Nikita: The Ruby Secret Agent

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Nikita THE RUBY SECRET AGENT Brian Ford / @brixen

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http://www.dailyyonder.com/thin-forests-swell-rural-economy/2009/01/19/1844

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"Ruby has the best tools" -- No One Ever

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http://www.lifeoptimizer.org/2008/07/23/being-happy-secrets-of-happy-people/ Ruby is a beautiful language

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http://www.lifeoptimizer.org/2008/07/23/being-happy-secrets-of-happy-people/ Ruby makes me happy

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http://ableveterans.com/able-vets-climb-mt-rainier Rails is a terriﬁc framework

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Ruby is srs bsns !_!

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Billions of dollars

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Who here is paid to write Ruby?

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No content

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People are leaving Ruby

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Node.js Clojure Scala

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polyglot is the new liberal

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All the candidates are equally qualiﬁed, but you should choose me

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MRI != Ruby

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http://icouldntdecide.blogspot.com/

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http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/bayTKUSuvLPJ8em1oMPbUg This was fun...

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http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/bayTKUSuvLPJ8em1oMPbUg ...but itʼs sooo slow

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Business is hard

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Business is customers

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Business decisions balance fear and greed

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Developers are not paid to be happy

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They are paid to make customers happy

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If developer happiness and customer happiness collide...

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"Twitter: From Ruby on Rails to the JVM" http://vimeo.com/29993216 Stop Watch Now

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Critical Ruby Issues Garbage collection Concurrency Performance Tools

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U worried bro? http://www.isiticim.com/2010/05/he-was-worried.html

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Smalltalk was an awesome language http://www.isiticim.com/2010/05/he-was-worried.html

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am I going to have to use Java again? http://forums.steves-digicams.com/people-photos/150189-sad-little-boy-advice-re-post-production-required.html#b

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If tools are the answer, what are the questions?

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How do I understand this code?

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Fear of the unknown

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Solutions & Problems Optional Typing Hidden Typing Reﬁnements -w

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Optional Typing

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Ruby is about behavior

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You are what you do

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ducktyping

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Classes organize code

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Classes support encapsulation

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Three pillars of OO Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance

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Inheritance: relationships between behaviors

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Hidden Typing Typing requirements that are concealed from Ruby code

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Not in Ruby

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Undeﬁned or Not documented

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Ruby cannot participate

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VALUE rb_to_float(VALUE val) { if (TYPE(val) == T_FLOAT) return val; if (!rb_obj_is_kind_of(val, rb_cNumeric)) { rb_raise(rb_eTypeError, "can't convert %s into Float", NIL_P(val) ? "nil" : val == Qtrue ? "true" : val == Qfalse ? "false" : rb_obj_classname(val)); } return rb_convert_type(val, T_FLOAT, "Float", "to_f"); }

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def wrong(a, b) unless a.kind_of? Numeric raise "must be an instance of Numeric" end # ... end

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Ruby is dictating the structure of programs

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brittle unnecessary wrong

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Types tell you what you cannot do

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Like all walls, people try to defeat them

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complexity

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pain

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Reﬁnements

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One of the leading proposals...

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... for ruining Ruby

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Primary purpose hide incompatible changes

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naming - powerful abstraction for handling complexity

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libraries - still need integration testing

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applications - does not help program comprehension

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“What if?” programming

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fear

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or arrogance

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horizontal vs vertical integration

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-w

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-wtf

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Hidden in the parser

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Not Ruby objects

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No programmatic control

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Not conﬁgurable

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No real semantic analysis

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Critical Ruby Issues Garbage collection Concurrency Performance Tools

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Ruby is bringing a knife to a gunﬁght

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Rubinius Foundations Garbage Collection Concurrency Just-in-time Compiler Tools

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Rubinius Status Update Concurrent threads 1.9 features Windows JIT improvements

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Rubinius GC

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Precise

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Generational

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Copying Compaction the garbage is never seen

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Concurrency

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Fully concurrent Ruby threads

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concurrent vs parallel

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hipster Actors since before they were cool

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Just-in-time FAAAAST

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OOM

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Tools

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Rubinius implements Ruby differently

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Rubinius uses Ruby

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Consistent system

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Trees & Leaves

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How does Rubinius use Ruby?

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homoiconic

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homo - same

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icon - symbol

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$ rbx irb(main):001:0> ast = "a = 1".to_ast => # @line=1 @name=:a @variable=nil> irb(main):002:0> ast.class => Rubinius::AST::LocalVariableAssignment

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$ irb(main):003:0> ast.ascii_graph LocalVariableAssignment @line: 1 @name: :a @variable: nil @value: \ FixnumLiteral @value: 1 @line: 1 => [["@value", #]]

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$ irb(main):004:0> ast.to_sexp => [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 1]]

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$ irb(main):005:0> "a = 1".to_sexp => [:lasgn, :a, [:lit, 1]]

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What is Ruby?

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Everything is an object

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class A a = 1 end module M b = 2 end

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def m(a) a + b end m { |x| x * 1 }

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# ruby_script.rb puts "hello"

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$ rbx irb(main):001:0> def m(a, b) irb(main):002:1> a + b irb(main):003:1> end => #

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$ rbx compile -e 'puts 1' -B ============= :__script__ ============== Arguments: 0 required, 0 post, 0 total Arity: 0 Locals: 0 Stack size: 2 Lines to IP: 1: 0..8 0000: push_self 0001: meta_push_1 0002: allow_private 0003: send_stack :puts, 1 0006: pop 0007: push_true 0008: ret ----------------------------------------

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$ rbx compile -e 'class A; def m; end; end' -B -N __script__ ============= :__script__ ============== Arguments: 0 required, 0 post, 0 total Arity: 0 Locals: 0 Stack size: 6 Lines to IP: 1: 0..28 0000: push_rubinius 0001: push_literal :A 0003: push_nil 0004: push_scope 0005: send_stack :open_class, 3 0008: dup_top 0009: push_rubinius 0010: swap_stack 0011: push_literal :__class_init__ 0013: swap_stack 0014: push_literal # 0016: swap_stack 0017: push_scope 0018: swap_stack 0019: send_stack :attach_method, 4 0022: pop 0023: send_stack :__class_init__, 0 0026: pop 0027: push_true 0028: ret ----------------------------------------

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$ rbx compile -e 'class A; def m; end; end' -B -N A ================== :A ================== Arguments: 0 required, 0 post, 0 total Arity: 0 Locals: 0 Stack size: 5 Lines to IP: 1: 2..15 0000: push_self 0001: add_scope 0002: push_rubinius 0003: push_literal :m 0005: push_literal # 0007: push_scope 0008: push_variables 0009: send_stack :method_visibility, 0 0012: send_stack :add_defn_method, 4 0015: ret ----------------------------------------

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Everything is a CompiledMethod

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Rubinius uses Ruby to build a consistent system

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"Ruby has the best tools" -- No One Ever

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Nikita

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my idea of a tool

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I want you to write tools

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Architecture Client/Server Separate GUI Data as binding Modular gems

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CompiledMethod database

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Class browser

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Coverage and proﬁling

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Bytecode instrumentation

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$ rbx irb(main):001:0> class F irb(main):002:1> dynamic_method :m do |g| irb(main):003:2* g.push :self irb(main):004:2> g.push_literal g.name irb(main):005:2> g.send :p, 1, true irb(main):006:2> g.ret irb(main):007:2> end irb(main):008:1> end => # irb(main):009:0> F.new.m :m => nil

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AST transformation

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Debugging

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Documentation

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Analysis variables used before set unused variables misnamed methods code quality

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Custom tools

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Summary

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Ruby is at a critical point

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I did not change Ruby

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Available in 1.8 and 1.9

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Respect business that bet on Ruby

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http://forums.steves-digicams.com/people-photos/150189-sad-little-boy-advice-re-post-production-required.html#b