Cocoa is the new Carbon: The Future of Apple’s Beloved Framework

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Cocoa is the new Carbon The Future of Apple’s Beloved Framework © akosma 2015 1

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Adrian Kosmaczewski @akosma https://github.com/akosma © akosma 2015 2

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“Everything changes and nothing stands still.” Heraclitus of Ephesus, (535 - 475 BC) © akosma 2015 3

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“Πάντα χωρεῖ καὶ οὐδὲν μένει” Ἡράκλειτος © akosma 2015 4

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6502 → 68000 → PowerPC → Intel → ARM © akosma 2015 7

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8 bit → 16 bit → 32 bit → 64 bit © akosma 2015 8

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Integer Basic → Object Pascal & MacApp → C++ & Metrowerks PowerPlant → Objective-C & Cocoa → Swift & Standard Library © akosma 2015 9

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Procedural → Object Oriented → Functional © akosma 2015 10

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“"Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose."” Jean-Baptiste Alphonse Karr (1808 - 1890) © akosma 2015 11

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Heraclitus ! Jean-Baptiste © akosma 2015 12

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Transitional Technologies © akosma 2015 13

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Mac 68k Emulator 1992 - 2008 (!) © akosma 2015 14

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Macintosh Application Environment 1994 - 1998 © akosma 2015 15

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Classic Environment Deprecated in OS X 10.5 "Leopard" 2000 - 2008 © akosma 2015 16

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Carbon Deprecated in OS X 10.8 "Mountain Lion" 2000 - 2012 #if __i386__ #include #else #include #endif © akosma 2015 17

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The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure 2003 - now © akosma 2015 18

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Rosetta Deprecated in OS X 10.7 "Lion" 2006 - 2011 © akosma 2015 19

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Universal Binaries © akosma 2015 20

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Objective-C 2.0 (1/2) 2006 - now // Before @implementation SomeClass - (NSObject *)stuff { return _stuff; } - (void)setStuff:(NSObject *)newStuff { [newStuff retain]; [_stuff release]; _stuff = newStuff; } @end © akosma 2015 21

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Objective-C 2.0 (2/2) 2006 - now // After @interface SomeClass @property (nonatomic, strong) NSObject *stuff; @end © akosma 2015 22

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LLVM Around 2009 → Xcode Static Analyzer → Automatic Resource Counting (ARC) © akosma 2015 23

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Cocoa 1988 - now Deprecated in 5… 4… 3… ! @import Cocoa; © akosma 2015 24

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nullable Objective-C Pointers 1 ! @interface LocationDataController : NSObject @property (nonnull, nonatomic) NSArray *locations; @property (nullable, nonatomic) Location *latestLocation; - (void)addPhoto:(nonnull Photo *)photo forLocation:(nonnull Location *)location; - (nullable Photo *)photoForLocation:(nonnull Location *)location; @end 1 "Swift 1.2" by Nate Cook © akosma 2015 25

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Cocoa should remain for backwards compatibility during 10 years at least, until 2025! © akosma 2015 26

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What is Swift? © akosma 2015 28

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Modern Safe Fast Interoperable © akosma 2015 29

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Features © akosma 2015 31

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Protocols, Pattern Matching Generics, Tuples, Optionals, Enums Strong Typing, Type Inference Structs, Functions © akosma 2015 32

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OOP features of Swift are based in Functional primitives and mechanisms! © akosma 2015 33

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Inspiration © akosma 2015 34

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C#, JavaScript, Haskell, Erlang, Ruby, C++, Java, Scala © akosma 2015 35

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How would the successor of Cocoa look like? © akosma 2015 37

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Gedankenexperiment ! © akosma 2015 38

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Swift Standard Library let array = [10, 200, 3000] for (pos, value) in enumerate(array) { println("\(pos): \(value)") } // 0: 10 // 1: 200 // 2: 3000 © akosma 2015 40

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LINQ (1/2) public void linq() { List products = GetProductList(); var expensive = from p in products where p.Stock > 0 && p.Price > 1000 select p; foreach (var product in expensive) { Console.WriteLine(product.Name); } } © akosma 2015 41

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LINQ (2/2) func linq(){ let products = productsList() let expensive = products .ﬁnd { p in p.stock > 0 && p.price > 1000 } for p in expensive { println(p.name) } } © akosma 2015 42

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Dollar.swift let double = { (params: Int...) -> [Int] in return $.map(params) { $0 * 2 } } let subtractTen = { (params: Int...) -> [Int] in return $.map(params) { $0 - 10 } } let doubleSubtractTen = $.compose(double, subtractTen) doubleSubtractTen(5, 6, 7) => [0, 2, 4] © akosma 2015 44

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Alamoﬁre let user = "user" let password = "password" Alamoﬁre.request(.GET, "http://somewhere.over/the.rainbow") .authenticate(user: user, password: password) .validate(statusCode: 200..<300) .responseString { (_, _, string, _) in println(string) } .responseJSON { (_, _, JSON, _) in println(JSON) } © akosma 2015 45

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Notification Center (1/3) struct Notification { let name: String } func postNotification (note: Notification , value: A) { let userInfo = ["value": Box(value)] let center = NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter() center.postNotificationName(note.name, object: nil, userInfo: userInfo) } © akosma 2015 46

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Notification Center (2/3) class NotificationObserver { let observer: NSObjectProtocol init(notification: Notification, block aBlock: A -> ()) { let center = NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter() observer = center.addObserverForName(notification.name, object: nil, queue: nil) { note in if let value = (note.userInfo?["value"] as? Box )?.unbox { aBlock(value) } } } deinit { … } } © akosma 2015 47

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Notification Center (3/3) let notif: Notification = Notification(name: "Global panic") let myError: NSError = NSError(domain: "io.objc.sample", code: 42, userInfo: [:]) postNotification(notif, myError) let observer = NotificationObserver(notification: notif) { err in println(err.localizedDescription) } © akosma 2015 48

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Events (1/2) class Event { typealias EventHandler = T -> () private var eventHandlers = [EventHandler]() func addHandler(handler: EventHandler) { eventHandlers.append(handler) } func raise(data: T) { for handler in eventHandlers { handler(data) } } } © akosma 2015 49

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Events (2/2) let event = Event() event.addHandler { println("Hello") } event.addHandler { println("World") } event.raise() // What? let event = Event<(String, String)>() event.addHandler { a, b in println("Hello \(a), \(b)") } event.raise("First", "Second") © akosma 2015 50

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SwiftyUserDefaults Defaults["color"] = "red" Defaults["launchCount"] = 0 Defaults["color"] ?= "white" Defaults["ﬁrstLaunchAt"].date // returns NSDate? Defaults["launchCount"] += 1 if !Defaults.hasKey("hotkey") { Defaults.remove("hotkeyOptions") } © akosma 2015 51

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SwiftMoment let today = moment() let before = moment("2015-01-19") let earlier = before < today // true let soon = today + 1.hours let duration = 5.hours + 56.minutes let format = "EE yyyy/dd MMMM HH:mm" let birthday = moment("Tue 1973/4 September 12:30", format)! let str = birthday.format(dateFormat: "EE QQQQ yyyy/dd/MMMM") // "Tue 3rd quarter 1973/04/September" © akosma 2015 52

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Protocols, Pattern Matching Generics, Tuples, Optionals, Enums Strong Typing, Type Inference Structs, Functions © akosma 2015 54

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Special thanks to Junior Bontognali @bontojr for the organisation Fabrice Truillot de Chambrier @fabricetdc And the great people I follow on Twitter © akosma 2015 60