Video Stream on Android (DevFest Tokyo 2016)

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Video Streaming on Android wasabeef

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About me 降矢大地 (Daichi Furiya) Google Developer Expert AbemaTV, Inc. wasabeef @wasabeef_jp

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Streaming

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Streaming? 1:30 1:31 1:32 1:33

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HLS MPEG-DASH Microsoft Smooth Streaming RTMP Streaming?

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Video compression

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Video compression 30fps 1sec 60KB × 30 = 1.8MB 1min 1.8MB × 60 = 108MB 1hour 108MB × 10 = 1.1GB 60KB 65KB 55KB 50KB

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Video compression 60KB 5KB 2KB 7KB 30fps 1sec 60KB + (4KB × 30) = 180KB 1min 60KB + (4KB × 1800) = 7.2MB 1hour 7.2MB × 10 = 72MB

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Video compression Be impossible ;(

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Key Frame Be possible :)

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Video structure Video Audio Meta Butterﬂy…? Discovered

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Format

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Container format

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.avi .mp4 .mkv .ogg .ﬂv etc.. Container format Video H.264 H.265 Divx VP9 Audio AAC WMA Voribis PCM Caption SAMI, SMIL Hi-Caption CMML, DXFP Meta Date Author Title

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Video codec

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H.264/MPEG-4 AVC H.265/HEVC VP8 VP9 Video codec

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8K 300fps Half the size of AVC Android 5.+ H.265/HEVC

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Audio codec

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MP3 AAC PCM Vorbis Audio Codec

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HLS

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Apple Adaptive bitrate streaming MPEG2-TS H.264/AAC HLS

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MPEG-4 Fragment Support In-playlist metadata Oﬄine HLS playback NEW HLS

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Draft - HTTP Live Streaming http://bit.ly/hls20 Document

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playlist.m3u8

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BigBuckBunny.mp4 (65MB) https://peach.blender.org/

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720p

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1280×720 16:9 (1.78:1) Progressive 720p

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# ﬀmpeg -i BigBuckBunny.mp4 \ -vcodec libx264 \ -s 1280x720 \ -acodec aac -b:a 256k \ -ﬂags +loop-global_header \ -bsf h264_mp4toannexb \ -f segment -segment_format mpegts \ -segment_time 10 \ -segment_list output.m3u8 output_%04d.ts Converting MP4 to HLS With FFmpeg

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Converting MP4 to HLS With FFmpeg

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ts?

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Transport Stream (ts) Segment Container (2sec 〜 10sec)

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# python -m SimpleHTTPServer Web Server

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10 #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0 #EXTINF:10, no desc output0000.ts #EXTINF:10, no desc output0001.ts #EXTINF:10, no desc 〜 ... 〜 output180.ts #EXT-X-ENDLIST playlist.m3u8

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playlist.m3u8 Segment1.ts Length: 10sec Segment2.ts Length: 10sec Segment3.ts Length: 10sec Segment4.ts Length: 10sec Header Footer

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playlist.m3u8 Segment1.ts Length: 10sec Segment2.ts Length: 10sec Advertising.ts Length: 10sec Segment3.ts Length: 10sec Header Footer

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1, BANDWIDTH=200000 playlist1.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1, BANDWIDTH=311111 playlist2.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1, BANDWIDTH=484444 playlist3.m3u8 #EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1, BANDWIDTH=737777 playlist4.m3u8 playlist.m3u8

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playlist.m3u8 playlist1.m3u8 BANDWIDTH: 200000 Header playlist2.m3u8 BANDWIDTH: 311111 playlist3.m3u8 BANDWIDTH: 484444 playlist4.m3u8 BANDWIDTH: 737777

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MPEG-DASH

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Microsoft, Netﬂix, Google, Ericsson, Samsung, Adobe Adaptive bitrate streaming fMP4, WebM, MPEG2-TS MPEG-DASH

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manifest.mdp

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manifest.mdp <-- Created with Bento4 mp4-dash.py, VERSION=1.7.0-613 --> <-- Video --> <-- Audio -->

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- Root manifest.mdp - A start time and duration. - Audio/Video content - Bitrate and Aspect

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Android

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Android Media APIs

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AudioTrack MediaPlayer JetPlayer SoundPool Android Media APIs

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API Level 1 Native (C/C++) Simple Not customizable MediaPlayer

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MediaPlayer MediaExtractor MediaCodec AudioTrack MediaPlayer Network Buﬀering Extraction Decoding Rendering

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MediaPlayer String url = “http://wasabeef.jp/sample.mp4”; MediaPlayer mediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(STREAM_MUSIC); mediaPlayer.setDataSource(url); mediaPlayer.prepare(); mediaPlayer.setSurface(surface); mediaPlayer.start(); // mediaPlayer.release();

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ExoPlayer

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API Level 16 Easy to extend and customize HLS, MPEG-DASH, SmoothStreaming DRM (WideVine, PlayReady) ExoPlayer

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Supported Devices/Formats

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Devices Use Case Version API Level Audio 4.1 16 Video 4.1 16 WideVine 4.3 18 PlayReady AndroidTV AndroidTV

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Formats (Containers) Feature HLS MPEG-DASH fMP4 ✕ ◯ WebM ✕ ◯ Matroska ✕ ◯ MPEG-TS ◯ ✕ ADTS(AAC) ◯ ✕ MP3 ◯ ✕

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Formats (Closed Caption) Feature HLS MPEG-DASH TTML ✕ ◯ WebVTT ◯ ◯ Tx3g ✕ ◯ SubRip ✕ ◯ EIA-608 ◯ ✕

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Formats (Meta) Feature HLS MPEG-DASH ID3 Tags ◯ ✕

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Formats (Content Protection) Feature HLS MPEG-DASH AES-128 ◯ ✕ WideVine ✕ ◯ PlayReady ◯ △ (AndroidTV)

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2.x

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A greatly simplified demo app. A VideoView equivalent in SimpleExoPlayerView. Improved Audio extension APIs with pre- built extensions for ffmpeg, opus, and flac. Playlist Support. New features

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ExoPlayer MediaSource Parser Extractor DataSource MediaCodecRenderer MediaCodec AudioTrack ExoPlayer Network Buﬀering Extraction Decoding Rendering

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MediaSource

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HlsMediaSource DashMediaSource SsMediaSource ExtractorMediaSource MediaSource

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MergingMediaSource LoopingMediaSource ConcatenatingMediaSource MediaSource

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MediaSource // Measures bandwidth during playback. Can be null if not required. DefaultBandwidthMeter bandwidth = new DefaultBandwidthMeter(); // Produces DataSource instances through which media data is loaded. DataSource.Factory dataSource = new DefaultDataSourceFactory(this, Util.getUserAgent(this, "wasabeef"), bandwidthMeter); // Produces Extractor instances for parsing the media data. ExtractorsFactory extractors = new DefaultExtractorsFactory(); // This is the MediaSource representing the media to be played. MediaSource videoSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(mp4VideoUri, dataSource, extractors, null, null); // Prepare the player with the source. player.prepare(videoSource);

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Parser

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10 #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0 #EXTINF:10, no desc output0000.ts #EXTINF:10, no desc output0001.ts #EXTINF:10, no desc 〜省略〜 output180.ts #EXT-X-ENDLIST Parser

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HlsPlaylistParser DashManifestParser SsManifestParser Parser

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HlsPlaylistParser private static final String TAG_VERSION = "#EXT-X-VERSION"; private static final String TAG_STREAM_INF = "#EXT-X-STREAM-INF"; private static final String TAG_MEDIA = "#EXT-X-MEDIA"; private static final String TAG_DISCONTINUITY = "#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY"; private static final String TAG_MEDIA_DURATION = “#EXTINF"; // ...

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Extractor

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TsExtractor FragmentedMp4Extractor Mp4Extractor FlvExtractor Extractor

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DataSource

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DataSource // Measures bandwidth during playback. Can be null if not required. DefaultBandwidthMeter bandwidth = new DefaultBandwidthMeter(); // Produces DataSource instances through which media data is loaded. DataSource.Factory dataSource = new DefaultDataSourceFactory(this, Util.getUserAgent(this, "wasabeef"), bandwidthMeter); // Produces Extractor instances for parsing the media data. ExtractorsFactory extractors = new DefaultExtractorsFactory(); // This is the MediaSource representing the media to be played. MediaSource videoSource = new ExtractorMediaSource(mp4VideoUri, dataSource, extractors, null, null); // Prepare the player with the source. player.prepare(videoSource);

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HttpDataSource FileDataSource AssetDataSource ContentDataSource DataSource

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with HLS

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HLS Encryption

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A Hollywood grade DRM is not always needed, sometimes it’s enough to just add another layer of security through AES encryption. HLS Encryption

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#EXTM3U #EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:10 #EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0 HLS Encryption #EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="wasabeef:// yehMW2VNXmRAfYpUsYu2W5",IV=0xa0c54559151ced7 76a41893c737dea5f #EXTINF:5, output000.ts #EXT-X-ENDLIST

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DataSource

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HttpDataSource FileDataSource AssetDataSource ContentDataSource HLS Encryption - DataSource

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HLS Encryption - DataSource @Override public long open(DataSpec dataSpec) throws IOException { Assertions.checkState(dataSource == null); // Choose the correct source for the scheme. String scheme = dataSpec.uri.getScheme(); if (Util.isLocalFileUri(dataSpec.uri)) { if (dataSpec.uri.getPath().startsWith("/android_asset/")) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else { dataSource = fileDataSource; } } else if (SCHEME_ASSET.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else if (SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = contentDataSource; } else { dataSource = baseDataSource; } // Open the source and return. return dataSource.open(dataSpec); }

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HLS Encryption - DataSource @Override public long open(DataSpec dataSpec) throws IOException { Assertions.checkState(dataSource == null); // Choose the correct source for the scheme. String scheme = dataSpec.uri.getScheme(); if (Util.isLocalFileUri(dataSpec.uri)) { if (dataSpec.uri.getPath().startsWith("/android_asset/")) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else { dataSource = fileDataSource; } } else if (SCHEME_ASSET.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else if (SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = contentDataSource; } else if (SCHEME_WASABEEF.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = wasabeefDataSource; } else { dataSource = baseDataSource; } // Open the source and return. return dataSource.open(dataSpec); }

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ID3v2 Tags

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The timed metadata information can be used by clients as cuepoints, for information display, to invoke time- aligned actions, and so on. This information is available to the client on the playback timeline in the form of ID3 tags in HLS. ID3v2 Tags

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MPEG-TS Support TXXX, PRIV, GEOB, APIC, Text Infomation ID3v2 Tags

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SimpleExoPlayer.java @Override public void onMetadata(List id3Frames) { if (id3Output != null) { id3Output.onMetadata(id3Frames); } }

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with MPEG-DASH

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Content Protection Event Stream EMSG with MPEG-DASH

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Content Protection

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manifest.mdp <-- Created with Bento4 mp4-dash.py, VERSION=1.7.0-613 --> <-- Video --> <-- Audio -->

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manifest.mdp

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Content Protection - DataSource @Override public long open(DataSpec dataSpec) throws IOException { Assertions.checkState(dataSource == null); // Choose the correct source for the scheme. String scheme = dataSpec.uri.getScheme(); if (Util.isLocalFileUri(dataSpec.uri)) { if (dataSpec.uri.getPath().startsWith("/android_asset/")) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else { dataSource = fileDataSource; } } else if (SCHEME_ASSET.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = assetDataSource; } else if (SCHEME_CONTENT.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = contentDataSource; } else if (SCHEME_WASABEEF.equals(scheme)) { dataSource = wasabeefDataSource; } else { dataSource = baseDataSource; } // Open the source and return. return dataSource.open(dataSpec); }

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Event Stream

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N/A... Event Stream

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EMSG

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N/A... Event Stream

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Should I use SurfaceView or TextureView?

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API Level 1 Hardware rendering Eco-friendly battery Can not overlay two SurfaceView

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API Level 14 Software rendering Can animate, transform and scale TextureView

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with DRM

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PlayReady Widevine (Moduler/Classic) Primetime FairPlay DRM

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DRM PlayReady Widevine(M) Widevine(C) FairPlay Android (4.3+) ✕ ◯ ◯ ✕ Android (3+) ✕ ✕ ◯ ✕ iOS (6+) ✕ ✕ ✕ ◯ Windows Phone ◯ ✕ ✕ ✕ $ISPNF ✕ ◯ ✕ ✕ 'JSFGPY ✕ ◯ ✕ ✕ *& ◯ ✕ ✕ ✕ Edge (Win10+) ◯ ✕ ✕ ✕ Safari(8+) ✕ ✕ ✕ ◯ Opera (31+) ✕ ◯ ✕ ✕ Chromecast ◯ ◯ ✕ ✕ Android TV ◯ ◯ ✕ ✕ Apple TV ✕ ✕ ✕ ✕ Amazno Fire TV ◯ ✕ ✕ ✕

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Widevine + ExoPlayer

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DASH SurfaceView EventStream is not supported. EMSG is not supported. Widevine

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DRM HttpMediaDrmCallback callback = new HttpMediaDrmCallback(licenseUrl, dataSource, null); FrameworkMediaDrm mediaDrm = FrameworkMediaDrm.newInstance(uuid); DrmSessionManager dsm = new StreamingDrmSessionManager<> (uuid, mediaDrm, callback, null, handler, logger); DefaultLoadControl dlc = new DefaultLoadControl() ExoPlayer player = ExoPlayerFactory.newSimpleInstance(this, trackSelector, dlc, dsm, false);