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Twig does not make
templating your enemy!
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Hugo Hamon
@hhamon
Head of training at SensioLabs
PHP fan for 10 years
Travel addict
Speaker at many conferences
Book author
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How many of you are…
… web designers?
… web developers?
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So you really think
PHP is a good template
engine?
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You’re totally wrong!
J
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Are you kidding me?
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Why and when using
a template engine?
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What about existing
template engines?
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Twig
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1.
Installation & bootstrap
2.
Twig for web designers
3.
Twig for developers
4.
Frameworks & CMS
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1.
Installation & bootstrap
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Packages Installation
https://github.com/fabpot/twig twig/twig
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Extension Installation
$ cd ext/twig
$ phpize
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
extension = twig.so
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Bootstrapping
require __DIR__.'/vendor/autoload.php';
$loader = new Twig_Loader_Filesystem('/path/to/views');
$twig = new Twig_Environment($loader, array(
'cache' => '/path/to/cache',
));
echo $twig->render('hello.twig', array(
'name' => 'Hugo'
));
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2.
Twig for web designers
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Concise templating
syntax
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Concise Syntax
{# ... comment something ... #}
{% ... do something ... %}
{{ ... display something ... }}
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PHP compilation
and cache
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PHP Compilation and Cache
{# just say hello #}
Hello {{ name }}!
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PHP Compilation and Cache
class __TwigTemplate_df6deba4655fee022981430 extends Twig_Template
{
protected function doDisplay(array $context, array $blocks = array())
{
// line 1
echo "Hello ";
echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, (isset($context["name"]) ?
$context["name"] : null), "html", null, true);
echo "!";
}
// ...
}
Escaping is enabled
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Debugging
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Accurate Debugging
Hello {{ rand(['John', 'Tom', 'Paul']) }}!
Twig_Error_Syntax: The function
"rand" does not exist. Did you mean
"random" in "hello.twig" at line 3
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Dumping a Variable
{% set names = ['John', 'Tom', 'Paul'] %}
{{ dump(names) }}
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Strict Variables Enabled
Hello {{ nam }}!
Twig_Error_Runtime: Variable "nam"
does not exist in "hello.twig" at
line 1
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Output escaping
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Automatic Output Escaping
Hello {{ name }}!
The variable is automatically escaped if it
contains a string
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Escaping Strategies
{{ name|raw }}
{{ name|escape }}
{{ name|e }}
{{ name|e('html') }}
{{ name|e('html_attr') }}
{{ name|e('js') }}
{{ name|e('css') }}
{{ name|e('url') }}
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Output Escaping
{% autoescape %}
Everything will be automatically escaped in this block
using the HTML strategy
{% endautoescape %}
{% autoescape 'js' %}
Everything will be automatically escaped in this block
using the js escaping strategy
{% endautoescape %}
{% autoescape false %}
Everything will be outputted as is in this block
{% endautoescape %}x
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Variables
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Variables Abstraction
{{ article.title }}
The article can be an
array or an object.
The title can be a key of
the array, a public
property, a regular
method or a getter
method.
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Variables Abstraction
echo $article['title'];
echo $article->title;
echo $article->title();
echo $article->getTitle();
echo $article->isTitle();
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Loops & Conditions
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Making Decisions
{% if product.stock > 10 %}
Available
{% elseif product.stock > 0 %}
Only {{ product.stock }} left!
{% else %}
Sold-out!
{% endif %}
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Iterating Over a Collection
{% for post in posts if post.active %}
{{ post.title }}
{{ post.body }} {% else %} No published posts yet. {% endfor %}Slide 36
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Get the Loop Context
Variable Description
loop.index The current iteration of the loop. (1 indexed)
loop.index0 The current iteration of the loop. (0 indexed)
loop.revindex The number of iterations from the end of the loop (1 indexed)
loop.revindex0 The number of iterations from the end of the loop (0 indexed)
loop.first True if rst iteration
loop.last True if last iteration
loop.length The number of items in the sequence
loop.parent The parent context
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Operators
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Operators
o Math: +, -, /, *, **, %
o Logical: or, and, xor
o Concatenation: ~
o Comparison: <, >, <=, >=, ==
o Containment: in, not in
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Functions
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Generating Contents
Hello {{ random(['John', 'Tom', 'Paul']) }}!
{% for i in range(0,10) %}
{{ cycle(['odd', 'even'], i) }}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
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Built-in Functions
o attribute
o block
o constant
o cycle
o date
o parent
o random
o range
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Filters
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Formatting Contents
{{ post.publishedAt|date('d/m/Y') }}
{{ post.title|lower }}
{{ post.title|upper }}
{{ post.title|capitalize }}
{{ post.title|title }}
{{ post.tags|sort|join(', ') }}
{{ post.author|default('Anonymous') }}
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Built-in Filters
o abs
o capitalize
o convert_encoding
o date
o date_modify
o default
o escape
o format
o join
o json_encode
o keys
o length
o lower
o merge
o nl2br
o number_format
o raw
o replace
o reverse
o slice
o sort
o striptags
o title
o trim
o upper
o url_encode
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Whitespace Control
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Whitespace Control
{% spaceless %}
Hello {{ name }}!
{% endspaceless %}Hello Hugo!
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Whitespace Control
Hello {{- name }} !
Hello Hugo !
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Template inclusion
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Template Inclusion
{%
include "list.twig" with {
"section": "blog",
"posts": articles
} only
%}
The included template is
rendered with its own
context.
Isolation
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Template inheritance
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layout.twig
{% block body %}
{% endblock body %}
{% block breadcrumb %} ... {% endblock %}
blog.twig
{% extends "layout.twig" %}
{% block breadcrumb %}
{{ parent() }} - Blog
{% endblock breadcrumb %}
{% block body %}
Latest posts
{% include "posts.twig" %} {% endblock body %}Slide 52
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{% extends "layout.twig" %}
{% block breadcrumb %}
{{ parent() }} - Blog
{% endblock breadcrumb %}
{% block body %}
Latest posts
{% include "posts.twig" %} {% endblock body %} Template Inheritance Extend the parent template. Reuse the parent block default value. Fill the parent body block.Slide 53
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No content
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Macros
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Defining Macros
{% macro input(name, value, type, size) %}
{% endmacro %}
Default argument values are
defined with the default filter
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Using Macros
{% import "forms.html" as forms %}
{{ forms.input('username') }}
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Sandboxed
environment
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Whitelist Filtering
$tags = array('if');
$functions = array('range');
$filters = array('upper');
$methods = array(
'Article' => array('getTitle', 'getBody'),
'Tag' => array('getName'),
);
$properties = array(
'Article' => array('title', 'body'),
'Tag' => array('name'),
);
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Enabling Sandbox Mode
$policy = new Twig_Sandbox_SecurityPolicy(
$tags,
$filters,
$methods,
$properties,
$functions
);
$sandbox = new Twig_Extension_Sandbox($policy);
$twig = new Twig_Environment();
$twig->addExtension($sandbox);
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Using the Sandbox Mode
{% sandbox %}
{% include 'users.html' %}
{% endsandbox %}
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Enabling Sandbox Mode
$sandbox = new Twig_Extension_Sandbox($policy, true);
Sandbox mode is
automatically enabled for all
template
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Enabling Sandbox Mode
{% block foo 'bar' %}
{% include 'users.html' %}
Twig_Sandbox_SecurityError:
Tag "block" is not allowed in
"hello.twig" at line 2
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3.
Twig for developers
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I want to customize
Twig!
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Internal Architecture
Lexer
Parser
Compiler
Extension
Extension
Extensions
Twig_Environment
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The Twig Lexer
$template = <<tokenize($template);
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The Twig Parser
$ast = $twig->parse($stream);
Twig_Node_Module(
Twig_Node_Text(Hello )
Twig_Node_Print(
Twig_Node_Expression_Name(name)
)
Twig_Node_Text(!)
)
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The Twig Compiler
$php = $twig->compile($ast);
class __TwigTemplate_1121b6f109fe93ebe8c6e22e3712b extends Twig_Template
{
protected function doDisplay(array $context, array $blocks = array())
{
// line 1
echo "Hello ";
echo twig_escape_filter($this->env, $this->getContext($context,
"name"), "ndex", null, true);
echo "!";
}
// some more code
}
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Configuring Twig
$twig = new Twig_Environment(array(
'strict_variables' => true,
'debug' => true,
'cache' => '/path/to/cache',
'base_template_class' => 'MyTemplate',
'autoescape' => 'js',
'optimizations' => -1,
));
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Customizing Twig T
ags
$twig = new Twig_Environment();
$lexer = new Twig_Lexer($twig, array(
'tag_comment' => array('{*', '*}'),
'tag_block' => array('{', '}'),
'tag_variable' => array('{$', '}'),
));
$twig->setLexer($lexer);
Smarty tags
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Twig extensions
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Extending the Twig Gramar
o Global variables
o Global functions
o Filters
o Tests
o Operators
o T
ags
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Built-in Extensions
Exension name Description
Core Provides the core features
Debug Provides debugging tools like the dump() function
Escaper Provides escaping tools
Optimizer Provides optimization tools
Sandbox Provides the sandboxed environment capabilities
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The Twig Extension Class
abstract class Twig_Extension implements
Twig_ExtensionInterface
{
public function initRuntime(Twig_Environment $environment);
public function getTokenParsers();
public function getNodeVisitors();
public function getFilters();
public function getTests();
public function getFunctions();
public function getOperators();
public function getGlobals();
}
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Creating a Twig Extension
class GravatarExtension extends \Twig_Extension
{
public function getName()
{
return 'gravatar';
}
}
The abstract getName()
method must be
implemented.
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Registering the Extension
$extension = new GravatarExtension();
$twig = new Twig_Environment();
$twig->addExtension($extension);
Easy uh?!
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Adding a new Global Function
class GravatarExtension extends \Twig_Extension
{
public function getFunctions()
{
return array(
'gravatar' => new \Twig_Function_Method($this, 'getGravatar'),
);
}
public function getGravatar($email, $size = '80', $rating = 'g')
{
$url = 'http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/%s?size=%u&rating=%s';
$hash = md5(strtolower(trim($email)));
return sprintf($url, $hash, (int) $size, $rating);
}
}
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Using the Global Function
{% set uri = gravatar("[email protected]") %}
Twig now knows this
function.
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4.
Frameworks & CMS
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I want to use Twig
with my favorite
framework or CMS!
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Symfony 1.4
sfTwigPlugin
http://www.symfony-project.org/plugins/sfTwigPlugin
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Symfony2
Built-in
Forms themes
Render tag
Trans tag
Routing functions
Yaml filters
…
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Zend Framework 1
Ano_ZFTwig
Automatic escaping
Layout inheritance
Javascripts helpers
Stylesheets helpers
Routing helpers
https://github.com/benjamindulau/Ano_ZFTwig
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Zend Framework 2
Zfc_Twig
Automatic escaping
Layout inheritance
Action rendering
Forms helpers
Events triggering
https://github.com/ZF-Commons/ZfcTwig
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Drupal 7
Drupal themes
Switch/Case tag
I18n capabilities
Extra filters
Extra functions
http://drupal.org/sandbox/ReneB/1075966
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WordPress
o http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/ap-twig-bridge/
o http://inchoo.net/wordpress/twig-wordpress-part2/
o https://github.com/cordoval/Twig-for-WordPress
o https://github.com/maxcal/Twigpress
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Questions
?
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Join us in Berlin!
Symfony Live
November 22nd – 23rd
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Community Feedbacks
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Thank You!