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Accessibility for web teams: Recategorising WCAG 2 Lisa Herrod Web Directions South 2011

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How to Create Accessible Sites When the rest of the team doesn’t give a S#!t Lisa Herrod Web Directions South 2011

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Web Directions 2007

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4 of 50 Progressive Enhancement Interactivity Design Structure Content

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General C 1.1 Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element. D 2.1 Ensure that all information conveyed with colour is also available without colour, for example from context or markup. C IA F 6.1 Organize documents so they may be read without style sheets. C D F S 6.2 Ensure that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes. Images and image maps F 1.2 Provide redundant text links for each active region of a server-side image map. Data tables F 5.1 For data tables, identify row and column headers. Frames F 12.1 Title each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation. Applets and scripts D F S 6.3 Ensure that pages are usable when scripts, applets etc are turned off or not supported. If this is not possible, provide equivalent information on an alternativ page. Multimedia C 1.3 Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an audio description of the important visual information of a mu presentation. C D M F 1.4 For any time-based multimedia presentation (e.g., a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (e.g., captions or auditory descriptions of the with the presentation. And if all else fails C F 11.4 If you cannot create an accessible page, provide a link to an alternative page that is accessible, has equivalent information (or functionality), and is updated inaccessible page.

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General C 1.1 Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element. D 2.1 Ensure that all information conveyed with colour is also available without colour, for example from context or markup. C IA F 6.1 Organize documents so they may be read without style sheets. C D F S 6.2 Ensure that equivalents for dynamic content are updated when the dynamic content changes. Images and image maps F 1.2 Provide redundant text links for each active region of a server-side image map. Data tables F 5.1 For data tables, identify row and column headers. Frames F 12.1 Title each frame to facilitate frame identification and navigation. Applets and scripts D F S 6.3 Ensure that pages are usable when scripts, applets etc are turned off or not supported. If this is not possible, provide equivalent information on an alternative accessible page. Multimedia C 1.3 Until user agents can automatically read aloud the text equivalent of a visual track, provide an audio description of the important visual information of a multimedia presentation. C D M F 1.4 For any time-based multimedia presentation (e.g., a movie or animation), synchronize equivalent alternatives (e.g., captions or auditory descriptions of the visual track) with the presentation. And if all else fails C F 11.4 If you cannot create an accessible page, provide a link to an alternative page that is accessible, has equivalent information (or functionality), and is updated as often as the inaccessible page.

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Guidelines continue to encounter resistance  Lack of resources  Lack of knowledge  Sense of irrelevance by certain web roles 360 respondents 2010

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How is a11y incorporated?  Best practices  WCAG  User Testing 360 respondents 2010

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Re-categorise accessibility guidelines into role-based groupings  Guidelines become:  more accessible  more integrated  Reduce project timelines and costs  Improved accessibility from initial design stages  Higher skilled team members

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Expertise typically rests (of 6) Accessibility Specialists & Front End Developers

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Understanding of guidelines is unbalanced across a web team:  GLs are not implemented or evaluated by domain experts.  Bottle-necks occur

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Problem 3 Additional time and money Assessing, Reporting, Repairing

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Problem 4 Poor knowledge around collaborating for the most accessible outcomes.

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Problem 5 More time on Compliance issues means... Less time for User Research

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Problem 6 Poor user experience for users of guidelines

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The Solution... A role-based approach makes accessibility guidelines more relevant & more accessible to more people

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Current Classifications  WCAG 1.0 is defined by content types  WCAG 2.0 is defined by four principles of accessibility: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust.

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The role-based method identifies 7 generic roles on a web team 1. Content writer 2. Visual designer 3. Front-end developer 4. Scripting (e.g. javascript) 5. Multimedia 6. User experience (e.g. information architecture, interaction design) 7. Accessibility specialist

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http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/quickref/ How to meet WCAG 2.0

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Supports individuals in making a positive change... whether or not they have explicit support

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A generic template can be provided as a guide

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Benefits...

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Domain Experts are responsible for relevant GLs 1. Exploit Domain Expertise

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2. Accessibility spread more evenly  From the outset  No bottle necks  Self-evaluate as you go  Responsibility spread across more people with greater domain expertise.

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3. Costs are reduced  Less time and money spent evaluating gls & remediating design flaws

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4. Collaboration and Independence  Improved collaboration between team members around accessible practices;

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5. Less time on Compliance  Accessibility Specialist budget can be used to conduct user research, identifying deeper level issues.

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6. Improved UX of Guidelines  Greatly improved user experience of Accessibility Guidelines for all web practitioners, increasing likelihood of uptake by practitioners in non-technical roles (e.g. visual designers, content developers).

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Additional benefits

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Social Innovation & The Network Effect Portability and easy transference of the method as practitioners move company to company or team to team

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Role Base Design The Poster The Workshop Both available from November 2011

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Keep in Touch! [email protected] @scenariogirl ScenarioSeven.com.au