Server Side Swift and GraphQL: A Match Made In Heaven Or Hell? - Deep Dish Swift, Chicago IL, May 2023

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SERVER-SIDE SWIFT AND GRAPHQL: A MATCH MADE IN ! HEAVEN OR HELL ? DEEP DISH SWIFT | CHICAGO, IL | MAY 2023 ELLEN SHAPIRO | MASTODON.SOCIAL/@DESIGNATEDNERD | PIXITEAPPS.COM

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FULL ! DISCLOSURE @[email protected]

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/fwooper7/9650957891

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SOME DEFINITIONS @[email protected]

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"Docker is a container virtualization platform that builds on tools like Virtual Box!" @[email protected]

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SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS @[email protected]

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SOME BASIC DEFINITIONS FOR A LOT OF APPS @[email protected]

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YOUR APP'S DATA @[email protected]

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YOUR APP'S DATA THE INFORMATION YOU WANT TO STORE, MANIPULATE AND/OR DISPLAY @[email protected]

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THE SERVER @[email protected]

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THE SERVER THE PLACE WHERE THE CANONICAL VERSION OF YOUR DATA LIVES @[email protected]

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THE SERVER THE PLACE WHERE THE CANONICAL VERSION OF YOUR DATA LIVES (Eventually)

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data > Some way to fetch data from storage @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data > Some way to fetch data from storage > Some way to receive requests for data @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data > Some way to fetch data from storage > Some way to receive requests for data > Some way to return responses for requested data @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data > Some way to fetch data from storage > Some way to receive requests for data > Some way to return responses for requested data > Some security mechanisms @[email protected]

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THE SERVER @[email protected]

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SERVER-SIDE SWIFT @[email protected]

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SERVER-SIDE SWIFT INFRASTRUCTURE TO BUILD AND RUN THE SERVER IN SWIFT @[email protected]

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VAPOR @[email protected]

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VAPOR A SWIFT LIBRARY FOR RUNNING YOUR SERVER @[email protected]

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FLUENT @[email protected]

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FLUENT A SWIFT ADAPTER FOR TALKING TO MULTIPLE DATA STORAGE TYPES @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data (Fluent) > Some way to fetch data from storage (Fluent) > Some way to receive requests for data > Some way to return responses for requested data > Some security mechanisms @[email protected]

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THE SERVER > Some way to store data (Fluent) > Some way to fetch data from storage (Fluent) > Some way to receive requests for data (Vapor) > Some way to return responses for requested data (Vapor) > Some security mechanisms (mostly Vapor) @[email protected]

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A CLIENT @[email protected]

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A CLIENT A THING THAT INTERACTS WITH DATA FROM YOUR SERVER @[email protected]

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A CLIENT > Requests data from the server @[email protected]

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A CLIENT > Requests data from the server > Processes and displays data from the server @[email protected]

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A CLIENT > Requests data from the server > Processes and displays data from the server > Processes and displays user input @[email protected]

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A CLIENT > Requests data from the server > Processes and displays data from the server > Processes and displays user input > Sends updated data to the server @[email protected]

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A CLIENT @[email protected]

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EXAMPLES OF CLIENTS > Website @[email protected]

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EXAMPLES OF CLIENTS > Website > iOS App > Android App @[email protected]

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EXAMPLES OF CLIENTS > Website > iOS App > Android App > Another server not owned by you @[email protected]

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EXAMPLES OF CLIENTS > Website > iOS App > Android App > Another server not owned by you > An IoT Device @[email protected]

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Photo via https://flickr.com/photos/ockam/16307930064

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THE PUBLIC API @[email protected]

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THE PUBLIC API THE DEFINITION OF HOW THE CLIENT AND SERVER CAN TALK TO EACH OTHER @[email protected]

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APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE @[email protected]

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INTERFACE @[email protected]

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REST @[email protected]

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REST REPRESENTATIONAL STATE TRANSFER @[email protected]

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api/user/1 { "id": "1", "name": "Bart Simpson" "age": "10" "family_member_ids": [ "2", "3", "4", "5" ] } @[email protected]

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api/user/1: { "id": "1", "name": "Bart Simpson" "age": "10" "family_members": [ { "id": "2", "name": "Lisa Simpson", "age": 8 }, { "id": 3", "name": "Homer Simpson", "age": 39 }, { "id": "4", "name": "Marge Simpson", "age": 39 }, { "id": "5", "name": "Maggie Simpson", "age": 1 } ] } @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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Photo via https://flickr.com/photos/johnath/7356295658

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VAPOR HAS BUILT IN REST SUPPORT @[email protected]

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GRAPHQL @[email protected]

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GRAPHQL A TYPE OF PUBLIC API THAT ALLOWS CLIENTS TO REQUEST SPECIFIC FIELDS FROM THE SERVER @[email protected]

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Source: https://flickr.com/photos/acaben/2816139/

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WHAT CAN I ASK FOR? HOW CAN I ASK FOR IT? @[email protected]

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REST: THERE IS NO STANDARD WAY @[email protected]

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GOOD: OPENAPI (FKA SWAGGER) @[email protected]

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GOOD: OPENAPI (FKA SWAGGER) @[email protected]

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LESS GOOD... @[email protected]

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"Oh no, we don't have any place where all the HTTP endpoints are written down. Just grep the codebase of the monolith, that should get you what you need." @[email protected]

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"Oh no, we don't have any place where all the HTTP endpoints are written down. Just grep the codebase of the monolith, that should get you what you need." (An actual thing someone told me to do the first week of a new job)

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! @[email protected]

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THE GRAPHQL SCHEMA @[email protected]

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THE GRAPHQL SCHEMA A CONTRACT OF WHAT CAN BE REQUESTED, WHAT WILL BE RETURNED, AND HOW @[email protected]

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IN THE SCHEMA > Scalars @[email protected]

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IN THE SCHEMA > Scalars > Custom Types @[email protected]

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IN THE SCHEMA > Scalars > Custom Types > Fields/Properties @[email protected]

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IN THE SCHEMA > Scalars > Custom Types > Fields/Properties > Relationships (inferred) @[email protected]

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A NOTE ABOUT GRAPHQL ❓ OPTIONALITY @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String String! @[email protected]

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! @[email protected]

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GRAPHQL TYPES ARE NULLABLE BY DEFAULT @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String String! @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String String! Yes @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String String! Yes String? @[email protected]

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is Optional Swift Type GraphQL Type No String String! Yes String? String @[email protected]

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A GRAPHQL OPERATION @[email protected]

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A GRAPHQL OPERATION A DEFINITION OF A REQUEST TO FETCH, CHANGE, OR LISTEN TO CHANGES FOR YOUR DATA @[email protected]

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OPERATIONS > Query: I'd like some info, please @[email protected]

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OPERATIONS > Query: I'd like some info, please > Mutation: I'd like to make a change @[email protected]

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OPERATIONS > Query: I'd like some info, please > Mutation: I'd like to make a change > Subscription: Keep me up to date on changes @[email protected]

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OPERATIONS > Query: I'd like some info, please > Mutation: I'd like to make a change > Subscription: Keep me up to date on changes @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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HOW DO WE COMBINE VAPOR AND GRAPHQL? @[email protected]

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Photo: https://flickr.com/photos/daveseven/6138666188

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`HTTPS://GITHUB.COM/DESIGNATEDNERD/ MOVEITMOVEIT @[email protected]

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GRAPHQLKIT @[email protected]

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dependencies: [ .package(url: "https://github.com/alexsteinerde/graphql-kit.git", from: "2.0.0"), ], @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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WHAT IS ALL THIS? @[email protected]

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Source: https://flickr.com/photos/xurble/378943497

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Source: https://flickr.com/photos/xurble/378943497

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Source: https://flickr.com/photos/xurble/378943497

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HIGHEST LEVEL ⬇ LOWEST LEVEL @[email protected]

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GRAPHQLKIT @[email protected]

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GRAPHQLKIT EASY GRAPHQL INTEGRATION WITH A VAPOR SERVER @[email protected]

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GRAPHITI @[email protected]

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GRAPHITI HELPS YOU BUILD A GRAPHQL SCHEMA IN SWIFT @[email protected]

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GRAPHQLSWIFT/GRAPHQL @[email protected]

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GRAPHQLSWIFT/GRAPHQL THE ABSOLUTE BASE HANDLING OF GQL IN SWIFT @[email protected]

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VAPOR + FLUENT @[email protected]

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VAPOR + FLUENT (YOU KNOW THESE TWO ALREADY) @[email protected]

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// These all get pulled automatically with GraphQL kit, but you need // to explicitly declare them as dependencies to use them directly. .package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/vapor.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "4.0.0")), .package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/fluent.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "4.0.0")), .package(url: "https://github.com/vapor/fluent-sqlite-driver.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "4.0.0")), .package(url: "https://github.com/GraphQLSwift/Graphiti", .upToNextMinor(from: "0.26.0")), @[email protected]

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.target(name: "App", dependencies: [ .product(name: "Fluent", package: "fluent"), .product(name: "FluentSQLiteDriver", package: "fluent-sqlite-driver"), .product(name: "Vapor", package: "vapor"), .product(name: "GraphQLKit", package: "graphql-kit"), .product(name: "GraphiQLVapor", package: "graphiql-vapor"), ]), @[email protected]

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LET'S BUILD A GRAPHQL API! @[email protected]

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BACKING OBJECT CREATION @[email protected]

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BACKING OBJECT CREATION: THE SAME AS FOR REST @[email protected]

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final class User: Model, Content { static var schema = "users" @ID(key: .id) var id: UUID? @Field(key: "email") var email: String @Field(key: "name") var name: String @Field(key: "hashedPassword") var hashedPassword: String @Children(for: \.$user) var moves: [Move] // ... } @[email protected]

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final class User: Model, Content { static var schema = "users" enum DatabaseKeys: String { case email case name case hashedPassword } @ID(key: .id) var id: UUID? @Field(key: "email") var email: String @Field(key: "name") var name: String @Field(key: "hashedPassword") var hashedPassword: String @Children(for: \.$user) var moves: [Move] // ... } @[email protected]

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final class User: Model, Content { static var schema = "users" enum DatabaseKeys: String { case email case name case hashedPassword } @ID(key: .id) var id: UUID? @Field(key: DatabaseKeys.email.fieldKey) var email: String @Field(key: DatabaseKeys.name.fieldKey) var name: String @Field(key: DatabaseKeys.hashedPassword.fieldKey) var hashedPassword: String @Children(for: \.$user) var moves: [Move] // ... } @[email protected]

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CREATING A CONFIG @[email protected]

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// configures your application public func configure(_ app: Application) throws { app.databases.use(.sqlite(.memory), as: .sqlite) // Create the appropriate migrations app.migrations.add(User.Migration()) app.migrations.add(Move.Migration()) try app.autoMigrate().wait() // Register the schema and its resolver. // TODO } @[email protected]

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RESOLVER @[email protected]

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RESOLVER FUNCTION TO GET DATA AND GIVE IT TO GQL @[email protected]

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BARE-BONES RESOLVER class GraphQLResolver { } @[email protected]

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DECLARING YOUR SCHEMA @[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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// configure.swift // Register the schema and its resolver. app.register(graphQLSchema: movingSchema, withResolver: GraphQLResolver()) @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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"YOU FORGOT TO DECLARE THIS TYPE IN THE SCHEMA, YA DING DONG" @[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Scalar(UUID.self) Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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! @[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Scalar(UUID.self) Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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let movingSchema = try! Schema { Scalar(UUID.self) Type(User.self) { Field("id", at: \.id, as: UUID.self) Field("email", at: \.email) Field("name", at: \.name) } } @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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!❗ @[email protected]

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HANDLING OPERATIONS @[email protected]

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Mutation { Field("createUser", at: GraphQLResolver.createUser) { Argument("name", at: \.name) Argument("email", at: \.email) Argument("password", at: \.password) } } @[email protected]

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Mutation { Field("createUser", at: GraphQLResolver.createUser) { Argument("name", at: \.name) Argument("email", at: \.email) Argument("password", at: \.password) } } @[email protected]

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Mutation { Field("createUser", at: GraphQLResolver.createUser) { Argument("name", at: \.name) Argument("email", at: \.email) Argument("password", at: \.password) } } @[email protected]

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struct UserCreateArguments: Codable { let name: String let email: String let password: String } extension GraphQLResolver { func createUser(request: Request, arguments: UserCreateArguments) throws -> EventLoopFuture { let user = try User(email: arguments.email, password: arguments.password, name: arguments.name) return user.create(on: request.db).map { user } } } @[email protected]

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Mutation { Field("createUser", at: GraphQLResolver.createUser) { Argument("name", at: \.name) Argument("email", at: \.email) Argument("password", at: \.password) } } @[email protected]

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Mutation { Field("createUser", at: GraphQLResolver.createUser) { Argument("name", at: \.name) Argument("email", at: \.email) Argument("password", at: \.password) } } @[email protected]

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TRYING IT OUT @[email protected]

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EASIEST: GRAPHIQL @[email protected]

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// Something to help visualize and test your schema and operations .package(url: "https://github.com/alexsteinerde/graphiql-vapor.git", .upToNextMajor(from: "2.0.0")), @[email protected]

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.target(name: "App", dependencies: [ // (existing dependencies) .product(name: "GraphiQLVapor", package: "graphiql-vapor"), ]), @[email protected]

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import GraphiQLVapor public func configure(_ app: Application) throws { //... (stuff you already saw) // Enable GraphiQL web page for built-in goodness if !app.environment.isRelease { app.enableGraphiQL() } } @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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APOLLO STUDIO HTTPS://STUDIO.APOLLOGRAPHQL.COM/SANDBOX/EXPLORER @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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CORS: CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING @[email protected]

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CORS: CROSS-ORIGIN RESOURCE SHARING (DISABLED BY DEFAULT IN VAPOR) @[email protected]

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let corsConfiguration = CORSMiddleware.Configuration( allowedOrigin: .custom("https://studio.apollographql.com"), allowedMethods: [.POST], allowedHeaders: [ .accept, .contentType, .accessControlAllowOrigin, .origin ] ) let cors = CORSMiddleware(configuration: corsConfiguration) app.middleware.use(cors) @[email protected]

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! PITFALLS @[email protected]

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LOTS OF FIGHTING WITH THE COMPILER @[email protected]

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THERE CAN ONLY BE ONE (RESOLVER CLASS) @[email protected]

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class MoveResolver { private let userResolver = UserResolver() // MARK: - Pass-Through Methods func createUser(request: Request, arguments: UserCreateArguments) throws -> EventLoopFuture { try userResolver.createUser(request: request, arguments: arguments) } //... } @[email protected]

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GraphQLResolver+Moves.swift class GraphQLResolver { func createMove(request: Request, arguments: CreateMoveArguments) -> EventLoopFuture { //... } } GraphQLResolver+Users.swift extension GraphQLResolver func createUser(request: Request, arguments: UserCreateArguments) throws -> EventLoopFuture { //... } } @[email protected]

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DATA LOADING INEFFICIENCIES @[email protected]

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DATA LOADER @[email protected]

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404 DATA LOADER NOT FOUND @[email protected]

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@[email protected]

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THE VERDICT: @[email protected]

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THE VERDICT: IT DEPENDS @[email protected]

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THE VERDICTS: > ! If you know a lot about both Vapor/Fluent AND GQL @[email protected]

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THE VERDICTS > ! If you know a lot about both Vapor/Fluent AND GQL > " If you know a lot about Vapor/Fluent but not GQL @[email protected]

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THE VERDICTS > ! If you know a lot about both Vapor/Fluent AND GQL > " If you know a lot about Vapor/Fluent but not GQL > # If you know a lot about GQL but not Vapor/Fluent @[email protected]

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THE VERDICTS > ! If you know a lot about both Vapor/Fluent AND GQL > " If you know a lot about Vapor/Fluent but not GQL > # If you know a lot about GQL but not Vapor/Fluent > $ If you don't know a lot about either one @[email protected]

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OBLIGATORY SUMMARY SLIDE @[email protected]

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OBLIGATORY SUMMARY SLIDE > ! If you know a lot about both Vapor/Fluent AND GQL > " If you know a lot about Vapor/Fluent but not GQL > # If you know a lot about GQL but not Vapor/Fluent > $ If you don't know a lot about either one @[email protected]

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THANK YOU! @[email protected]

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LINKS! > Vapor/Fluent Docs: https://docs.vapor.codes/ > GraphQLKit: https://github.com/alexsteinerde/ graphql-kit/ > (slightly outdated) Tutorial on getting started: https://www.kodeco.com/21148796-graphql- tutorial-for-server-side-swift-with-vapor- getting-started @[email protected]