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Overview Of Sharding

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Solution(Architect Based(in(London http://www.10gen.com/ @dmroberts [email protected] sdf

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Agenda Architecture How it Works Balancing the cluster Routing requests • • • • 3

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http://community.qlikview.com/cfs- filesystemfile.ashx/__key/CommunityServer.Blogs.Components.WeblogFiles/theqlikviewblog/Cutting-Grass- with-Scissors-_2D00_-2.jpg

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http://www.bitquill.net/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/pack_of_harvesters.jpg

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MongoDB Scaling - Single Node write read node_a1

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Read scaling - add Replicas write read node_b1 node_a1

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Read scaling - add Replicas write read node_c1 node_b1 node_a1

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Write scaling - Sharding write read shard1 node_c1 node_b1 node_a1

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Write scaling - add Shards write read shard1 node_c1 node_b1 node_a1 shard2 node_c2 node_b2 node_a2

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Write scaling - add Shards write read shard1 node_c1 node_b1 node_a1 shard2 node_c2 node_b2 node_a2 shard3 node_c3 node_b3 node_a3

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MongoDB Sharding Automatic partitioning and management Range based Convert to sharded system with no downtime Fully consistent • • • •

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Range Based Partitioning >"db.posts.save("{age:40}") -∞ +∞ -∞ 40 41 +∞ Data in inserted Ranges are split into more “chunks” • •

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How MongoDB Sharding works >"db.posts.save("{age:40}") >"db.posts.save("{age:50}") -∞ +∞ -∞ 40 41 +∞ 41 50 51 +∞ More Data in inserted Ranges are split into more“chunks” • •

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How MongoDB Sharding works >"db.posts.save("{age:40}") >"db.posts.save("{age:50}") >"db.posts.save("{age:60}") -∞ +∞ -∞ 40 41 +∞ 41 50 51 +∞ 61 +∞ 51 60

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-∞ +∞ 41 +∞ 51 +∞ How MongoDB Sharding works >"db.posts.save("{age:40}") >"db.posts.save("{age:50}") >"db.posts.save("{age:60}") -∞ 40 41 50 61 +∞ 51 60 shard1

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How MongoDB Sharding works >"db.runCommand("{"addshard":""shard2""}"); -∞ 40 41 50 61 +∞ 51 60 shard1 shard2 >"db.runCommand("{"addshard":""shard3""}"); shard3

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SHARDING ARCHITECTURE

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Architecture

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mongos Shard Router Acts just like a MongoD 1 or as many as you want Can run on App Servers Caches meta-data from config servers • • • • •

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Config Server 3 of them Changes use 2 phase commit If any are down, meta data goes read only System is online as long as 1/3 is up • • • •

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HOW IT WORKS

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Keys { name: “Jared”, email: “[email protected]”, } { name: “Scott”, email: “[email protected]”, } { name: “Dan”, email: “[email protected]”, } > db.runCommand( { shardcollection: “test.users”, key: { email: 1 }} )

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Chunks -∞ +∞

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Split!

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Split! This is a chunk This is a chunk

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

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Chunks -∞ +∞ [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Split!

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Chunks Min Key Max Key Shard -∞ [email protected] 1 [email protected] [email protected] 1 [email protected] [email protected] 1 [email protected] +∞ 1 Stored in the config servers Cached in MongoS Used to route requests and keep cluster balanced • • •

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Balancing Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard 4 5 9 1 6 10 2 7 11 3 8 12 4 17 21 13 18 22 14 19 23 15 20 24 16 29 33 25 30 34 26 31 35 27 32 36 28 41 45 37 42 46 38 43 47 39 44 48 40 mongos balancer config config config Chunks!

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Balancing mongos balancer config config config Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard 4 5 9 1 6 10 2 7 11 3 8 12 4 21 22 23 24 33 34 35 36 45 46 47 48 Imbalance Imbalance

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Balancing mongos balancer Move chunk 1 to Shard 2 config config config Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard 4 5 9 1 6 10 2 7 11 3 8 12 4 21 22 23 24 33 34 35 36 45 46 47 48

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Balancing mongos balancer config config config Shard 1 Shard 2 Shard 3 Shard 4 5 9 6 10 2 7 11