PHP 也有 Day #48：我是誰？我在哪？

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我是誰︖我在哪︖ 聊聊 Web 的身分驗證

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ABOUT MILES CURRENT Senior Developer @ 104 Corp. Volunteer @ DevOps Taiwan TAG PHP, Docker, DevOps [email protected] MilesChou

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今天將會聊些什麼 Terminology Scenario Native App Security Topic

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Terminology Authentication Entity Identiﬁer

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Server User

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Server User Entity

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Server User Entity Identiﬁer

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Server User Entity Identiﬁer Miles Miles

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Server User Entity Identiﬁer Authentication Miles Miles

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基本的安全問題請求真的是該使⽤者本身的意願所發出的請求嗎︖ 有沒有可能被竄改︖有沒有機會造假︖ 回應真的是伺服器的回應嗎︖ 有沒有可能被竄改︖有沒有機會造假︖

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Scenario 從前從前，有個網站提供了很多服務

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安安你好，第⼀一次來來嗎？第⼀一次來來的都是絕緣⼈人哦！為了了讓你不再絕緣，你先跟我講好，要怎麼驗證你是誰！

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註冊的⽬的使⽤者提供憑證資訊，如帳號、密碼、etc 伺服器提供 metadata

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註冊的⽅法線上註冊私訊註冊線下註冊

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User Login 身為⼀個使⽤者，我希望能使⽤網站提供的服務

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安安你好，第⼆二次來來嗎？站著！⼝口令？誰？我知道你是麥爾斯了了，可是我⾦金金⿂魚腦！ 24 分鐘內記得過來來刷新⼀一下！

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User Login Challenge State Management Mechanism

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實作 Laravel Auth Zend Authentication

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Server-side Authentication 身為⼀個伺服器，我希望能呼叫網站提供的 API

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How about Authorization?

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Server-side Authentication Trusted Server VPN、鎖 IP、發 token、etc. OAuth 2.0 Facebook、Google、GitHub、AWS、etc.

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Terminology - OAuth 2.0 Authorization Resource Owner Resource Server Client Authorization Server

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Authorization Request

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Authorization Grant

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Authorization Grant

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Access Token

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Access Token

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Authorization Server Resource Owner Resource Server Client Protected Resource

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微信偷連結 Facebook︖ 到底花⽣省魔術︖請看 VCR！

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微信偷連結 Facebook︖ Facebook 實作了 OAuth 2.0 微信 App 為 Client 授權範圍

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Third-party Login 身為⼀個外部網站，我希望能透過貴站做身分驗證

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安安你好，你是麥爾斯的跟班嗎？有刷過麥爾斯的臉就可以進場了了哦！但過⼀一回兒後，我還會再跟麥爾斯確認，你還是不是他的跟班

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Third-party Login OAuth 2.0 Facebook, Google, GitHub, etc. OpenID Connect AppleID, Line, Google, Auth0, etc. SAML GitHub, Google, etc.

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Server User Provider Authentication Check

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OpenID Connect

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OpenID Connect Based-on OAuth 2.0 Use JWT on ID token Discovery Dynamic Client Registration

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Authorization Server Client End User Login

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Authorization Server Client End User Redirect to Authorization Server scope=openid

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Authorization Server Client End User Authorization Request

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GET / POST

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Authorization Server Client End User Challenge

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Authorization Server Client End User User Credentials

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Authorization Server Client End User Authorization Request

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Authorization Server Client End User Authorization Grant

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Authorization Server Client End User Redirect to Client with Code

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Authorization Server Client End User Use Code to get Access Token ID Token

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ID token

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簽章圖⽚來源：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Private_key_signing.svg

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簽章演算法 HS256 - HMVC using SHA-256 Line RS256 - RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 using SHA-256 AppleID, Google ES256 - ECDSA using P-256 and SHA-256 AppleID

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Discovery AppleID Line Google

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⽤用講的不就很會？做⼀一個來來看看啊！

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Demo

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Native App

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先講結論不要⽤嵌入式 User Agent，即麻煩又危險可使⽤ PKCE 來解決這個問題

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Chrome on Mobile 圖⽚來源：https://www.ory.sh/oauth2-for-mobile-app-spa-browser/

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App on Mobile 圖⽚來源：https://www.ory.sh/oauth2-for-mobile-app-spa-browser/

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Security Topic

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基本 TLS CSRF XSS CSP Same-origin Policy

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HTML 登入無標準協定網路釣⿂

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Covert Redirect Redirect url 驗證

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清除登入狀態 Token Revoke 的時機 OpenID Session Management Front-Channel Logout Back-Channel Logout

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Extra - Password 千萬不要存明碼 MD5 與 SHA1 已被認為是不安全的演算法建議使⽤ SHA256

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Extra - Cookie 問題核⼼在於過度依賴 Cookie 作為身分驗證的⼿段 CSRF Session Hijacking Session Fixation Weak Conﬁdentiality Weak Integrity

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Q & A