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Build a High-Performance Server in “No Time At All”™ Chris Skene

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The Problem •  Drupal is slow •  MySQL is slow •  Apache is slow •  mod_php is slow

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The Drupal 6 problem •  Drupal is slow •  MySQL is slow •  Apache is slow •  mod_php is slow •  PHP 5.2 is slow

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB + MySQL •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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When to use this? •  All the time Especially… •  Many concurrent logged-users •  Anywhere Varnish is not available/practical But not… •  For Drupal 6 (unless you are a masochist)

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GETTING SET UP

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The Server •  Linode 512 MB slice •  4 cores •  10112 MB storage •  256 MB swap •  Fremont data centre

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The configuration •  Ubuntu 12.04 LTS 64 Bit •  PHP 5.3.10 •  MySQL 5.5 •  MongoDB •  Nginx 1.1.19 •  PHP-FPM

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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INSTALLATION WALK- THROUGH

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Getting set up •  Install Ubuntu 12.04 (or upgrade 10/11) •  Good install guides in the Linode Library – Initial setup – Security •  Install MySQL apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client •  16 minutes

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Nginx •  Asynchronous web server •  Can serve many clients simultaneously (000’s) •  Minimal memory footprint •  Potentially much faster than Apache •  AND DOESN’T SLOW DOWN •  No .htaccess (use site .conf file instead) •  copy config from http://wiki.nginx.org/Drupal

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Installing Nginx apt-get install nginx service nginx start

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Nginx options In nginx.conf: •  set worker processes to 2 x server cores Advanced Nginx/Drupal config available at: https://github.com/perusio/drupal-with-nginx Complex, lots of options, requires some background knowledge. Remember to use nginx –t to debug.

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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PHP5-FPM •  Apache loads all of PHP on EVERY REQUEST •  PHP-FastCGI + FPM loads PHP once for many requests, pooling connections •  Dynamic PHP process spawning •  Gracefully start and stop PHP processes •  An alternative to spawn-fcgi

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Install PHP5-FPM apt-get install php5-fpm service php5-fpm start

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Configure PHP5-FPM sockets (optional) •  Open FPM configuration nano /etc/php5/fpm/pool.d/www.conf •  Change… listen=127.0.0.1:9000 to… listen=/var/run/php5-fpm.sock /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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Get extra PHP things apt-get install php5-mysql php5-curl php5-gd php5-idn php-pear php5-imagick php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-memcache php5-ming php5-ps php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5- sqlite php5-tidy php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl /etc/init.d/php5-fpm restart In php.ini: cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0;

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MongoDB •  Document store (NoSQL), not Relational store (MySQL) •  Like MySQL, supports replication, •  Unlike MySQL, supports sharding, atomic in- place updates •  Suits “high-volume problems” and anything “document like” (e.g. nodes) •  Fast!

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Installing MongoDB •  Import the 10gen key: apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10 •  Add 10gen to /etc/sources.list: deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/ repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen

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Install MongoDB (cont…) apt-get update apt-get install mongodb-10gen service mongodb start

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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Configure Nginx touch /etc/nginx/sites-available/drupal.conf copy config into drupal.conf from: http://wiki.nginx.org/Drupal set fastcgi_pass value to socket from FPM: /var/run/php5-fpm.sock or IP:Port combination: 127.0.0.1:9000

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Configure Nginx (cont…) Change the root directory ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/ drupal.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled nginx –t service nginx restart

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Get Drupal •  Download Drupal into your server directory •  Change ownership to Nginx user (usually www- data) •  Install!

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Get Drupal cd /var mkdir www cd www wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/ drupal-7.12.tar.gz tar –xzf drupal-7.12.tar.gz mv drupal-7.12 drupal chown –R www-data:www-data www

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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MongoDB for Drupal •  Cache •  Field storage •  Session •  Lock •  Watchdog •  Queue •  Blocks •  API http://drupal.org/project/mongodb

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Usage •  Cache, session, lock, queue and watchdog can be turned on straight away •  Field storage migrates existing content when saved (test) •  Block modules requires some care (test) •  Follow readme.txt instructions (test) •  Bleeding edge (test, test, test)

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Field Storage Caveats •  Can’t be disabled •  No way to migrate content back to MySQL •  No Views integration AT ALL but •  API is EntityFieldQuery aware…

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The solution •  Make Drupal faster •  Use MongoDB (+ MySQL) •  Use Nginx instead of Apache •  Use PHP FastCGI Process Manager •  Use PHP 5.3 •  (Use Drupal 7)

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How long did it take? •  Ate dinner •  Wrote a presentation •  Made a cup of tea •  Checked on my son •  Watched “Shakespeare Wallah” on DVD

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How long did it take? 1 hour 15 minutes

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Other things you can do •  Use MySQL replacements – Maria DB – Percona Server •  APC •  Memcache •  Varnish

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@xtfer Christopher Skene [email protected]