Zend Db In ZF2 - Speaker Deck

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Zend\Db in ZF 2.0 1

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Who Am I? •Ralph Schindler (ralphschindler) Software Engineer on the Zend Framework team •At Zend for 4 years •Before that TippingPoint/3Com Programming PHP for 13+ years Live in New Orleans, LA. •Lived in Austin, Tx for 5 years 2 2

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ZF 2.0 •Next generation of Zend Framework •Embrace 5.3 (and 5.4 in some places) •Embrace multiple programming paradigms AOP Event driven programming •More SOLID http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOLID_(object-oriented_design) More interfaces, more possibility for extension Practice dependency injection •More Agile and open! No more CLA Code on github.com 3 3

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Zend\Db first pass... •Converted to namespaces •Converted to new Exception standards •Then, left alone while other things were developed on •Rewrite initial release in place of old Zend\Db during beta3 March 2012 4 4

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Zend\Db Requirements In Short •A more clear and concise API (single responsibility) •Open for extension (open/close principle) •Practice dependency injection •Favor composition over inheritance •Do not solve Model Domain problems 5 5

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What does that mean in practice •No statics anywhere 1 Exception: •class Zend\Db\TableGateway\Feature\GlobalAdapterFeature •Lots of (simple) interfaces Construction Free / Dependency Free Interfaces •Zend\Db\Adapter can be treated like a collaborator (dependency) in other components Zend\Db\TableGateway Zend\Db\Sql Zend\Db\Metadata ... Zend\Db\ActiveRecord? 6 6

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What does that mean in practice, cont. •Very few Abstract classes ... Only in places where it is clear there is some shared implementation details •No final keyword on classes •No privates inside classes •All API are database centric, not model centric columns rows tables schemas 7 7

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Walking through Zend\Db •Under the Zend\Db Namespace: Adapter ResultSet Sql TableGateway RowGateway Metadata 8 8

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Insert->Header & Footer Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter & Zend\Db\Adapter\ResultSet 9 9

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Zend\Db\Adapter •Zend\Db\Adapter is a namespace •Zend\Db\Adapter\Adapter is the “kernel” of Zend\Db •Zend\Db\Adapter\* are all the interfaces and implementation details of the Adapter 10 10

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https://github.com/zendframework/zf2/blob/master/library/Zend/Db/Adapter/Adapter.php 11

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Two Primary Parts of Zend\Db\Adapter •Driver •Platform 12 12

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Driver Responsibilities •Connecting to proper PHP extension •Reporting the capabilities of the extension •Coordinating 3 primary areas of interaction from driver object: Connections Statements Results 13 13

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Driver continued •Connection Interface wrapper for connection resource and/or functions 14 14

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Driver continued •Statement interface wrapper for statement resource and/or functions 15 15

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Driver continued •Result interface wrapper for result resource and/or function 16 16

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Platform •Responsible for: Knowing how to quote in a vendor RDBMS specific way Knowing the "name" of the database in a code-neutral way 17 17

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Creating an Adapter •The really hard and explicit way ... 18 18

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Creating An Adapter •The Easy and configuration driven way ... 19 19

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Connection abstraction •first parameter of Adapter takes an array •Keys: driver, database, hostname, port, username, password, (pdodriver) any key you might find in php.net documentation 20 20

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Adapter Convenience •Convenience API 21 21

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Zend\Db\ResultSet •A collection of Rows •Model iteration in an Adapter/Driver neutral way •Present Rows as objects or arrays •There are A default concrete implementation ResultSet An abstract implementation for iterating common row sets An interface that enforces the Prototype pattern 22 22

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Insert->Header & Footer Zend\Db\Sql 26 26

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Zend\Db\Sql •Abstraction layer for creating DML (Data Manipulation Language in SQL) Select, Insert, Update, Delete •2 Modes Statement preparation SQL string generation 27 27

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Zend\Db\Sql cont. •Serializable, clone-able objects Contain no references to adapter or platform objects •Preform Adapter specific parameterization Does the driver use ? or does it use :name? •Abstraction for DDL (Data Definition Language in SQL) (not completed yet, planned for 2.1) 28 28

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Zend\Db\Sql\Insert, Update, Delete •Insert: 29 29

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Zend\Db\Sql\Insert, Update, Delete •Update: 30 30

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Zend\Db\Sql\Insert, Update, Delete •Delete 31 31

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Zend\Db\Sql\Select •Object for building queries •columns, joins, where, offset, limit •Ability to track identifiers and values in vendor and driver neutral way •Fluent API (LINQ style) 32 32

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Zend\Db\Sql\Select 33 about 30 or so of these reserved for later (demo time)... 33

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Zend\Db\Sql\Expression •Query/Statement agnostic value and identifier placeholders Uses “?” as common placeholder •Object to use for “pass through” of SQL fragments Much like Zend_Db_Expr in ZF1 34 34

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Zend\Db\Sql\Where & Predicates •Zend\Db\Sql\Where models SQL WHERE statements Is the first node of a tree •Zend\Db\Sql\Predicate are SQL predicates http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_(SQL) Truth values Combined by parenthesizes, AND and OR Predicate sets can be nested: •by API: $predicateSet->andPredicate($predicate); •or via Fluent: – $where->NEST->like(‘name’, ‘Ralph%’)->UNNEST; •example to follow in later slides 35 35

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This actually is the interface for where, as class Where extends Predicate {} ... 36

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Supported Predicates •Between •Expression SQL Fragment / Specialized functions, etc •In •IsNull •Like •Operator (>, <, =, <>, >=, <=) •Will explore more in Demo, if time permits https://github.com/zendframework/zf2/tree/master/library/Zend/Db/Sql/Predicate 37 37

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SQL Abstraction •Zend\Db\Sql\Sql is how you attain SQL abstraction according to the specific adapter / platform you are attempting to run against. They can be bound to a table Is used to take Select, Insert, Update, Delete objects and prepare or generate SQL for. 38 38

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LIMIT OFFSET EXAMPLE 40

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LIMIT OFFSET EXAMPLE 40

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Insert->Header & Footer Zend\Db\TableGateway Zend\Db\RowGateway 41 41

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Zend\Db\TableGateway •Table Data Gateway Pattern •http://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/tableDataGateway.html •“An object that acts as a Gateway to a database table. One instance handles all the rows in the table.” 42 42

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TableGateway Interface •TableGatewayInterface •TableGateway Implementations: AbstractTableGateway TableGateway 43 43

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TableGateway 44

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Zend\Db\RowGateway •Row Data Gateway •http://martinfowler.com/eaaCatalog/rowDataGateway.html •“An object that acts as a Gateway to a single record in a data source. There is one instance per row.” 46 46

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RowGateway Interface 47 47

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Insert->Header & Footer Zend\Db\Metadata 49 49

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Zend\Db\Metadata •Component capable of interrogating a database for schema information •Describe schema to consumers in a vendor neutral way •Cacheable and serializable 50 50

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Metadata Interface 51 51

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Insert->Header & Footer Learn By Example 52 52

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Examples •Zend\Db\Sql\Select Examples https://gist.github.com/3949548 •Working example repository: https://github.com/ralphschindler/Zend_Db-Examples/ Follow instructions there to setup working PDO sqlite file •essentially just: php setup/up.php •Another Framework-less project using Zend\Db https://github.com/ralphschindler/PatternsTutorialApp Explored Modeling with Zend\Db •Repository •Mapper •Entity •Data Mapper consuming Zend\Db\TableGateway 53 53

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Future •2.1 Db2 Adapter Oracle Adapter •2.1 or 2.2 DDL generation •2.2+ (If there is any demand) ActiveRecord using static inheritance 54 54

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Insert->Header & Footer Thanks! http://twitter.com/ralphschindler http://framework.zend.com/zf2 http://github.com/zendframework/ http://github.com/ralphschindler 55 55