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Introduction to iOS
Software Development
Adrian Kosmaczewski - akosma software
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Adrian Kosmaczewski
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/gi/164281467/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/jm3/379494322/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/21025851@N00/2168398185/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/emiliagarassino/2146648332/
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akosma software
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akosma.com
github.com/akosma
linkedin.com/in/akosma
formspring.me/akosma
twitter.com/akosma
slideshare.com/akosma
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iOS
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/oskay/365607662/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/oskay/365607591/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/blakespot/2379207825/
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/justdrew1985/4348527596/
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Some questions
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Veteran NeXT or Mac
OS X developers in
the room?
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iOS devices in the
room?
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Program
History
Objective-C
Cocoa
Tools
Web vs. Native Apps
The App Store
Design
Books
Q&A
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History
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“Good design
survives”
Erich Gamma
OOP 2011 Keynote
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born in the 80s
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Objective-C
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"Thin layer around C"
Message-dispatch runtime built on C
obj_msgSend()
Static and dynamic (you choose)
The “real” inspiration for Java:
http://cs.gmu.edu/~sean/stuff/java-objc.html
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Single inheritance + interfaces (“@protocols”)
@protocols can have @optional methods
Fields protected by default
All methods are public, virtual and overridable
Methods can be added to existing classes ("categories")
Full introspection / reflection
Messages can be intercepted and forwarded à la AOP
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Objective-C Java
@interface (.h) &
@implementation (.m)
class (1 file)
@protocol interface
#import // files! import // classes!
categories n/a (C#, “class extensions”)
id
n/a (generics?)
"void*"
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Objective-C Java / C#
@selector
n/a
(C# delegates)
NSObject / NSProxy / ... Object
@public / @protected /
@private
public / protected / private
@try / @catch / @finally
NSException
try / catch / finally
Exception
n/a package / namespace
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Classes
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extends
class
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Methods
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Syntax inspired from
Smalltalk
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void insertObject(anObject, index)
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aName.copy()
this.alloc().initWithString(aName).autorelease()
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Memory Management
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iPhone, iPhone 3G: 128 MB RAM
iPhone 3GS, iPad 1: 256 MB RAM
iPhone 4, iPhone 4S, iPad 2: 512 MB RAM
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±70 MB for the OS!
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no swap file
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(no virtual memory)
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/cheek/699407283/
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no garbage collection
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objects have a
“retain count”
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http://cocoadevcentral.com/d/learn_objectivec/
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basic rule:
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for every
[alloc], [retain], [copy]
there must be a
[release]
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beware:
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Objective-C only allows
objects on the heap
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http://linguiniontheceiling.blogspot.com/2008/10/thats-madame-trash-heap-to-you.html
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No automatic objects
on the stack (C++)
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http://www.futuregov.net/photologue/photo/2008/aug/30/stack-papers/
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// C++
// Memory freed when out of scope
std::string name(“Adrian”);
std::string *name = NULL;
name = new std::string(“Adrian”);
delete name;
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iOS memory warnings
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/tbuser/2763035540/
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http://akosma.com/2009/01/28/10-iphone-memory-management-tips/
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http://akosma.com/2009/07/16/objective-c-compiler-warnings/
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Cocoa
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UIKit
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Tools
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Xcode
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Instruments
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Clang Static Analyzer
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http://llvm.org/
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http://clang-analyzer.llvm.org/
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Source: Apple Documentation
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Source: Apple Documentation
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Source: Apple Documentation
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Source: Apple Documentation
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Web or native apps?
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update frequency
usage frequency
UI complexity
native
apps
web
apps
stocks
calculator
business forms
reports
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Web Application Native SDK Application
Pros
Cons
Simpler deployment and
updates;
known technologies,
cheaper to maintain;
access to GPS information;
basic offline support.
Faster execution;
access to address book,
accelerometer, audio and
camera;
3D games and animations;
push notifications;
Bonjour networking support.
Slower to execute;
no access to hardware.
App Store review process;
longer update times.
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Sencha Touch
iUI
jQTouch
WebApp.net
XUI
Rhodes
SproutCore
Cappuccino
LiquidGear
PhoneGap
Safire
jPint
Magic Framework
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Also remember
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Not all WebKits
are made equal
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WebKit Compatibility
Table
http://www.quirksmode.org/webkit.html
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Native apps
advantages
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1
offline
web catching up!
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2
location services
web catching up!
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3
camera
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4
audio & 3D
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5
accelerometer &
gyroscope
web catching up!
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6
notifications
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/epitti/2565572445/
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7
monetization!
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Native components
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Address Book
ABAddressBook
ABMultiValue
ABMutableMultiValue
ABRecord
ABGroup
ABPerson
http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevinmarsh/2315151843/
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Accelerometer
UIAccelerometer UIAccelerometerDelegate
http://www.flickr.com/photos/evert-jan/2784525711/
http://www.flickr.com/photos/evert-jan/2785380754/
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Video
MPMoviePlayerController
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pingping/1431127181/
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Location services
CLLocation
CLLocationManager
http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomcochrane/2780365916/
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Graphics & Animation
CALayer
CAAnimation
UIGraphicsContext
CGRect / CGMakeRect
UIBezierPath
UIColor
http://www.flickr.com/photos/alleus/2905293514/
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Camera & Photo Library
UIImagePickerController
UIImagePickerControllerDelegate
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera
UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypePhotoLibrary
http://www.flickr.com/photos/ernohannink/2713579416/
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And More
Audio
XML
WebKit
SQLite / Core Data
Networking
Bonjour
Bluetooth / GameKit
AirPrint
iCal (EventKit)
AirPlay
Compass
Gyroscope
Gestures
Core Text
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Other languages?
Cross-platform?
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http://akosma.com/2009/10/29/iphone-apps-without-objective-c/
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The App Store
in 5 steps
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1. Register
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http://developer.apple.com/programs/iphone/
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2. Develop
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3. Publish
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Requirements
Free apps: nothing
Paying apps:
EIN Number, via IRS
Bank account
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4. Approval
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4.1 Rejection
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“Your application cannot be posted to the App Store at
this time because it does not adhere to the iPhone
Human Interface Guidelines as outlined in iPhone SDK
Agreement section x.x.x.
When the device is in this or that condition, the
application does not do this or that. This behavior
might lead to user confusion. It would be appropriate
to display either a notification or an alert stating that
such or such condition is required.
In order for your application to be reconsidered for the
App Store, please resolve this issue and upload your
new binary to iTunes Connect.”
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5. Sales
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https://itunesconnect.apple.com/
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Honor the Mobile Human
Interface Guidelines
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http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/documentation/
userexperience/conceptual/mobilehig/
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avoid this
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http://www.flickr.com/photos/gruber/2635257578/
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and this
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http://smokingapples.com/iphone/app-store-iphone/the-worst-twitter-client-ever/
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“
I can’t find one redeeming quality about this app. It’s slow to start [on a
3GS], doesn’t respond to taps while it’s trying to load other things, and
crashes if you try to change modes a lot. It’s limited to only timeline,
replies, and messages. It has no other functionality. Oh wait… I forgot its
killer feature, you can have custom backgrounds and choose the color of
your tweets. That totally makes up for its lack of useful features and
sluggish performance. I’m not sure why someone would bother building
such an inferior app other than that they wanted to find some suckers and
score a quick buck. It seems even more insane to me that they’d be
actively seeking out reviewers to cover this. I was given a promo code for
ChillTwit, and even for free I didn’t want it on my phone. I was sad just
from looking at screenshots. Actually seeing it running confirmed all of my
fears. If it was a free app, I might forgive the developer, but the fact that
he’s trying to get $0.99 out of people pisses me off to no end. Go buy
Tweetie.
If you somehow weren’t scared away by all my bitching and whinning, you
can see ChillTwit on the app store here. But seriously, if you buy this,
we’re not friends anymore.
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Books
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Thanks!
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Questions?
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Created and edited on Keynote for iPad
Copyright 2011 (c) akosma software
All Rights Reserved.