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What to expect in Rails 4.0

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4.0

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Question?

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#rails4 Tweet with this hashtag

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Stats

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5,863 Commits 62,684 + 64,585 –

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$ git log 9d6e52b...master |\ pipe> sort | uniq | wc -l 683 683 Contributors

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New Features Strong Parameters Null Relation Rails Queue Russian Doll Caching Relation#inspect Schema Cache Dump Routing Concern HTML5 tag helpers HTTP PATCH {asset}_url helpers .first and .last now have order() defined Scope mutation config.eager_load replaces threadsafe! Relation#pluck takes multiple arguments

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Deprecations ActiveRecord::SessionStore Old Dynamic Finders ActiveResource .scoped() Old Hash Finders Eager Evaluated Scope Rails Plugins

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Release Note http://edgeguides.rubyonrails.org/4_0_release_notes.html

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Notable Changes

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Strong Parameters

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Strong Parameters • Replaces attr_accessor and attr_protected • Will be extracted as a gem (Dependency of Rails 4.0) • Moves parameters filtering concern to controller

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# app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :username, :password, :password_confirmation end # app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def create @user = User.create!(params[:user]) redirect_to @user end end

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# app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base; end # app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def create @user = User.create!(user_params) redirect_to @user end private def user_params params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) end end

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def create @user = User.create!(params[:user]) redirect_to @user end end

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def create @user = User.create!(params[:user]) redirect_to @user end end #=> Raises ActiveModel::ForbiddenAttributes

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation)

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation)

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: username=sikachu

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: username=sikachu <= 400 Bad Request

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: user[username]=sikachu

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: user[username]=sikachu <= 201 Created

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation)

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: user[username]=sikachu&user[admin]=true

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: user[username]=sikachu&user[admin]=true <= 201 Created

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params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) => POST /users Data: user[username]=sikachu&user[admin]=true <= 201 Created irb> User.find_by_username('sikachu').admin? => false

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Easier multi-roles filtering # app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def user_params params.require(:user).permit(:username, :password, :password_confirmation) end end # app/controllers/admin/users_controller.rb class Admin::UsersController < ApplicationController def user_params params.require(:user).permit(User.attribute_names) end end

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Only works in controller @user.update_attributes(name: 'sikachu', admin: true)

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Try Out Today! https://github.com/rails/strong_parameters Fully compatible with Rails 3.2.8

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ActiveSupport::Queue

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*Not Finalized Yet* At the time of this presentation ...

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Job # Requires an object that respond to #run class UserRegistrationMailerJob < Struct.new(:user_id) def run user = User.find(user_id) UserMailer.welcome_email(user).deliver end end

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Queue it! # Pass in an object that respond to #run class UserRegistrationMailerJob < Struct.new(:user_id) def run user = User.find(user_id) UserMailer.welcome_email(user).deliver end end # Usage Rails.queue.push UserRegistrationMailerJob(@user.id)

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Defaults • ActiveSupport::Queuing::Queue • Inherits from ::Queue (STDLIB) • ThreadConsumer will run the job in the background thread automatically.

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Configurations # Default Container and Consumer config.queue = :asynchronous config.queue = :synchronous # Resque support in Resque 2.0.0.beta config.queue = :resque

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Asynchronous ActionMailer

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# config/application.rb config.action_mailer.async = true

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Asynchronous ActionMailer Submitted by Brian Cardarella https://github.com/rails/rails/pull/6839

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Cache Digests

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Cache Digests “Russian Doll Caching”

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Russian Doll Caching @topic

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Russian Doll Caching @post @topic

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Russian Doll Caching @post @user @topic

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<%# app/views/topics/show.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", @topic ] do %>

<%= Topic.title %>

<%= render @topic.posts %> <% end %> <%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", post ] do %> <%= render post.author %> <%= post.content %> <% end %> <%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", user ] do %> Posted by <%= user.name %> <% end %> Russian Doll Caching

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@post @user @topic Update Template

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@topic @user @post Update Template

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<%# app/views/topics/show.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v2", @topic ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", post ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", user ] do %> ... <% end %> Expire Cache

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@topic @user @post Update Template

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@topic @user @post Update Template

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@topic @user @post Update Template

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Expire Cache <%# app/views/topics/show.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v3", @topic ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v2", post ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v1", user ] do %> ... <% end %>

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@topic @user @post Update Template

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@user @topic @post Update Template

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@user @topic @post Update Template

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@user @topic @post Update Template

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Expire Cache <%# app/views/topics/show.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v2", @topic ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v3", post ] do %> ... <% end %> <%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb %> <% cache [ "v4", user ] do %> ... <% end %>

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Crazy!

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Cache Digests

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<%# app/views/topics/show.html.erb %> <% cache @topic do %>

<%= Topic.title %>

<%= render @topic.posts %> <% end %> <%# app/views/posts/_post.html.erb %> <% cache post do %> <%= render post.author %> <%= post.content %> <% end %> <%# app/views/users/_user.html.erb %> <% cache user do %> Posted by <%= user.name %> <% end %> Your Template

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Generate MD5 of template and its dependencies as cache key views/topics/605816632-20120810191209/d9fb66b120b61f46707c67ab41d93cb2

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Cache Expiration It just works!

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$ rake cache_digests:dependencies TEMPLATE=topics/show [ "posts/post" ] $ rake cache_digests:nested_dependencies TEMPLATE=topics/show [ { "posts/post": [ "users/user" ] } ] Inspect Dependencies

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Try Out Today! https://github.com/rails/cache_digests Fully compatible with Rails 3.2.8

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Cached Schema Dump

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Cached Schema Dump Speed up Rails startup time

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$ bundle exec rake db:schema:cache:dump => generate db/schema_cache.dump # You might want to add this to your repository $ RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails server => use db/schema_cache.dump

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# config/environments/production.rb # Enabled by default config.active_record.use_schema_cache_dump = true

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PATCH verb support

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RFC 5789 • The PUT method is already defined to overwrite a resource with a complete new body, and cannot be reused to do partial changes. Otherwise, proxies and caches, and even clients and servers, may get confused as to the result of the operation. • This specification defines the new HTTP/1.1 method, PATCH, which is used to apply partial modifications to a resource.

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<%= form_for @user do |f| %>
...

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PUT /users/1 PATCH /users/1 => class UsersController < Appli def update end end

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Routing Concern

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Routing Concern Clean up duplicate routes

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Before resources :messages do resources :comments end resources :posts do resources :comments resources :images, only: :index end

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After concern :commentable do resources :comments end concern :image_attachables do resources :images, only: :index end resources :messages, concerns: :commentable resources :posts, concerns: [:commentable, : image_attachables]

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ActiveRecord::Relation

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Relation.first Relation.last

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Relation.first Relation.last Always return record ordered by id

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Relation.first Relation.last # User.first SELECT “users”.* FROM “users” ORDER BY id LIMIT 1 # User.last SELECT “users”.* FROM “users” ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1

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Relation.all

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Relation.all Always return ActiveRecord::Relation object

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Relation.all User.all # => #, #, ...]> User.to_a # => [#, #, ...]

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Relation.none

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Relation.none Returns ActiveRecord::NullRelation

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Relation.none Still chainable!

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = Users.name_starts_with(params[:prefix]). order(:name).paginate(params[:page], :per_page => 15) end end # app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base def self.starts_with(prefix) if prefix.present? where('name LIKE ?', "#{prefix}%") else # ... ? ... end end end

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = Users.name_starts_with(params[:prefix]). order(:name).paginate(params[:page], :per_page => 15) end end # app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base def self.starts_with(prefix) if prefix.present? where('name LIKE ?', "#{prefix}%") else [] end end end

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = Users.name_starts_with(params[:prefix]). order(:name).paginate(params[:page], :per_page => 15) end end # app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base def self.starts_with(prefix) if prefix.present? where('name LIKE ?', "#{prefix}%") else [] #=> NoMethodError when calling #order end end end

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# app/controllers/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = Users.name_starts_with(params[:prefix]). order(:name).paginate(params[:page], :per_page => 15) end end # app/models/user.rb class User < ActiveRecord::Base def self.starts_with(prefix) if prefix.present? where('name LIKE ?', "#{prefix}%") else none end end end

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Relation._____!

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Relation._____! Mutates current relation

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# app/controller/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User @users = @users.where(:id => params[:id]) if params[:id] @users = @users.includes(:comments) if params[:comments] @users = @users.order(:name) end end

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# app/controller/users_controller.rb class UsersController < ApplicationController def index @users = User @users.where!(:id => params[:id]) if params[:id] @users.includes!(:comments) if params[:comments] @users.order!(:name) end end

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bind! create_with! eager_load! extending! from! group! having! includes! joins! limit! lock! offset! order! preload! readonly! references! reorder! reverse_order! select! uniq! where!

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Deprecations

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AR::Base.scoped

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AR::Base.scoped Removed

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AR::Base.scoped Use Model.all instead

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Dynamic Finder Methods

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find_all_by_... => where(...) find_last_by_... => where(...).last scoped_by_... => where(...) find_or_create_by_... => where(...).first_or_create find_or_create_by_...! => where(...).first_or_create! find_or_initialize_by_... => where(...).first_or_initialize

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Bring Back gem 'activerecord-deprecated_finders', github: 'rails/activerecord-deprecated_finders' External dependency in Rails 4.0 (Remove in Rails 4.1)

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Hash-based Finders

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User.find(:first) User.find(:last, :order => 'id') User.find(:all, :conditions => { :active => true })

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Bring Back gem 'activerecord-deprecated_finders', github: 'rails/activerecord-deprecated_finders' External dependency in Rails 4.0 (Remove in Rails 4.1)

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Eager Evaluated Scope

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class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :recent, where('created_at >= ?', 1.week.ago) end

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class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :recent, where('created_at >= ?', 1.week.ago) end

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class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :recent, where('created_at >= ?', 1.week.ago) end

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Scope now requires a lambda

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class User < ActiveRecord::Base scope :recent, -> { where('created_at >= ?', 1.week.ago) } end

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ActiveRecord::SessionStore

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ActiveRecord::SessionStore Extracted as a gem

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gem 'activerecord-session_store', github: 'rails/activerecord_session_store' https://github.com/rails/activerecord-session_store

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ActiveResource

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ActiveResource Extracted as a gem

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gem 'activeresource' https://github.com/rails/activeresource

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Rails::Plugin

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Rails::Plugin Removed

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• Move it to your lib/ directory • Make it as a gem

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New Deprecation Policy

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SemVer Semantic Versioning

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SemVer Semantic Versioning

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Ver

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Rails 3.1.x End of Life

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Rails 3.2.x Some Deprecation Warnings (Support Until Rails 4.1.0 Comes Out)

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Rails 4.0.0 Deprecation Warnings

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Rails 4.1.0 Remove Deprecated Features

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Smooth Upgrade From Rails 3.2.x to Rails 4.0.0

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Release Candidate?

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Release Candidate? Soon!

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Try Now! # Gemfile # gem 'rails', '3.2.8' gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails' $ bundle update

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Report Bugs https://github.com/rails/rails/issues

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Learn https://learn.thoughtbot.com/rails

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Thank you! Prem Sichanugrist https://github.com/sikachu @sikachu Questions: #rails4