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Think Small Use HTML and CSS to design for small screen Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Agenda Viewports Media Queries Mobile Layout CSS Mobile-Related Features CSS Techniques for Mobile Apps Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Ynet on the iPhone page is “zoomed out” so everything will ﬁt in. Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Most websites are optimized for 960px, but mobile devices usually have less. How will you show “normal” web sites on mobile ? Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Determines how many pixels ﬁt on the page Mobile devices “do their best” to ﬁt everything in the viewport - sometimes not optimal This can be controlled with viewports Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Same Page Different Viewport Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport use viewport meta tag to prevent zooming Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Device World Device World Viewport Viewport Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Options Directive Example Value Meaning width width=320 width=device- width logical viewport width, in pixels height height=480 height=device- height logical viewport height, in pixels Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Options Directive Example Value Meaning user-scalable user- scalable=no user can zoom in/out initial-scale initial-scale=2.0 initial zoom factor maximum-scale minimum-scale maximum- scale=2.5 min/max zoom factors Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport When should you use viewport ? Use on desktop optimized sites with ﬂuid layout Use on mobile optimized site or app No need on desktop optimized site with ﬁxed layout Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Quiz What does the following mean ? What is the recommended value ? initial-scale width user-scalable Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Viewport Quiz What does the following mean ? What is the recommended value ? initial-scale: initial page zoom factor width: width of the viewport. Use device-width user-scalable: Allow user to scale content Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Android DPI Sunday, October 9, 2011

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The Problem Same screen size Different resolution Sunday, October 9, 2011

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target-densitydpi= device-dpi Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Android Dpi Android devices support variable dpi devices Use target-densitydpi to control automatic scaling due to dpi differences Default value: 160 (medium density) Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Q & A Viewports Media Queries Mobile Layout Options CSS Mobile-Related Features CSS Techniques for Mobile Apps Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries Mobile devices vary in size and capabilities CSS Media Queries allow us to use different css properties based on the device Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries The medium density device is delivered a 320x480 image The high density device is delivered a 480x800 image Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries Example #header { background:url(medium-density-image.png); } @media screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) { /* CSS for high-density screens */ #header { background:url(high-density-image.png); } } @media screen and (-webkit-device-pixel-ratio: 0.75) { /* CSS for low-density screens */ #header { background:url(low-density-image.png); } } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries Example It’s also possible to use completely different css ﬁles Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries Query device density Query device dimensions Query device orientation Query iPad Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions Smartphones: portrait & landscape @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 569px ) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions Smartphones: landscape @media only screen and (min-width : 321px) and (max- device-width : 569px ) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions Smartphones: portrait @media only screen and (max-width : 320px) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions iPads: portraits & landscape @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device-width : 1024px ) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions iPads: landscape @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max- device-width : 1024px ) and ( orientation : landscape ) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Query Device Dimensions iPads: portrait @media only screen and (min-device-width : 768px) and (max-device- width : 1024px ) and ( orientation : portrait ) { /* style goes here */ } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Media Queries html5 mobile boilerplate provides a ready made empty css ﬁle with all of the above http://html5boilerplate.com/mobile/ Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Q & A Viewports Media Queries Mobile Layout Options CSS Mobile-Related Features CSS Techniques for Mobile Apps Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Layout newsgeek.co.il mobile optimized one column only vertical scrolling Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Layout One column Top navigation bar Bottom navigation bar - tabs Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Layout A nav bar at the bottom Dividing to pages saves bandwidth Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Layout Facebook keeps a top navigation bar Note the single column ﬂow Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Layout Yahoo mobile works with the same single column Top navigation bar vertical scroller “twist” Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Exercise Implement a blog layout Show a snippet from every post Bonus: Have your blog look different on desktop and mobile Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Top Navigation Bar use ﬂoated list elements for the horizontal top menu wrap them in a div for the bar Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Design Limitations overﬂow: scroll is not supported on iPhone & Android devices. animated gif is not supported on Android devices position: ﬁxed is not supported on iPhone & Android devices. See http://www.quirksmode.org/m/table.html for more info Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Q & A Viewports Media Queries Mobile Layout Options CSS Mobile-Related Features CSS Techniques for Mobile Apps Sunday, October 9, 2011

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CSS Mobile Features Rounded Corners Shadows Gradients Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Rounded Corners use -webkit-border- radius to get the effect No need to use background images Sample use: -webkit-border-radius: 8px; Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Shadows use -webkit-box- shadow to get a shadow effect rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6) will work as the shadow color Sample Use: -webkit-box-shadow: 5px 5px 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Gradients CSS 3.0 added support for gradients use them instead of background images to save bandwidth Online gradient generator: http://www.colorzilla.com/ gradient-editor/ Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Small Screen Design Use CSS instead of background images wherever possible Keep navigation elements visible and large Less is More Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Exercise Implement the photo gallery on the right Note black/white gradient top bar Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Q & A Viewports Media Queries Mobile Layout Options CSS Mobile-Related Features CSS Techniques for Mobile Apps Sunday, October 9, 2011

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CSS Common Techniques Mobile input types Apple style icon Header buttons Transition Effects Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Input Types input type=”tel” numeric keypad Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Input Types input type=”number” numbers/special chars keyboard Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Input Types input type=”url” opens url keypad Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Mobile Input Types input type=”email” email keypad (note the @) Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Apple Style Icons Take any image and create an apple styled icon from it using css This includes: light from top, round corners, shadows Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Apple Style Icons The markup

Android

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Apple Style Icons Style - container div .icon { zoom: 5; display: inline-block; text-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5) 2px 2px 2px; color: #000; font: bold 11px helvetica; text-align: center; margin: 8px; } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Apple Style Icons .icon div { -webkit-border-radius: 8px; width: 57px; height: 57px; margin: 0 auto 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); -wbekit-box-sizing: border-box; background-image: -webkit-gradient(radial, 50% -40, 37, 50% 0, 100, from(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75)), color-stop(30%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0)), color-stop(30%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), url(icon.jpg); -webkit-background-size: auto auto, 100% 100%; } Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Header Buttons position: absolute border radius transparent background gradient styled text Sunday, October 9, 2011

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HTML Markup

Buttons Example

Edit Back

Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Header Style Uses background: webkit-gradient to create the gradient dynamically height 44 px padding 10 px full code in examples folder Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Header Button Style position: absolute to ﬁx the position to the left or right min-width: 44 px - ﬁnger size border radius for the rounded corners full code in examples folder Sunday, October 9, 2011

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CSS Common Techniques Mobile input types Apple style icon Header buttons Transition Effects Sunday, October 9, 2011

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CSS Transition Controls the transition between element states Allows animating transitions Uses 3D acceleration Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Demo - Transitions Each state is represented by a CSS class Clicking the button changes element state Sunday, October 9, 2011

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-webkit-transition transition-property transition-duration transition-timing- function transition-delay Sunday, October 9, 2011

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transition-property Almost any property can be animated Use all to catch everything Full list at: https://developer.mozilla.org/en/css/ css_transitions Sunday, October 9, 2011

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transition-duration How long the property animation should take Use time in seconds or ms (can be < 1s) Sunday, October 9, 2011

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transition-timing- function Determines the timing function for the animation Live demo at: http://www.the-art-of-web.com/css/ timing-function/ Sunday, October 9, 2011

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transition delay Delay between value change and animation start Can be used to coordinate multiple animating objects Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Exercise Implement a yahoo style “top news” section Click next to animate to the next image Click prev to animate to the previous image Hint: use a wide background image, animating background- position Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Transition Effects Mobile apps usually have some native animations for changing screens On the web, we can implement these using css transformations Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Slide Effect A slide effect is built of two child divs and a parent with overﬂow:hidden Sliding is achieved by changing the translate- x of the child divs Sunday, October 9, 2011

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Flip Effect Two divs take the same position, one is rotated 180 deg on the y axis webkit-backface-visibility causes its back to stay hidden A click changes the rotation for both divs Sunday, October 9, 2011