Managing Android Fragmentation

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Managing Android Fragmentation Saud Khan! @bidyut

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Agenda • Various fragmentation points • Battles we fought at Twitter • Steps to take to make life easier • Q&A

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Devices Courtesy: OpenSignal.com

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Screen Sizes Courtesy: OpenSignal.com

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Manufacturers Courtesy: OpenSignal.com

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Hardware • Hardware buttons • Hardware keyboard • Camera support • Various sensors

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Android Stack Courtesy: developer.android.com

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Twitter Users 11/11/11 11:11

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Twitter Android Users

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Global Town Square

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How do we manage?

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3 Questions • What are the key features of the app? • What minimum API level are these features available at? • What legacy devices are you comfortable leaving behind?

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Twitter Android Users

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Who do we support? • Froyo and up • Eclair in maintenance

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Android for All • Target MDPI (medium density) • Only include assets for MDPI • No support for photo ﬁlters

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Android for All APK size of around 4 MB

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Where do we start?

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Quick Wins • Screen sizes and orientation • Density-independent pixel (dp) • Scale-independent pixel (sp)

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1080p 720p

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Quick wins • Screen sizes and orientation • Density-independent pixel (dp) • Scale-independent pixel (sp) • Multiple languages

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Multiple Languages Courtesy: UNESCO

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Example Tweet <item name="android:layout_width">@dimen/user_image_size</item> <item name="android:layout_height">@dimen/user_image_size</item> <item name="android:layout_marginRight">@dimen/list_row_padding</item> <item name="android:layout_alignParentLeft">true</item>

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Example Tweet <item name="android:layout_marginRight">0dp</item> <item name="android:layout_marginLeft">@dimen/list_row_padding</item> <item name="android:layout_alignParentLeft">false</item> <item name="android:layout_alignParentRight">true</item>

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layout/user_info.xml

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layout-ar-v15/user_info.xml

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Right-To-Left • Jellybean and newer • Different language codes • Arabic (ar) • Farsi (fa) • Hebrew (iw, he)

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Debug mode

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Quick wins • Screen sizes and orientation • Density-independent pixel (dp) • Scale-independent pixel (sp) • Multiple languages • Android Support libraries

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ViewPager

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Let the tools do the heavy lifting

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ActionBar

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ActionBar • No support in Gingerbread • No expansion in Honeycomb • Differences in Ice Cream Sandwich and Jellybean

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Jellybean • Utilizing ActionBar

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Gingerbread • Old title bar look • Custom expanded look

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Honeycomb • Utilizing ActionBar • Native Android search

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public static ActionBarHelper newInstance(Activity activity) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) { return new ActionBarHelperCompat(activity); } else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) { return new ActionBarHelperHoneycomb(activity); } else { return new ActionBarHelperICS(activity); } }

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Hardware buttons • Search button vs Action Bar • Menu button vs Overﬂow menu

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Database • Different versions of SQLite • Test with the lowest supporting API

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• Improving DB queries by joining tables instead of views • Wasn’t a good idea for complicated joins under Eclair

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Native Libraries • A set for each architecture • Size vs Complexity

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Photo ﬁlters • Issues with different photos • Random failures in native code • Exceptions for various unique devices

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What’s next?

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Testing • Multi API level testing • Multiple languages • Various OEM devices • UI automation

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Support • Crashlytics • Listen to the feed

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Crashlytics

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Build Tools • Android for All • Beta, Release • Gradle ﬂavors

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Versioning • Numeric name spacing • OOSSDDVVV • OS API level • Screen size • Display Density • Version Courtesy: developer.android.com

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Versioning • 070001050 • 100000050 • 140000050 • 070001054! • 100000075! • 140000051

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Thank you @bidyut