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CSS PRE-PROCESSORS
Sass / Less / Stylus
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TOPICS
1. What is a preprocessor
2. Preprocessors (Less, Sass, Stylus)
3. Setup
4. Features (beginner, intermediate, advanced)
5. Frameworks
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CSS PRE-PROCESSORS
What is a Preprocessor?
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@bermonpainter #teamsass
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master.scss
_normalize.scss
_typography.scss
_grid.scss
_modules.scss
_theme.scss
master.css
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CSS PRE-PROCESSORS
If you write sucky CSS,
a pre-processor won’t
make it suck less.
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QUICK START
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GUI APPS
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QUICK START
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COMMAND LINE
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COMMAND LINE
$ gem install sass
$ mv style.css style.scss
$ sass style.scss style.css
Sass
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COMMAND LINE
$ npm install less
$ lessc style.less
Less
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COMMAND LINE
$ npm install stylus
$ stylus -c style.styl
Stylus
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WISEHEA RT D ESIGN →
The designer’s guide
to the OSX command
prompt
A tutorial for the modern web
designer
The command prompt. Once the lofty domain of that guy you know with the
computer science degree. Now more and more the every day domain of the
hacker web designer.
Perhaps you’ve mastered a little Javascript or PHP, but you are realizing that
the cool kids are playing around with stuff that is only accessible to people
who are comfortable with the command prompt. Or, perhaps you are just
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COMPILING
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COMPILING
Local
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COMPILING
On Deploy
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COMPILING
On Request
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COMPILING
On the Client
(don’t do this)
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SYNTAX
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SYNTAX
.widget {
margin: 20px 10px;
}
!
!
.widget
margin: 20px 10px
Sass
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SYNTAX
.widget {
margin: 20px 10px;
}
Less
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SYNTAX
.widget {
margin: 20px 10px;
}
!
.widget
margin 20px 10px
Stylus
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BEGINNER
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BEGINNER
style.css > style.scss | style.less | style.styl
Creating a pre-processed file
Just change the file extension
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BEGINNER
$colorPrimary: #333;
$siteWidth: 960px;
!
body {
color: $colorPrimary;
width: $siteWidth;
}
Variables – Sass
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BEGINNER
@colorPrimary: #333;
@siteWidth: 960px;
!
body {
color: @colorPrimary;
width: @siteWidth;
}
Variables – Less
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BEGINNER
colorPrimary #333
siteWidth 960px
!
body
color colorPrimary
width siteWidth
Variables – Stylus
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BEGINNER
body {
color: #333;
width: 960px;
}
Variables – Output
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BEGINNER
nav {
width: 200px;
}
nav ul {
list-style: none;
}
nav ul li {
background: #ccc;
}
nav ul li a{
color: #333;
}
Nesting - CSS
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BEGINNER
nav {
width: 200px;
!
ul {
list-style: none;
!
li {
background: #ccc;
!
a {
color: #ccc;
}
}
}
}
Nesting - Sass/Less
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BEGINNER Nesting - Stylus
nav
width 200px
!
ul
list-style none
!
li
background #ccc
!
a
color #ccc
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BEGINNER
nav {
width: 200px;
}
nav ul {
list-style: none;
}
nav ul li {
background: #ccc;
}
nav ul li a{
color: #333;
}
Nesting - Output
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BEGINNER Nesting
Pay attention to specificity
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BEGINNER
nav {
width: 200px;
!
ul {
list-style: none;
}
li {
background: #ccc;
}
a {
color: #ccc;
}
}
Nesting - Sass/Less
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BEGINNER Nesting - Stylus
nav
width 200px
!
ul
list-style none
!
li
background #ccc
!
a
color #ccc
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BEGINNER
nav {
width: 200px;
}
nav ul {
list-style: none;
}
nav li {
background: #ccc;
}
nav a{
color: #333;
}
Nesting - Output
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BEGINNER
nav {
margin: 0; padding: 20px;
a{
color: #000;
}
a:hover,
a:focus {
color: #999;
}
a:active {
color: #333;
}
}
Reference Selector
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BEGINNER
nav {
margin: 0;
padding: 20px;
a{
color: #000;
&:hover,
&:focus {
color: #999;
}
!
&:active {
color: #333;
}
}
}
Reference Selector - Sass/Less
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BEGINNER
nav
margin 0
padding 20px
!
a
color #000
!
&:hover,
&:focus
color #999
!
&:active
color #333
Reference Selector - Stylus
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BEGINNER
nav {
margin: 0;
padding: 20px;
}
nav a{
color: #000;
}
nav a:hover,
nav a:focus {
color: #999;
}
nav a:active {
color: #333;
}
Reference Selector - Output
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BEGINNER
nav {
margin: 0;
padding: 20px;
!
.ie6 & {
padding: 10px;
}
.ie7 & {
padding: 20px;
}
.touch & {
width: 100%;
}
}
Reference Selector - Sass/Less
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BEGINNER
nav
margin 0
padding 20px
!
.ie6 &
padding 10px
.ie7 &
padding 20px
.touch &
width 100%
Reference Selector - Stylus
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BEGINNER
nav {
margin: 0;
padding: 20px;
}
.ie6 nav{
padding: 10px;
}
.ie7 nav {
padding: 20px;
}
.touch nav {
width: 100%;
}
Reference Selector - Output
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master.scss
_normalize.scss
_typography.scss
_grid.scss
_modules.scss
_theme.scss
master.css
Title Text @import
BEGINNER
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BEGINNER
@import "setup";
@import "reset";
@import "base";
@import "layout";
@import "typography";
@import "theme";
@import – Sass/Less
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BEGINNER
@import "setup"
@import "reset"
@import "base"
@import "layout"
@import "typography"
@import "theme"
@import – Stylus
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INTERMEDIATE
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INTERMEDIATE
.box {
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-ms-border-radius: 5px;
-o-border-radius: 5px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
Mixins - CSS
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INTERMEDIATE
@mixin border-radius($radius) {
-webkit-border-radius: $radius;
-moz-border-radius: $radius;
-ms-border-radius: $radius;
-o-border-radius: $radius;
border-radius: $radius;
}
.box {
@include border-radius(5px);
}
Mixins - Sass
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INTERMEDIATE
.border-radius(@radius) {
-webkit-border-radius: @radius;
-moz-border-radius: @radius;
-ms-border-radius: @radius;
-o-border-radius: @radius;
border-radius: @radius;
}
.box {
.border-radius(5px);
}
Mixins - Less
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INTERMEDIATE
border-radius radius
-webkit-border-radius radius
-moz-border-radius radius
-ms-border-radius radius
-o-border-radius radius
border-radius radius
!
.box
border-radius 5px
Mixins - Stylus
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INTERMEDIATE
.box {
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
-ms-border-radius: 5px;
-o-border-radius: 5px;
border-radius: 5px;
}
Mixins - Output
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INTERMEDIATE
.borders {
border: 1px solid #efefef;
padding: 10px;
}
p {
@extend .borders;
font-size: 20px;
}
ul, ol {
@extend .borders;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
@extend – Sass
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INTERMEDIATE
.borders {
border: 1px solid #efefef;
padding: 10px;
}
p {
&:extend(.borders);
font-size: 20px;
}
ul, ol {
&:extend(.borders);
text-transform: uppercase;
}
:extend – Less
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INTERMEDIATE
.borders
border 1px solid #efefef
padding 10px
!
p
@extend .borders
font-size 20px
!
ul, ol
@extend .borders
text-transform uppercase
@extend – Stylus
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INTERMEDIATE
.borders, p, ul, ol {
border: 1px solid #efefef;
padding: 10px;
}
p {
font-size: 20px;
}
ul, ol {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
@extend – Output
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INTERMEDIATE
%borders {
border: 1px solid #efefef;
padding: 10px;
}
p {
@extend %borders;
font-size: 20px;
}
ul, ol {
@extend %borders;
text-transform: uppercase;
}
@extend + Placeholder – Sass
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INTERMEDIATE
%borders
border 1px solid #efefef
padding 10px
!
p
@extend %borders
font-size 20px
!
ul, ol
@extend %borders
text-transform uppercase
@extend + Placeholder – Stylus
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INTERMEDIATE
p, ul, ol {
border: 1px solid #efefef;
padding: 10px;
}
p {
font-size: 20px;
}
ul, ol {
text-transform: uppercase;
}
@extend – Stylus
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ADVANCED
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ADVANCED
$grid-columns: 12;
$grid-width: 960px;
!
@function calculate-column-width($cols) {
@return (($grid-width / $grid-columns) * $cols / $grid-width) * 100%;
}
!
#container {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 100%;
}
article {
float: left;
width: calculate-column-width(8);
}
aside {
float: right;
width: calculate-column-width(4);
}
Functions – Sass
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ADVANCED
@grid-columns: 12;
@grid-width: 960px;
!
.calculate-column-width(@cols) {
width: (((@grid-width / @grid-columns) * @cols / @grid-width) * 100%);
}
!
#container {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 100%;
}
article {
float: left;
.calculate-column-width(8);
}
aside {
float: right;
.calculate-column-width(4);
}
Functions – Less
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ADVANCED
grid-columns 12
grid-width 960px
!
calculate-column-width(cols)
((grid-width / grid-columns) * cols / grid-width) * 100%
!
#container
margin 0 auto
width 100%
!
article
float left
width calculate-column-width(8)
!
aside
float right
width calculate-column-width(4)
Functions – Stylus
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ADVANCED
#container {
margin: 0 auto;
width: 100%;
}
article {
float: left;
width: 66.66667%;
}
aside {
float: right;
width: 33.33333%;
}
Functions – Output
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ADVANCED
rgba($color, $alpha)
hue($color)
saturation($color)
lightness($color)
adjust-hue($color, $degrees)
lighten($color, $amount)
darken($color, $amount)
saturate($color, $amount)
desaturate($color, $amount)
grayscale($color)
complement($color)
invert($color)
Color Functions – Sass
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ADVANCED
lighten(@color, amount);
darken(@color, amount);
saturate(@color, amount);
desaturate(@color, amount);
fadein(@color, amount);
fadeout(@color, amount);
fade(@color, amount);
spin(@color, amount);
Color Functions – Less
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ADVANCED
rgba(color, alpha)
lighten(color, amount)
darken(color, amount)
desaturate(color, amount)
saturate(color, amount)
invert(color)
hue(color)
saturation(color)
lightness(color)
Color Functions – Stylus
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ADVANCED
@if
@else if
@else
@then
@for
@each
@while
Control Directives – Sass
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ADVANCED
when
Control Directives – Less
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ADVANCED
if
else if
else
unless
for
Control Directives – Stylus
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ADVANCED
@mixin buttons($color, $type) {
@if $type == "flat" {
background-color: $color;
} @else if $type == "gradient" {
background: linear-gradient($color, darken($color, 20%));
} @else if $type == "glossy" {
background: linear-gradient($color 50%,darken($color, 20%) 50%);
} @else {
background-color: $color;
}
}
.button {
@include buttons(green, glossy);
}
if, else – Sass
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ADVANCED
.buttons (@color, @type) when (@type == "flat") {
background-color: @color;
}
.buttons (@color, @type) when (@type == "gradient") {
background: linear-gradient(@color, darken(@color, 20%));
}
.buttons (@color, @type) when (@type == "glossy") {
background: linear-gradient(@color 50%, darken(@color, 20%) 50%);
}
!
.button {
.buttons(green, glossy);
}
when (if, else) – Less
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ADVANCED
buttons(color, type)
if type == "flat"
background-color color
else if type == "gradient"
background linear-gradient(color, darken(color, 20%))
else if type == "glossy"
background linear-gradient(color 50%,darken(color, 20%) 50%)
else
background-color color
!
.button
buttons(green, glossy)
if, else – Stylus
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ADVANCED
.button {
background: linear-gradient(#008000 50%, #001a00 50%);
}
if, else – Output
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ADVANCED
@for $i from 1px to 5px {
.border-#{$i} {
border: $i solid #000;
}
}
for loop – Sass
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ADVANCED
.border-1px {
border: 1px solid black;
}
.border-2px {
border: 2px solid black;
}
.border-3px {
border: 3px solid black;
}
.border-4px {
border: 4px solid black;
}
for loop – Output
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ADVANCED
$emotions: happy sad excited mustached;
!
@each $emotion in $emotions {
.feeling-#{$emotion} {
background-image: url("images/feeling-#{$emotion}");
}
}
each loop – Sass
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ADVANCED
.feeling-happy {
background-image: url("images/feeling-happy");
}
.feeling-sad {
background-image: url("images/feeling-sad");
}
.feeling-excited {
background-image: url("images/feeling-excited");
}
.feeling-mustached {
background-image: url("images/feeling-mustached");
}
each loop – Output
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ADVANCED
$small-breakpoint: 480px;
$medium-breakpoint: 768px;
$large-breakpoint: 1024px;
!
aside {
width: 100%;
@media screen and (min-width: $small-breakpoint) {
width: 100px;
float: right;
}
@media screen and (min-width: $medium-breakpoint) {
width: 200px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: $large-breakpoint) {
width: 400px;
}
}
Media Queries – Sass
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ADVANCED
@small-breakpoint: 480px;
@medium-breakpoint: 768px;
@large-breakpoint: 1024px;
!
aside {
width: 100%;
@media screen and (min-width: @small-breakpoint) {
width: 100px;
float: right;
}
@media screen and (min-width: @medium-breakpoint) {
width: 200px;
}
@media screen and (min-width: @large-breakpoint) {
width: 400px;
}
}
Media Queries – Less
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ADVANCED
small-breakpoint 480px
medium-breakpoint 768px
large-breakpoint 1024px
!
aside
width 100%
!
@media screen and (min-width small-breakpoint)
width 100px
float right
!
@media screen and (min-width medium-breakpoint)
width 200px
@media screen and (min-width large-breakpoint)
width 400px
Media Queries – Stylus
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ADVANCED
aside {
width: 100%;
}
@media screen and (min-width: 480px) {
aside {
width: 100px;
float: right;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 768px) {
aside {
width: 200px;
}
}
@media screen and (min-width: 1024px) {
aside {
width: 400px;
}
}
Media Queries – Output
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ADVANCED
@mixin respond-to($name){
@if $name == small-screen {
@media only screen and (min-width: 320px) {
@content
}
}
@if $name == large-screen {
@media only screen and (min-width: 960px) {
@content
}
}
}
aside {
width: 25%
@include respond-to(small-screen) {
width: 100%;
}
}
@content – Sass
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ADVANCED
aside {
width: 25%
}
!
@media only screen and (min-width: 320px) {
aside {
width: 100%
}
}
@content – Output
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ADVANCED
$icons: (
home: e601,
about: e602,
services: e603
);
!
@each $icon-name, $icon-keycode in $icons {
.icon-#{$icon-name} {
&:before {
content: "#{$icon-keycode}";
}
}
}
Hash Maps – Sass
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ADVANCED
icons = {
home: e601,
about: e602,
services: e603
}
!
for icon-name, icon-keycode in icons {
.icon-{icon-name} {
&:before {
content: “\{icon-keycode}";
}
}
}
Hash Maps – Stylus
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ADVANCED
.icon-home:before {
content: “\e601";
}
.icon-about:before {
content: “\e602";
}
.icon-services:before {
content: “\e603";
}
Hash Maps – Output
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FRAMEWORKS
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fin.