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Cloud Computing for Hackers

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Thanks for showing up

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We are going to move fast

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I will stop for questions

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Giovanni Collazo @gcollazo

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Hacker

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“jakel”

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“To programmers, ‘hacker’ connotes mastery in the most literal sense: someone who can make a computer do what he wants—whether the computer wants to or not” - Paul Graham

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“It can be either a compliment or an insult. It's called a hack when you do something in an ugly way. But when you do something so clever that you somehow beat the system, that's also called a hack.” - Paul Graham

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If you are here you are a Hacker

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So, what’s cloud computing?

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a computer in the sky

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a computer over network

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a computer somewhere on the internet

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elastic

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providing service as a utility

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the illusion of infinite supply

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Why so much attention?

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Paradigm shift

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Everything talks to the network

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All computers are over the network

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Does it matter if the other side of the cable is in the same building?

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For most apps it doesn’t matter

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So, I don’t have to buy and maintain servers?

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Why Hackers should care?

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We can deploy a server in seconds

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We can deploy hundreds in minutes

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Pay for what you use

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New kinds of apps are possible

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New toy to play with

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How many servers they have?

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It’s been reported that AWS has somewhere around 500,000

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That’s not enough

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They are enough because the are virtualized

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What’s this virtualization thing?

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Hardware virtualization or platform virtualization refers to the creation of a virtual machine that acts like a real computer with an operating system - Wikipedia

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One physical machine can run multiple virtual machines

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They share the resources of the physical machine

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XEN

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XEN x86, x86_64, IA64, ARM

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XEN Windows, Linux, Solaris, BSD

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They look like “real” machines over the network

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They are cheap to run

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This is specially cool for scaling web apps

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Modern web apps are designed to scale horizontally

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That means that to support more traffic you just add more “cheap” machines

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...instead of using really big, powerful and “expensive” machines

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What does the architecture of a web app looks like?

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App Server HTTP Request HTTP Response DB

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App Server HTTP Request HTTP Response DB Cache

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App Server HTTP Request HTTP Response Cache DB Reads & Writes

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App Server HTTP Request HTTP Response Cache DB Reads & Writes App Server Load Balancer

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Load Balancer App Server App Server App Server App Server DB Read Slave DB Read Slave Cache Reads DB Master Writes Replication HTTP Request HTTP Response

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Load Balancer App Server App Server App Server App Server Cache DB01 HTTP Request HTTP Response DB02 DB03 Shard01 Shard10 Shard11 Shard20 Shard21 Shard30 Reads & Writes Reads & Writes

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what if AWS goes down?

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AWS America East Rackspace OpenCloud DNS

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18 million visitors per month 3 million + users 410TB of data

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12 Employees

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30 million users 150 million photos

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3 engineers

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Sold for $1 billion to Facebook

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OK. Got it! How do I use the cloud?

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There are many approaches to “the cloud” but we are going to talk about 2

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The ones I think you’ll care about

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you rent an instance

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you manage your OS

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upgrade packages

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take care of security

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... and availability

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it’s the closest to renting a physical server on a data center

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maximum control

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management over web console or api

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They provide a container for your app

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Easy deployment

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git push heroku master

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They take care of OS level issues

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Super easy scaling

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They enforce good app design

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Less control over the environment

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They run on top of AWS

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What should I use?

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Well, it depends

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Understand the AWS model

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Start with Heroku

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Move to AWS when it’s absolutely necessary

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Hands-on

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Login to the AWS console

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Create a Linux instance

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Install Apache and PHP

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Create a simple PHP script

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Warning

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Let’s do it

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https://blimp.signin.aws.amazon.com/console

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chmod 600 keyfile.pem

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ssh -i keyname.pem ubuntu@hostname

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sudo aptitude install apache2

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sudo aptitude install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

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cd /var/www/

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sudo mv index.html index.php

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sudo vim index.php

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Now what?

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Live demo

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Creating an image from a running instance

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Launch an instance from an image

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Creating an ELB

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Me gusta

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ProTips™

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Free Tier

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Micro instances are throttled down after a few minutes of heavy use

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Using the biggest available instance size gets you a “full” machine

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Chaos Monkey

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Homework: Try to learn some Python

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That’s it for today... Questions

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Day 2

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Cloud Computing for Hackers

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Load Balancer Web Dyno Web Dyno Worker Dyno Cron Dyno HTTP Request HTTP Response

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Load Balancer Web Dyno Web Dyno Worker Dyno Cron Dyno HTTP Request HTTP Response Ruby, Python, Scala, Java, Javascript, PHP

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They do SysOps

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You make web apps

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Let’s try it

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Setup a Python dev environment

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Create a virtualenv for our first project

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Create the simplest web app ever made

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Deploy to Heroku

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Make changes to the app

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Deploy again

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Start * tested on Mac OSX

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mkdir ~/.virtualenvs

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sudo easy_install pip

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sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper

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vim ~/.bash_profile

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export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh .bash_profile

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source ~/.bash_profile

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cd ~/Desktop mkdir myapp cd myapp

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mkvirtualenv myapp

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pip install flask pip freeze > requirements.txt

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app.py import os from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True @app.route("/") def hello(): return 'Hello: {}'.format(os.uname()[1]) if __name__ == "__main__": port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 5000)) app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port)

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python app.py open http://localhost:5000

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vim Procfile

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web: python app.py Procfile

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git init git add . git commit -m ‘Initial Commit’

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Install the Heroku Toolbelt https://toolbelt.heroku.com

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Sign up to Heroku https://api.heroku.com/signup

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heroku login

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heroku create

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git push heroku master

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heroku open

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import os from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True @app.route("/") def hello(): return 'Bye: {}'.format(os.uname()[1]) if __name__ == "__main__": port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 5000)) app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port) app.py

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git commit -am ‘Small copy change’

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git push heroku master

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heroku open

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Something more exiting, please * tested on Mac OSX

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Let’s use Redis

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brew install redis * Mac OSX only

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pip install redis

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pip freeze > requirements.txt

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import os import redis redis_url = os.getenv('REDISTOGO_URL', 'redis://localhost:6379/0') redis = redis.from_url(redis_url) store.py

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mkdir templates vim templates/index.html

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The List
    {% for item in the_list %}
  • {{ item }}
    • {% endfor%}
index.html

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import os import time from flask import Flask from flask import render_template from store import redis app = Flask(__name__) app.debug = True @app.route("/") def hello(): redis.rpush('thelist', 'Hello: {} - {}'.format(os.uname()[1], time.time())) the_list = redis.lrange('thelist', 0, -1) return render_template('index.html', the_list=the_list) if __name__ == "__main__": port = int(os.environ.get('PORT', 5000)) app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=port) app.py

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git add . git commit -am ‘Added redis’

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heroku addons:add redistogo:nano

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git push heroku master heroku open

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How can I manage the app?

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heroku ps

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heroku logs

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heroku config

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ProTips™

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heroku logs --tail

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heroku run bash

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heroku maintenance:on heroku maintenance:off

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Prevent app from sleeping http://pingdom.com

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Use foreman locally to run multiple app processes

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web: python app.py redis: redis-server Procfile.local

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foreman start -f Profile.local

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Q&A

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Giovanni Collazo @gcollazo