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These are confidential sessions—please refrain from streaming, blogging, or taking pictures Session 227 Using iCloud with Core Data Adam Swift Senior Software Engineer

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Introduction •Take app from idea to iCloud •Beyond the API •Real-world strategies

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Sample Code https://developer.apple.com/wwdc/schedule/details.php?id=227

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Before We Begin…

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Core Data Persistent Store

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Core Data Persistent Store Managed Object Context

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Core Data + iCloud

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Core Data + iCloud

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Core Data + iCloud

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Core Data iCloud Features •Per record conflict resolution •Three-way merge

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Three-Way Merge Preserve changes between systems John Doe john@.com

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Three-Way Merge Preserve changes between systems Johnny Doe john@.com John Doe john@.com

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Three-Way Merge Preserve changes between systems Johnny Appleseed john@.com Johnny Doe john@.com John Doe john@.com

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Three-Way Merge Preserve changes between systems John Doe johnny@.com Johnny Appleseed john@.com Johnny Doe john@.com John Doe john@.com

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Three-Way Merge Preserve changes between systems John Doe johnny@.com Johnny Appleseed john@.com Johnny Doe john@.com John Doe john@.com Johnny Appleseed johnny@.com

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Core Data iCloud Features •Transfer incremental changes •Asynchronous import •Lightweight schema migration

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What You Need •Xcode and OS X/iOS SDK ■ Core Data project template (or Sample Code) ■ iCloud Entitlements

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What You Need •Xcode and OS X/iOS SDK ■ Core Data project template (or Sample Code) ■ iCloud Entitlements •Provisioning Portal ■ App ID for iCloud ■ Provisioning Profile

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Launch Lifecycle Design

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Launch Lifecycle Design

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User Expectations •What data in iCloud? •Consider the variables ■ Network ■ Account ■ Data

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Where Does the Data Go? •Different types of apps •Where does app data live? ■ All in iCloud ■ Some in iCloud, some local

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Where Does the Data Go? •Different types of apps •Where does app data live? ■ All in iCloud ■ Some in iCloud, some local

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•Data goes into iCloud What Goes into iCloud? Persistent Store

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•Data goes into iCloud •Not Persistent Store file! What Goes into iCloud? Persistent Store Never open an SQLite database in iCloud

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•Data goes into iCloud •Not Persistent Store file! •Data transferred as incremental changes via iCloud What Goes into iCloud? Persistent Store

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Persistent Store as Cache •Data in iCloud •Access via Persistent Store •Rebuild from data in iCloud

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Persistent Store as Cache •Data in iCloud •Access via Persistent Store •Rebuild from data in iCloud Persistent Store

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Fallback Store

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Fallback Store •No iCloud account? ■ Provide seamless app experience ■ Create local ‘fallback’ store

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Fallback Store •No iCloud account? ■ Provide seamless app experience ■ Create local ‘fallback’ store •Existing store (pre-iCloud app version)

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Fallback Store •No iCloud account? ■ Provide seamless app experience ■ Create local ‘fallback’ store •Existing store (pre-iCloud app version) •Move store data into iCloud when enabled

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•Your decision •Determined by access needs ■ Access requires iCloud account? ■ Or, allow read-only access without account? iCloud-Enabled Store Location

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container •In container, but .nosync not transferred to iCloud

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container •In container, but .nosync not transferred to iCloud •Removed when the account changes ■ Rebuild store from iCloud data

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Requires iCloud account for access Put Store in iCloud Container •In container, but .nosync not transferred to iCloud •Removed when the account changes ■ Rebuild store from iCloud data •Simple ■ Guaranteed to match “ubiquitous content” ■ No iCloud? No store

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Keep Store in Sandbox Allows read-only access without account

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Keep Store in Sandbox •Persistent store in App Sandbox, data in iCloud •Store file survives account changes •One store per-iCloud account •Read-only access without account! ■ Use NSReadOnlyPersistentStoreOption ■ Optionally move data to fallback store Allows read-only access without account

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Partition Data •Two Persistent Stores ■ One for local device data ■ One enables data in iCloud •Use different models or configurations Local Store iCloud Enabled

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•Subset of entities from a data model •Create store with configuration ■ Includes only those entities •One context can access stores with different configurations (based on the same model) Model Configurations “LocalConfig” “CloudConfig”

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•Subset of entities from a data model •Create store with configuration ■ Includes only those entities •One context can access stores with different configurations (based on the same model) Model Configurations “LocalConfig” “CloudConfig”

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Configurations in Data Model

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Configurations in Data Model

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Configurations in Data Model

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Configurations in Data Model

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Configurations in Data Model

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Configurations in Code cloudStore = [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: cloudStoreURL options: cloudOptions error: &error];

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Configurations in Code cloudStore = [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: cloudStoreURL options: cloudOptions error: &error];

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Configurations in Code cloudStore = [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: cloudStoreURL options: cloudOptions error: &error]; localStore = [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”LocalConfig” URL: localStoreURL options: localOptions error: &error];

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Summary •User expectations •Where data goes •Store location trade-offs

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Design Launch Lifecycle Design

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Design Launch Lifecycle Launch

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Launch Steps •First launch? •New device, existing data

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Goals •Get to full UI •Evaluate status ■ Ready to go? ■ Seed? ■ Fallback? •Stay responsive

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•Launch

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•Launch App Launch

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•Launch App Launch Launch UI

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Check iCloud Status ? •Launch App Launch Launch UI

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Signed In Check iCloud Status ? •Launch App Launch Launch UI

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Background Queue Signed In Check iCloud Status ? •Launch App Launch Launch UI

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Background Queue Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In Check iCloud Status ? •Launch Notify App Launch Launch UI

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Background Queue Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In Check iCloud Status ? •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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Background Queue Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In Check iCloud Status ? •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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Background Queue Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In No Account Check iCloud Status ? •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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Background Queue Background Queue Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In No Account Check iCloud Status ? •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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Background Queue Background Queue Add Fallback Store Prep Fallback Store Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In No Account Check iCloud Status ? Notify •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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Background Queue Background Queue Add Fallback Store Prep Fallback Store Add iCloud Store Seed Data Signed In No Account Check iCloud Status ? Notify •Launch Notify App Launch Full UI Launch UI

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status -init // Get token for iCloud user account id currentToken = [fileManager ubiquityIdentityToken]; isiCloudSignedIn = (currentToken != nil);

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status -init // Get token for iCloud user account id currentToken = [fileManager ubiquityIdentityToken]; isiCloudSignedIn = (currentToken != nil);

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (void)loadPersistentStores { queue = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0); dispatch_async(queue, ^(void) { [self asyncLoadPersistentStores]; }); } -loadPersistentStores

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store - (BOOL)loadiCloudStore { NSFileManager *fm = [[NSFileManager alloc] init]; _ubiquityURL = [fm URLForUbiquityContainerIdentifier:nil]; iCloudStoreURL = [self iCloudStoreURL]; iCloudDataURL = [ubiquityURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:@"iCloudData"]; ... NSDictionary *options = @{ NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey : @"iCloudStore" NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey : iCloudDataURL }; [psc addPersistentStoreWithType: NSSQLiteStoreType configuration: @”CloudConfig” URL: iCloudStoreURL options: options error: &localError]; -loadiCloudStore

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store •Seed Initial Data - (void)asyncLoadPersistentStores { ... if ([self loadiCloudStore]) { ... [self seedPersistentStore:_iCloudStore withPersistentStoreAtURL:[self seedStoreURL] error:&error]; } } -asyncLoadPersistenStores

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store •Seed Initial Data •Notify Store Ready [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: rootViewController selector: @selector(reloadFetchedResults:) name: NSPersistentStoreCoordinatorStoresDidChangeNotification object: psc]; -application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store •Seed Initial Data •Notify Store Ready [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver: rootViewController selector: @selector(reloadFetchedResults:) name: NSPersistentStoreCoordinatorStoresDidChangeNotification object: psc]; -application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:

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•Launch •Check iCloud Status •Add Persistent Store •Seed Initial Data •Notify Store Ready •Full UI!

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Design Launch Lifecycle Launch

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Design Launch Lifecycle Lifecycle

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Application Lifecycle + iCloud

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Application Lifecycle + iCloud •Seeding •Integrate changes •Responding to User Events •Performance •Debugging

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Demo Sample application

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Seeding Lifecycle

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Seeding

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Seeding

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Seeding •Add Seed Store

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Seeding NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey •Add Seed Store

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Seeding NSReadOnlyPersistentStoreOption NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentNameKey NSPersistentStoreUbiquitousContentURLKey -addPersistentStore: •Add Seed Store

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects -seedPersistentStoreStore: withPersistentStoreAtURL: error: NSUInteger batchSize = 500; [fr setFetchBatchSize:batchSize]; seedObjs = [moc executeFetchRequest:fr error:&error];

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects -seedPersistentStoreStore: withPersistentStoreAtURL: error: NSUInteger batchSize = 500; [fr setFetchBatchSize:batchSize]; seedObjs = [moc executeFetchRequest:fr error:&error]; for (NSManagedObject *obj in seedObjs) { [self addManagedObjectToiCloudStore:obj]; if (0 == (i % batchSize)) { if ([moc save:&error]) { [moc reset]; } } i++; }

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects •Mark seed complete

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects •Mark seed complete

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects •Mark seed complete

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects •Mark seed complete •Clean up

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Seeding •Add Seed Store •Migrate objects •Mark seed complete •Clean up

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Demo Seeding

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Integrating Changes Lifecycle

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Change Integration Managed Object Context Managed Object Context

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Change Integration NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification Managed Object Context Managed Object Context

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Change Integration NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification Managed Object Context Managed Object Context

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Change Integration NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification NSPersistentStoreDidImportUbiquitousContentChangesNotification Managed Object Context

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Change Integration

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Change Integration •NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification ■ NSManagedObjects

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Change Integration •NSManagedObjectContextDidSaveNotification ■ NSManagedObjects •NSPersistentStoreDidImportUbiquitousContentChangesNotification ■ NSManagedObjectIDs

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Integrating Changes

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Integrating Changes

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Integrating Changes Mom

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Integrating Changes Mom Mom

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Integrating Changes Mom Mom

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Integrating Changes Mom Mom

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Integrating Changes 2 Mom 1 Mom PK Contact Mom Mom

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates select zemailaddress, count(zemailaddress) from zperson group by zemailaddress; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates select zemailaddress, count(zemailaddress) from zperson group by zemailaddress; zemailddress count(zemailaddress) [email protected] 1 [email protected] 1 [email protected] 256 -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates NSExpression *countExpr = [NSExpression expressionWithFormat:@"count:(emailAddress)"]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates NSAttributeDescription *emailAttr; NSFetchRequest *fr; [fr setPropertiesToFetch:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:emailAttr, countExpr, nil]]; [fr setPropertiesToGroupBy:[NSArray arrayWithObject:emailAttr]]; NSExpression *countExpr = [NSExpression expressionWithFormat:@"count:(emailAddress)"]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates NSAttributeDescription *emailAttr; NSFetchRequest *fr; [fr setPropertiesToFetch:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:emailAttr, countExpr, nil]]; [fr setPropertiesToGroupBy:[NSArray arrayWithObject:emailAttr]]; NSExpression *countExpr = [NSExpression expressionWithFormat:@"count:(emailAddress)"]; [fr setResultType:NSDictionaryResultType]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates 2012-06-04 15:41:38.736 SharedCoreData[26470:10d03] CoreData: sql: SELECT t0.ZEMAILADDRESS, COUNT( t0.ZEMAILADDRESS) FROM ZPERSON t0 GROUP BY t0.ZEMAILADDRESS NSArray *countDictionaries = [moc executeFetchRequest:fr error:&error]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates (lldb) po countDictionaries (NSArray *) $2 = 0x07c0cb80 <_PFArray 0x7c0cb80>( { count = 1; emailAddress = "[email protected]"; }, { count = 256; emailAddress = "[email protected]"; }, { count = 1; emailAddress = "[email protected]"; }) 2012-06-04 15:41:38.736 SharedCoreData[26470:10d03] CoreData: sql: SELECT t0.ZEMAILADDRESS, COUNT( t0.ZEMAILADDRESS) FROM ZPERSON t0 GROUP BY t0.ZEMAILADDRESS NSArray *countDictionaries = [moc executeFetchRequest:fr error:&error]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"emailAddress IN (%@)", emailsWithDupes]; [fr setPredicate:p]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects emailSort = [NSSortDescriptor sortDescriptorWithKey:@"emailAddress" ascending:YES]; [fr setSortDescriptors:[NSArray arrayWithObject:emailSort]]; p = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"emailAddress IN (%@)", emailsWithDupes]; [fr setPredicate:p]; NSArray *dupes = [moc executeFetchRequest:fr error:&error]; -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects •Choose a winner -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects ■ Ensure consistent merges across peers •Choose a winner -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects ■ Ensure consistent merges across peers ■ Use a record UUID or timestamp •Choose a winner -deDupe:

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Uniquing •Find the Duplicates •Fetch Duplicate Objects ■ Ensure consistent merges across peers ■ Use a record UUID or timestamp for (NSManagedObject *dupe in duplicates) { //choose winner if (0 == (i % batchSize)) { [moc save:&error]; } i++; } •Choose a winner -deDupe:

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Demo Uniquing

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User Events Lifecycle

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User Events

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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User Events •Delete from Documents & Data

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Documents & Data User Events

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Documents & Data User Events -presentedItemURL MyDir/Data.nosync/MyFile NSFilePresenter

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Documents & Data User Events -presentedItemURL MyDir/Data.nosync/iCloudStore.sqlite NSFilePresenter

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Handling Account Changes User Events

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Handling Account Changes User Events •NSFileManager API -iCloudAccountChanged:

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Handling Account Changes User Events •NSFileManager API NSFileManager -ubiquityIdentityToken - (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application { id token = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] ubiquityIdentityToken]; if (![self.currentUbiquityToken isEqual:token]) { [self iCloudAccountChanged:nil]; } } -iCloudAccountChanged:

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Handling Account Changes User Events •NSFileManager API NSFileManager -ubiquityIdentityToken NSUbiquityIdentityDidChangeNotification [notificationCenter addObserver:self selector:@selector(iCloudAccountChanged:) name:NSUbiquityIdentityDidChangeNotification object:nil]; -iCloudAccountChanged:

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- (void)iCloudAccountChanged:(NSNotification *)notification { NSError *error = nil; [_psc removePersistentStore:self.iCloudStore error:&error]; [self loadPersistentStores]; } Handling Account Changes User Events -iCloudAccountChanged:

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Demo User events

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Performance and Debugging Lifecycle

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Performance

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Performance •-save: •Coalesce changes as appropriate •Avoid storing raw sensor data ■ CoreLocation @ 60Hz!

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Persistent Store Performance

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Persistent Store Performance •Memory Pressure

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Persistent Store Performance •Memory Pressure NSFetchRequest -setFetchBatchSize: NSManagedObjectContext -save: NSManagedObjectContext -reset

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Debugging

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Debugging •Macs are greedy peers ■ Run at least one iCloud-enabled app (TextEdit)

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Debugging •Macs are greedy peers ■ Run at least one iCloud-enabled app (TextEdit) •Removing data ■ Coordinated write to delete every file inside container ■ Be patient, it might take a while to propagate to all your devices

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Debugging •Macs are greedy peers ■ Run at least one iCloud-enabled app (TextEdit) •Removing data ■ Coordinated write to delete every file inside container ■ Be patient, it might take a while to propagate to all your devices •File great bugs

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Filing great bugs Debugging

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Filing great bugs Debugging •Sample Application •Ubiquity Container •Console logs ■ -com.apple.coredata.ubiquity.logLevel # (1,2,3)

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Demo Debugging

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More Information Michael Jurewitz Technology Evangelist [email protected] Cocoa Feedback [email protected] Core Data Documentation Programming Guides, Examples, Tutorials http://developer.apple.com/ Apple Developer Forums http://devforums.apple.com

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Related Sessions Advanced iCloud Document Storage Marina Thursday 3:15PM Core Data Best Practices Mission Wednesday 9:00AM iCloud Storage Overview Pacific Heights Tuesday 4:30PM

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Labs Core Data Lab Developer Tools Lab A Thursday 9:00AM iCloud Storage Lab Essentials Lab B Thursday 4:30PM Core Data Lab Essentials Lab B Friday 9:00AM iCloud Storage Lab Essentials Lab B Friday 11:30AM

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