Creating Scalable Web-Applications

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Creating scalable Web Applications @BastianHofmann

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The usual Scaling Talk

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Big Data Servers Caching Query Optimization Database Sharding Load Balancing Indices

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But what about the frontend?

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Rendering performance Asset loading Content Delivery Networks HTTP Caching Minifying JavaScript Image Compression Sprites Smooth animations

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This talk will not be about any of this!

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Application architecture

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Structure

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Code and component re-use

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Rapid Development

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Large code-bases

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Frameworks to the rescue

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Most Web Frameworks are incomplete

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webserver HTML browser JS

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e duplication de duplication ode duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplication code duplicatio code duplicat code duplic code dup code du code cod co co

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So?

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Questions? Ask!

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http://speakerdeck.com/u/bastianhofmann

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Mojito http://developer.yahoo.com/cocktails/mojito/

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Meteor http://www.meteor.com

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https://github.com/bashofmann/meteor_shoutbox_demo

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DEMO

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What about existing applications?

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Legacy Code

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Incremental Refactoring

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many roads

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The next SoundCloud http://backstage.soundcloud.com/2012/06/building-the- next-soundcloud/

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status quo

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webserver loadbalancer pgsql memcached mongodb services

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webserver

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Large, Old Codebase

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MVC

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complicated routing

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PHP templates

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lazy DB queries in view

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Duplication and only some Code re-use

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We can do better

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Components

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Self contained

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Can be addressed and rendered separately

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Server JS Browser JSON HTML HTML

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JS is part of the component

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Share code between server and client

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Templates, Validation, Entities,...

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It needs to be fast

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We called them Widgets

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PHP Controller Mustache Template JavaScript view class Widget Providing data Handling browser events Displaying data

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Why no models in the frontend? http://backbonejs.org/#Model

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu

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Remember: self contained

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Do not fetch data directly

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Sssssssslllloooooowww

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu Account Account Account Account Account Publication1 Publication2 Publication3

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Require stuff

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http://www.infoq.com/presentations/Evolution-of-Code- Design-at-Facebook/

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The Preparer

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Requirements

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Resolver

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EntityRequirement

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Request Cache

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Multi-GET

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ServiceRequirement

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Required / Optional

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Hides storage speciﬁc logic from controllers

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Fetch Requirements Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations Batch requirements and pass them to resolvers

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations Call Services as effective as possible (Multi-GET,...)

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations Attach fetched data to Requirements and pass them back to the preparer

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Widget Widget Widget Widget Preparer Resolver Resolver Services Connector Interfaces Connector Implementations Distribute fetched data to the widgets that required it

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Requirement doesn't need to be only data

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WidgetRequirement

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RequestDataRequirement

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Data dependencies within a widget

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=> Callbacks

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu CALLBACK CALLBACK CALLBACK

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu CALLBACK CALLBACK CALLBACK

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu CALLBACK CALLBACK CALLBACK

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PHP 5.5 Generators https://wiki.php.net/rfc/generators

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public function collect() { yield array( new EntityRequirement( 'account', Account::class, array('accountId' => $this->requestContect->getAccountId()) ), ); yield array( new ServiceRequirement( 'scienceDisciplines', AccountService::class, 'getScienceDisciplines', array('account' => $this->account) ) ); }

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Data dependencies between Widgets

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu

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Preﬁlls

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Rendering

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HTML

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JSON

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Templates

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Mustache } http://mustache.github.com/

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Helper Methods

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• nl2br • truncate • pluralize • wordwrap • highlight • ...

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http://pecl.php.net/package/v8js V8js

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JavaScript

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WidgetViews

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Loading widgets from JavaScript

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Rendering callbacks

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Beneﬁts

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Enables developers to only focus on their components

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Easier Refactoring

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Error Handling

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu EXCEPTION

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Testing

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Bandit Algorithm http://untyped.com/untyping/2011/02/11/stop-ab-testing- and-make-out-like-a-bandit/

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Caching of Components

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Proﬁle Publications Publication Publication Publication AboutMe LeftColumn Image Instiution Menu

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Faster UX

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window.history.pushState

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Conclusion?

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Think about your architecture

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Refactor and make it better continuously

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Frontend and backend are part of the same application

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Don't rewrite your whole codebase in one go

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h"p://twi"er.com/Bas2anHofmann h"p://proﬁles.google.com/bashofmann h"p://lanyrd.com/people/Bas2anHofmann h"p://speakerdeck.com/u/bas2anhofmann h"ps://github.com/bashofmann [email protected]