Redis for the Everyday Developer

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Ross Tuck Redis For The Everyday Developer Northeast PHP August 11th, #nephp

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Who Am I?

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Ross Tuck

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Team Lead at Ibuildings Codemonkey HTTP nut Hat guy

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@rosstuck

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Boring.

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NoSQL

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NoNoSQL

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Evaluation

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• Created by Salvatore Sanfilippo ( @antirez ) • Sponsored by VMware • 3 years old • redis.io

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“Redis is an open source, advanced key-value store.”

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“It is often referred to as a data structure server...”

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Defancypants

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Server A Server B Redis

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In-Memory

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In-Memory

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The Cool Stuff

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Fast.

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Demo.

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Oh wait, it's already done.

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120,000~ ops per sec

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Flexible.

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(optionally) Persistent.

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Replication Pub/Sub Scripting Transactions Slices Dices Makes julienne fries

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MySQL Redis +

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MySQL + Redis 4ever

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Setup

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apt-get install redis-server Easy but old

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http://redis.io/download

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PHP Libraries • 5.3+: Predis • 5.2: Predis or Rediska • C Extension: phpredis • redis-cli

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$client = new \Predis\Client();

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The Surprise Ending

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PHP MySQL Memcache

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PHP MySQL Memcache

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PHP MySQL Redis

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It's about 80% cases.

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Use Case #1: Caching

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Redis has commands.

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Commands have parameters.

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Think functions.

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$client->commandGoesHere($params, $go, $here);

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SET

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$client->set('ross:mood', 'nervous'); // Later $client->get('ross:mood'); // returns “nervous”

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$client->set('ross:mood', 'nervous'); $client->expire('ross:mood', 5); // 4 seconds later... $client->get('ross:mood'); // “nervous” // 5 seconds later... $client->get('ross:mood'); // null

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$client->set('ross:mood', 'nervous'); $client->expire('ross:mood', 5);

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$client->setex('ross:mood', 5, 'nervous');

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Great for caching

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Use Case #2: Session Storage

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You already know it.

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Use Case #3: Hit Counters

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increment

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$client->incr('page:42:views'); $client->incr('page:42:views'); $client->incr('page:42:views'); // 1 // 2 // 3

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Redis is hard ;)

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How is this better?

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Fast?

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redis-benchmark ====== INCR ====== 10000 requests completed in 0.08 seconds 50 parallel clients 3 bytes payload keep alive: 1 100.00% <= 0 milliseconds 119047.62 requests per second

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Fast enough.

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$client->incr('cookies:eaten'); $client->incrBy('cookies:eaten', 2); $client->incrByFloat('cookies:eaten', 0.5); version 2.6+

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Use Case #4: Latest News

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“It is often referred to as a data structure server...”

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“...since keys can contain strings, hashes, lists, sets and sorted sets.”

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$redis = array();

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set // strings and numbers $redis['ross:mood'] = "happy"; $redis['foo'] = 9;

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set // associative array $redis['foo']['name'] = 'Bob'; $redis['foo']['age'] = 31; Objects, forms, records

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set // not associative $redis['foo'][] = 'zip'; $redis['foo'][] = 'zap'; Lists, stacks, queues

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set // No dupes, no order shuffle( array_unique($redis['foo']) ); Relations, stats, matching

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set // Ordered by *score* array_unique($redis['foo']); Curing cancer, world peace Sets but with order or scores

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Y U NO STOP Y U NO STOP LISTING THINGS LISTING THINGS

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set

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// Code $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Aliens Attack!'); // Redis ['Aliens Attack!']

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// Redis ['Takei 2012', 'Aliens Attack!'] // 2 hours later... $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Takei 2012');

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// That evening... $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Eggs = Cancer!'); // Redis ['Eggs = Cancer!', 'Takei 2012', 'Aliens Attack!']

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Recap

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// Code $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Aliens Attack!'); $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Takei 2012'); $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Eggs = Cancer!'); // Redis ['Eggs = Cancer!', 'Takei 2012', 'Aliens Attack!']

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Getting it back out?

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$client->lrange('news:latest', 0, 1); End Index Start Index

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var_dump( $client->lrange('news:latest', 0, 1) ); array(2) { [0]=> string(14) "Eggs = Cancer!" [1]=> string(10) "Takei 2012" }

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That's it. Really.

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What about size?

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$client->lpush('news:latest', 'Free Jetpacks!'); $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Elvis Found!'); $client->lpush('news:latest', 'Takei Wins!'); //...and so on...

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ltrim

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$client->ltrim('news:latest', 0, 2); // Only the three latest stories remain!

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Cron

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or better...

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$client->lpush('news:latest', 'Cats Leave Euro'); $client->ltrim('news:latest', 0, 2);

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Great option for notifications

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SELECT * FROM Articles INNER JOIN Authors ON (complicated joins) -- More joins WHERE (complicated logic) LIMIT 0, 20

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SELECT Articles.id FROM Articles INNER JOIN Authors ON (complicated joins) -- More joins WHERE (complicated logic)

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$client->lpush('search:a17f3', $ids);

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$client->lrange('search:a17f3', $limit, $offset);

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Use Case #5: Recently Viewed

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set No duplicates

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Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set Needs to be ordered

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Goldilocks Just Right Generic Hash List Set Sorted Set

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zadd

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$client->zadd('mykey', 1, 'mydata'); Any integer or float

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$client->zadd('recent', 1, '/p/first');

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$client->zadd('recent', time(), '/p/first');

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$client->zadd('recent', 1338020901, '/p/first'); $client->zadd('recent', 1338020902, '/p/second'); $client->zadd('recent', 1338020903, '/p/third'); $client->zadd('recent', 1338020904, '/p/fourth');

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Reading it back out?

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array(3) { [0]=> string(8) "/p/first" [1]=> string(9) "/p/second" [2]=> string(8) "/p/third" } $client->zrange('recent', 0, 2);

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$client->zrevrange('recent', 0, 2); Reverse array(3) { [0]=> string(9) "/p/fourth" [1]=> string(8) "/p/third" [2]=> string(9) "/p/second" }

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Duplicates?

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$client->zadd('recent', 1338020901, '/p/first'); // later... $client->zadd('recent', 1338020928, '/p/first');

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array(3) { [0]=> string(8) "/p/first" [1]=> string(9) "/p/fourth" [2]=> string(8) "/p/third" } $client->zrevrange('recent', 0, 2);

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Cool.

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Other things we can do?

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$client->zrangebyscore('recent', $low, $high);

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$yesterday = time()-(60*60*24); $client->zrangebyscore('recent', $yesterday, '+inf');

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Intersections

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zinterstore

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$client->zinterstore('omg', 2, 'recent', 'favorite'); $client->zrange('omg', 0, 4);

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zrem

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zremrangebyscore

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$yesterday = time()-(60*60*24); $client->zremrangebyscore( 'recent', '-inf', $yesterday );

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We can do a lot.

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Scores can be anything.

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Use Case #6: Sharing Data

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Redis PHP Node.js Python

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• ActionScript • C • C# • C++ • Clojure • Common Lisp • Erlang • Fancy • Go • Haskell • haXe • Io • Java • Lua • Node.js • Objective-C • Perl • PHP • Pure Data • Python • Ruby • Scala • Smalltalk • Tcl

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$client = new \Predis\Client(); $client->set('foo', 'bar');

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var redis = require("redis"); var client = redis.createClient(); client.get("foo", redis.print);

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Step Further...

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Pub/Sub

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$client->publish('broadcast', 'batkitty');

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client.on("message", function (channel, message) { console.log(channel + ": " + message); }); client.subscribe("broadcast"); // prints “broadcast: batkitty”

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Not everyday yet

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Use Case #7: Worker Queues

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$client->lpush('jobs:pending', 'clear_cache');

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$client->lpush('jobs:pending', '{"do":"email", …}');

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$client->lpush('jobs:pending', 'job:45');

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// worker $client = new \Predis\Client(array( 'read_write_timeout' => -1 )); do { $job = $client->brpop('jobs:pending', 0); doJob($job); } while(true);

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This will work.

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However...

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Things break.

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Things break.

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Clients break.

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Clients break.

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Clients crash.

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do { $job = $client->brpop('jobs:pending', 0); doJob($job); } while(true);

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Multiple keys is the redis way.

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'jobs:pending' 'jobs:working'

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What we need is: blocking rpop lpush

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brpoplpush No, really.

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do { $job = $client->brpoplpush( 'jobs:pending', 'jobs:working', 0 ); doJob($job); } while(true);

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do { $job = $client->brpoplpush( 'jobs:pending', 'jobs:working', 0 ); if(doJob($job)) { $client->lrem('jobs:working', 0, $job); } } while(true);