Helgi Þormar Þorbjörnsson
ZendCon, Santa Clara, 24th of Oct 2012
Cranking
Nginx
to 11
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 2
Slide 2 text
Co-founded Orchestra.io
Work at EngineYard
PEAR Developer
From Iceland
@h on Twitter
Helgi
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 3
Slide 3 text
Nginx
Just a web server?
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 4
Slide 4 text
✓ Web Server
✓ Proxy
✓ Cache
✓ Mail Proxy
✓ And more!
No! It’s so much more!
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 5
Slide 5 text
The journey to 11
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 6
Slide 6 text
Important for tweaking
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 7
Slide 7 text
Always run configtest before
doing anything!
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 8
Slide 8 text
Reload (HUP Signal)
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 9
Slide 9 text
Reload (HUP Signal)
‣ Reloads config
‣ Starts up new workers
‣ Old workers stop listening
‣ Finish up any work they have
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 10
Slide 10 text
Upgrade (USR2 Signal)
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 11
Slide 11 text
Upgrade (USR2 Signal)
‣ Live upgrade of Nginx executable
‣ Starts up a new Master
‣ Run in parallel
‣ Old Workers gracefully shutdown
‣ Old Master can be brought back
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 12
Slide 12 text
Location Blocks
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 13
Slide 13 text
Foundation of most things we will do
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 14
Slide 14 text
Most Common Block
location / {
try_files $uri
$uri/
/index.php$is_args$args;
}
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 15
Slide 15 text
location /helgi/is/awesome {
return 202;
}
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 16
Slide 16 text
Accepts Regex
Done by adding ~ in front of the regular expression
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 17
Slide 17 text
Accepts Regex
# deny access to all .dot-files
location ~ /\. {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}
# deny access to all backups
location ~ ~$ {
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 18
Slide 18 text
Error Pages
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 19
Slide 19 text
Basic Custom 404
error_page 404 /errors/404.html;
Requires /errors/404.html to be
in the document root
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Nginx + FPM
location = /health/ping {
fastcgi_pass healthcheck;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME
$document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
}
upstream healthcheck {
server unix:/var/run/php/healthcheck.sock;
}
Nginx Config
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 30
Slide 30 text
Rewrite Module
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 31
Slide 31 text
Regex (PCRE)
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 32
Slide 32 text
Responsible for all if statements, file
exists checks, returns and more.
Can work with most Nginx variables
such as http_cookie, user agent, uri
and countless others.
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 33
Slide 33 text
last
break
redirect
permanent
Finish rewrite and evaluates
all rewrites again
Finish rewrite does no further
rewrite processing
Returns a 302 on the rewrite
Returns a 301 on the rewrite
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 34
Slide 34 text
server {
server_name www.helgi.ws;
rewrite ^/(.*)$ helgi.ws/$1 permanent;
}
server {
server_name www.helgi.ws;
rewrite ^ helgi.ws$request_uri permanent;
}
Forward Domains
How to send www.helgi.ws to helgi.ws
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 35
Slide 35 text
Forward Domains
server {
server_name www.helgi.ws;
return 301 $scheme://helgi.ws$request_uri;
}
The Correct Way™
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 36
Slide 36 text
upstream web_workers {
server unix:/var/run/php/www1.sock;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
if (!-f $request_filename) {
return 404;
}
fastcgi_pass web_workers;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors off;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $host;
}
PHP + Nginx
Wednesday, 24 October 12
# set input headers
location /foo {
more_set_input_headers 'Host: ShoelessJoes';
more_set_input_headers -t 'text/plain' 'X-Tek: bah';
}
# replace input header X-Tek *only* if it already exists
more_set_input_headers -r 'X-Tek: howdy';
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 58
Slide 58 text
Load Balancing
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 59
Slide 59 text
upstream web_workers {
server www1.example.com;
server www2.example.com;
server www3.example.com;
server www4.example.com;
}
Simple Round Robin
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 60
Slide 60 text
upstream web_workers {
ip_hash;
server www1.example.com;
server www2.example.com;
server www3.example.com;
server www4.example.com;
}
Consistent IP Routing
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 61
Slide 61 text
upstream web_workers {
server www1.example.com;
server www2.example.com weight=2 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=15;
server www3.example.com weight=4 max_fails=3;
server www4.example.com weight=4 max_fails=4 fail_timeout=20;
keepalive 8;
}
Different Weights
weight and ip_hash can work
together in Nginx 1.3.1+
Wednesday, 24 October 12
cd /path/to/your/nginx/source
./configure --add-module=/usr/local/nginx/mod/headers-more/
make
make install
How to compile modules into nginx
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 66
Slide 66 text
Blue Sky thinking!
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 67
Slide 67 text
Memcache
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 68
Slide 68 text
Nginx
PHP
Memcache
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 69
Slide 69 text
Nginx
PHP Memcache
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 70
Slide 70 text
location / {
if ($request_method != GET) {
rewrite . @fallback last;
}
# append an extenstion for proper MIME type detection
if ($args ~* format=json) {
rewrite ^/$uri/?(.*)$ /$uri.json$1 break;
}
if ($args ~* format=xml) {
rewrite ^/$uri/?(.*)$ /$uri.xml$1 break;
}
if ($args ~* format=html) {
default_type text/html;
add_header "Content" "text/html; charset=utf8";
charset utf-8;
}
set $memcached_key nginx_prefix$uri;
memcached_pass memcache_backend;
error_page 500 404 405 = @fallback;
}
location @fallback {
/* pass to FastCGI */
}
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 71
Slide 71 text
MySQL
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 72
Slide 72 text
JSON + CSV Output
Wednesday, 24 October 12
Slide 73
Slide 73 text
Questions?
@h
helgi@engineyard.com
Please rate at joind.in/7387
Wednesday, 24 October 12