞϦͱϖʔδΩϟογϡ hugetlb (3.6) perf event (2.6.39) άϧʔϓ୯ҐͰ perf πʔϧͰϞχλϦϯάՄೳ net cls (2.6.29) άϧʔϓ಺ͷϓϩηε͔Βग़ΔύέοτʹࣝผࢠΛ͚ͭ tc,netﬁlter Ͱ੍ݶ (netﬁlter ͸ 3.14) net prio (3.3) άϧʔϓؒͰͷωοτϫʔΫͷΠϯλʔϑΣʔε͝ͱͷ༏ઌ౓ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 10 / 30

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ωοτϫʔΫ veth ରͱͳΔΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࡞੒͠ɺΠϯλʔϑΣʔεؒͰ௨ ৴ (L2 τϯωϦϯά) macvlan ෺ཧΠϯλʔϑΣʔεʹผͷ MAC ΞυϨε͕෇͍ͨ৽͍͠ ΠϯλʔϑΣʔεΛ࡞੒ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 11 / 30

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Linuxίϯςφ࠷৽৘ใ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 12 / 30

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ίϯςφؔ࿈ͷࠓޙͷಈ͖ Cgroup ͷେվ଄ Memory Cgroup Namespace ؔ܎ͷػೳ௥Ճ CRIU LXC/LXD overlayfs Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 13 / 30

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Cgroupେվ଄ (1) Cgroup ͷಛ௃͓͞Β͍ ػೳ͝ͱʹαϒγεςϜʹ෼͔ΕΔ cgroupfs ΛϚ΢ϯτͯ͠σΟϨΫτϦͰάϧʔϓΛද͢ ϓϩηεΛάϧʔϓ಺ͷ tasks ϑΝΠϧʹ௥Ճ͢Δͱؔ࿈͢Δ λεΫ͕εϨου୯ҐͰάϧʔϓʹ௥Ճ͞ΕΔ ෳ਺֊૚ߏ଄ɻվ଄ߏ଄͝ͱʹҟͳΔπϦʔΛ࡞੒Ͱ͖Δɻͨ ͩ͠ɺҰͭͷαϒγεςϜ͕ॴଐͰ͖ΔπϦʔ͸Ұͭ πϦʔͷͲͷϨϕϧͷάϧʔϓʹ΋λεΫ͕ॴଐͰ͖Δ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 14 / 30

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Cgroupେվ଄ (2) Cgroup ͷ໰୊఺ ΧΦε ෳ਺ͷ֊૚ͰҟͳΔπϦʔΛ࡞Δ αϒγεςϜ͝ͱʹ֊૚ߏ଄ͷಈ͖͕ҧ͏ (਌ͷӨڹ) ਌ࢠؒͷάϧʔϓͷؔ܎ ਌άϧʔϓʹଐ͢Δϓϩηεͱࢠάϧʔϓʹଐ͢Δϓϩηεͷ ؔ܎͸? ͔͠΋ͦΕͧΕͷϓϩηεͷࢠϓϩηε΍εϨου· Ͱߟ͑Δͱ!? ؅ཧ୯Ґͷ໰୊ ϝϞϦ͸ϓϩηε୯Ґͷ؅ཧͳͷʹεϨου୯ҐͰొ࿥ αϒγεςϜ͕ػೳ͝ͱʹΘ͔Ε͍ͯͯɺෳ਺֊૚ߏ଄͕࣋ͯ ΔͷͰɺαϒγεςϜಉ࢜ͷڠௐಈ࡞͕೉͍͠ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 15 / 30

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Cgroupେվ଄ (3) sane behavior Φϓγϣϯ (·ͱ΋ͳৼΔ෣͍!!) 3.16 ͔ΒࢼͤΔ (ͨͩ͋͘͠·Ͱ͓ࢼ͠) mount -t cgroup -o __DEVEL__sane_behavior \ cgroup /path/to/cgroup Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 16 / 30

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Cgroupେվ଄(4) ୯Ұ֊૚ߏ଄ ϓϩηε୯ҐͰ؅ཧ ϓϩηε͕ॴଐ͠ͳ͍άϧʔϓ͚͕ͩࢠάϧʔϓΛ࣋ͯΔ (ϧʔτΛআ͘) ֊૚͝ͱʹ༗ޮʹͰ͖ΔαϒγεςϜΛࢦఆͰ͖Δɻͨͩ͠ɺ ਌άϧʔϓͰ༗ޮʹͳ͍ͬͯΔαϒγεςϜͷΈ࢖༻Մೳ άϧʔϓʹଐ͢Δϓϩηε͕ͳ͘ͳͬͨ௨஌Λ poll ͱ [id]notify Ͱड͚औΕΔ (release agent ഇࢭ) ৄ͘͠͸ Linux 3.16 ͔ΒࢼͤΔ cgroup ͷ୯Ұ֊૚ߏ଄ (1) Linux 3.16 ͔ΒࢼͤΔ cgroup ͷ୯Ұ֊૚ߏ଄ (2) Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 17 / 30

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Memory CgroupͷKernel Memory੍ݶ memory αϒγεςϜͰΧʔωϧϝϞϦͷ੍ݶ ػೳͱͯ͠͸ଘࡏ͢Δ͕ɺઈࢍ։ൃத Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 18 / 30

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Namespaceؔ࿈ σόΠεؔ࿈ͷٞ࿦͕೤͍ ݱࡏɺσόΠε͸Ծ૝Խ͞Ε͓ͯΒͣϗετͱڞ௨ (Cgroup ʹΑΔ੍ݶͷΈ) ৽͍͠σόΠε͕௥Ճ͞Ε͔ͨΒͱݴͬͯશίϯςφʹ udev ͷΠϕϯτ͕ඈͿҙຯ͸͋·Γͳ͍ ͔͠͠ҙຯͷ͋ΔσόΠε΋͋ΔͩΖ͏ Loop Fuse console, X display, iscsi ͳΜ͔΋ඞཁͱ͍͏࿩΋ User Namespace ͷ root ͕ߦ͑Δಈ࡞ͷݕ౼ ίϯςφ಺͔ΒϑΝΠϧγεςϜͷϚ΢ϯτ ৽͍͠ Namespace ͷύονͷఏҊ Log Namespace Cgroup Namespace (!) Ҏલ ns cgroup ͱ͍͏΋ͷ͕͕͋ͬͨͦΕͱ͸ผ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 19 / 30

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CRIU(1) http://criu.org/ OpenVZ ϓϩδΣΫτͷ Checkpoint/Restore ࣮૷ ΞϓϦέʔγϣϯͷ͋Δ࣌఺ͷঢ়ଶΛอଘ͠ɺ࠶։Ͱ͖Δ Χʔωϧ 3.11 Ҏ߱Ͱ࢖༻Մೳ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 20 / 30

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CRIU(2) ubuntu@criu1:~$ sudo lxc-start -n ct01 ubuntu@criu1:~$ sudo lxc-checkpoint -v -n ct01 -s -D /tmp/checkpoint (νΣο ΫϙΠϯτॲཧޙʹίϯςφఀࢭ) ubuntu@criu1:~$ sudo lxc-ls --fancy NAME STATE IPV4 IPV6 GROUPS AUTOSTART -------------------------------------------- ct01 STOPPED - - - NO ubuntu@criu1:~$ ls /tmp/criu/ cgroup.img fdinfo-17.img inventory.img pages-15.img core-170.img fdinfo-18.img ipcns-msg-9.img pages-16.img core-176.img fdinfo-2.img ipcns-sem-9.img pages-17.img core-1.img fdinfo-3.img ipcns-shm-9.img pages-1.img core-260.img fdinfo-4.img ipcns-var-9.img pages-2.img core-261.img fdinfo-5.img iptables-8.img pages-3.img : (snip) ubuntu@criu1:~$ sudo rsync -avz --devices --rsync-path="sudo rsync" \ /var/lib/lxc/ct01 [email protected]:/var/lib/lxc ubuntu@criu1:~$ sudo rsync -avz --rsync-path="sudo rsync" \ /tmp/checkpoint [email protected]:/tmp Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 21 / 30

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CRIU(3) ubuntu@criu2:~$ ls /tmp/criu/ cgroup.img fdinfo-3.img ipcns-sem-9.img pages-3.img core-1.img fdinfo-4.img ipcns-shm-9.img pages-4.img core-255.img fdinfo-5.img ipcns-var-9.img pages-5.img core-260.img fdinfo-6.img iptables-8.img pages-6.img : (snip) ubuntu@criu2:~$ sudo lxc-checkpoint -n ct01 -r -D /tmp/checkpoint -v -d ubuntu@criu2:~$ sudo lxc-ls -f NAME STATE IPV4 IPV6 GROUPS AUTOSTART -------------------------------------------------- ct01 RUNNING 10.0.3.200 - - NO Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 22 / 30

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LXCؔ࿈ LXC 1.1.0 ʹ޲͚ͯ։ൃத LXC 1.1.0.alpha2 Ͱগ͠଍౿Έ CRIU ରԠ (lxc-checkpoint ίϚϯυ) lxc-start ίϚϯυ͸σʔϞϯϞʔυ͕σϑΥϧτʹ nbd ετϨʔδόοΫΤϯυ lxc-execute Ͱىಈ͢ΔΞϓϦέʔγϣϯίϯςφͷ४උ͕ ָʹ download ςϯϓϨʔτΛ࢖ͬͨ৔߹ɺ࡞੒͞ΕΔίϯςφ Ͱ͸Ϣʔβઃఆ͕ඞཁɻroot ͷύεϫʔυ΍σϑΥϧτϢʔ β͸࡞੒͞Εͳ͍ LXD αΠτϦχϡʔΞϧ (४උத) Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 23 / 30

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LXD LXD The Linux Container Daemon ϦϞʔτ͔Β REST API Λ࢖ͬͯ LXC ίϯςφΛૢ࡞Մೳ ͳσʔϞϯͱ ίϚϯυϥΠϯ I/F (୯ҰͷίϚϯυ) OpenStack ϓϥάΠϯ Go ݴޠͰهड़ (go-lxc Λ࢖༻) https://github.com/lxc/lxd Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 24 / 30

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overlayfs Union Filesystem (aufs ͱҰॹ) ίϯςφͱ͸௚઀ؔ܎͋Γ·ͤΜ 3.10 ͷࠒϚʔδ͞ΕΔͱ͍͏࿩͕͕͋ͬͨ 3.18 ͰϚʔδ͞ Εͦ͏ ίϯςφͷΫϩʔϯΛ࡞੒͢Δͱ͖ͷϑΝΠϧγεςϜͱ͠ ͯ LXC ͔Βར༻Ͱ͖Δ Ubuntu/Plamo ͩͱඇಛݖίϯςφͷΫϩʔϯʹ΋࢖͑·͢ Ubuntu 14.04 LTSɺPlamo Linux 5.2(࠷৽Χʔωϧ) Ͱར ༻Մೳ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 25 / 30

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overlayfs(2) # ls -F lower/ overlay/ upper/ work/ # touch lower/lower # touch upper/upper # mount -n -t overlayfs -o lowerdir=lower,upperdir=upper,workdir=work \ overlayfs overlay # ls overlay/ lower upper # touch overlay/overlay # ls overlay/ lower overlay upper # umount overlay # ls upper/ overlay upper ˞ Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ͷΧʔωϧͷ overlayfs ͷόʔδϣϯ͸ݹ ͍ͷͰ workdir Φϓγϣϯ͸ෆཁ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 26 / 30

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࠷ޙʹ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 27 / 30

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ίϯςφք۾ ·ͩ·ͩมԽ͕ܹ͍͠Ͱ͢Ͷ (Kernel, LXC, Docker) ৭ʑ஫໨ͯ͠ௐ΂͓ͯ͘ඞཁ͕͋Γ·͢ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 28 / 30

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ڠྗऀืू ڠྗऀืूத ೔ຊޠ man pages linuxcontainers.org ϦχϡʔΞϧͰ຋༁த ϨϏϡʔɺ຋༁ ͜ͷษڧձ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 29 / 30

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͝ਗ਼ௌ͋Γ͕ͱ͏͍͟͝·ͨ͠ Ճ౻ହจ Linux ίϯςφͷجຊͱ࠷৽৘ใ 2014-11-14 30 / 30