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To err is human and to blame it on a computer is even more so. -­  Robert  Orben  

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Shrayas  

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Shrayas   Research  Engineer   1  1  1  1  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1                                                                                                                                0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  1  1  0  0  1    

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Shrayas   Research  Engineer   1  1  1  1  0  0  0  0  1  1  1  1                                                                                                                                0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  0  1  1  1  0  0  1    

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2 Rules

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sir  

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sir  

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Q   ?   ?   ?   ?   ?   ?  

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Q   ?   ?   ?   ?   ?   ?  

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WE ARE GOINGZ TO HATEZ U

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ANDROID WE ARE GOINGZ TO LOU U

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Agenda     What is Android   History   Layers   Native Applications

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WHAT? Is  that  green  cute  thing?  

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Yes   No   OS  Opera9ng   System  

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Yes   OS  Opera9ng   System   “Yes  ,  android  IS  an  OS”  

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No   OS  Opera9ng   System   “No  No,  its  something  else”  

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No   “Android  isn’t  an  opera

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Software Stack

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{ Software Stack linux based kernel

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Middleware Key applications Operating System { Software Stack linux based kernel

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Middleware Key applications Operating System { Software Stack linux based kernel

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Android “Android  isn’t  just  an  opera

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Open Source developer developer developer developer tester tester

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developer? Android

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http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html

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SDK

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SDK •  Java •  Brains :)

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SDK •  Java •  Brains :) http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

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…

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HISTORY .. WHOSE? MY STORY?

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2005 2003

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California  

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded CHRIS WHITE

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2003 2005 October     @Palo  Alto,  California   Android, Inc. Was founded “..smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences." CHRIS WHITE

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2005 2003 August  

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2005 2003 August   Google acquires Android, Inc.

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2005 2003 August   Google acquires Android, Inc. CW

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2005 2003 August   Google acquires Android, Inc. CW “..Google was planning to enter the mobile phone market with this move.

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Late 2007 2006 -­‐  Early  2007  

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Late 2007 2006 -­‐  Early  2007   Focus was purely development.

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Late 2007 2006 -­‐  Early  2007   Focus was purely development. Based on the linux kernel

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Late 2007 2006 -­‐  Early  2007   Focus was purely development. Based on the linux kernel Rumors of a handset

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2006 Late 2007

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2006 Late 2007 Open Handset Alliance formed

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2006 Late 2007 Open Handset Alliance formed

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2006 Late 2007 Open Handset Alliance formed “…to develop open standards for mobile devices”

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   1.0 September  23rd  2008  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   1.1 February  9th  2009  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   1.5 30th  April  2009  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   1.6 15th  September  2009  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   2.1 26th  October  2009  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   2.2 20th  May  2010  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   2.3 6th  December  2010  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   3.x 22nd  February  2011  

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Version History 1.0   1.1   1.5   1.6   2.0  /  2.1   2.2   2.3   3.x   4.0?   4.0 Q4  2011  

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…

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WE DEMAND LAYERS!

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The Android open-source software stack , based on the linux kernel consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework on top of Java core libraries running on a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation. Libraries written in C include the surface manager, OpenCore media framework, SQLite relational database management System, OpenGL ES graphics API, WebKit layout engine and the like. Layers  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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Linux Kernel Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel  

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Linux Kernel 2.6   Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel  

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Linux Kernel Security memory management process management network stack driver model. 2.6   Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Middleware

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Middleware Libraries   C   C++   Exposed through android app framework

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Middleware Libraries   Android  Run9me   C   C++   Exposed through android app framework Dalvik  Virtual  Machine   JIT   The set of core libraries providing most functionality

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Dalvik  VM   Encode,  Execute  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Encode,  Execute  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute   DX  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute   DX   .class   .class   .class   .class  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute   DX   .class   .class   .class   .class  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute   DX   .class   .class   .class   .class   DEX  File  

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Dalvik Virtual Machine -­‐  Dan  Bornstein   .dex   Memory   Processing  Speed   Java  VM   Stack  based  architecture   Dalvik  VM   Register  based  architecture   Pop  ,  Encode  ,  execute   Encode,  Execute   DX   .class   .class   .class   .class   DEX  File   .class   .class   .class   Java  bytecode  (dalvik)   Other  Resources  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.”

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Modes of Runtime Operation

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers   Translated  from  a  high-­‐level     language  to  a  machine  code     con9nuously     during  every  execu9on  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers   Compiled  code  is  translated     Into  machine  code  before   Execu9on  and  it  requires   this  transala9on  only  once  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers   Translated  from  a  high-­‐level     language  to  a  machine  code     con9nuously     during  every  execu9on   Compiled  code  is  translated     Into  machine  code  before   Execu9on  and  it  requires   this  transala9on  only  once  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers   Translated  from  a  high-­‐level     language  to  a  machine  code     con9nuously     during  every  execu9on   Compiled  code  is  translated     Into  machine  code  before   Execu9on  and  it  requires   this  transala9on  only  once  

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JIT   Just In Time “Method to improve the runtime performance of computer programs.” Interpreter   Compilers   “A hybrid approach, with translation occurring continuously, as with interpreters, but with caching of translated code to minimize performance degradation."

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Middleware Libraries   Android  Run9me   C   C++   Exposed through android app framework Dalvik  Virtual  Machine   JIT   The set of core libraries providing most functionality

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components Views  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components Views   Content  providers  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components Views   Content  providers   Resource  Manager  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components Views   Content  providers   Resource  Manager   No9fica9on  Manager  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Operating System Open   Plaborm   Rich & Innovative Applications Advantage of device H/W , Location info, BG services, etc Full access to same API’s used by core applications Reusability of components Views   Content  providers   Resource  Manager   Ac9vity  Manager   No9fica9on  Manager  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Key Applications Core Applications Java  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   Key Applications Core Applications Java  

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Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel   } Software Stack

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers   Android   Key  Applica9ons   Opera9ng  System   Middleware   Linux  Kernel  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers   2.6  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers   .dex  

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The Android open-source software stack is based on the linux kernel and consists of Java applications running on a Java-based object-oriented application framework sitting on top of core libraries written in C . In Addition , the runtime consists of a Dalvik virtual machine featuring JIT compilation Layers   .dexJIT  

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Native Applications

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Java

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Java Android SDK

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Java Android SDK Android PacKage

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Java Android SDK Android PacKage APK

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#include Void main() { printf(“Angry Birds”); } .apk

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APK

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DIE PIGZ ! DIE!

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Each Application is a User

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Each Application is a User Unique linux user ID Chmod 777

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Each Application is a User Unique linux user ID Chmod 777 Each Process has its own VM

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Each Application is a User Unique linux user ID Chmod 777 Each Process has its own VM Isolation

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Each Application is a User Unique linux user ID Chmod 777 Each Process has its own VM Isolation “Principle of least privilege”

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Each Application is a User Unique linux user ID Chmod 777 Each Process has its own VM Isolation “Principle of least privilege” Each  applica

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Application Components

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Activities Services Content Providers Broadcast Receivers Intents

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Activities Services Content Providers Broadcast Receivers Intents 5

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Activities Services Content Providers Broadcast Receivers Intents 5

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Activities Single  smallest  independent  en9ty   A single screen with A User Interface

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Services Never  underes9mate  the  quiet  guy  in  the  class   Runs in the BG performing long-running Operations No UI

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Filesystem, SQLite Content Providers Don’t  we  all  love  the  mail  man?  :)   Manages a shared set of application data Content provider sets permissions

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Screen off, Batt low, Data DL Broadcast Receivers Because  lets  face  it  ,  the  familiar  IPL  sound  broadcasted  makes  us  ROAR!   Responds to system wide broadcasts Apps can also broadcast Notification

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K   Intents We  NEED  to  know!   Activities Services Broadcast Recievers +   +   KILLER

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myapp.apk

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https://market.android.com/publish/signup $25.00 One  9me  registera9on  fee  

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WE R GREEDY ! Your Application here :)

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“Stay Hungry , Stay Foolish”

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