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require 'benchmark' n = 100_000 size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report("#at") { n.times { array.at rand(size) } } ! x.report("#index") { n.times { array.index rand(size) } } end

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require 'benchmark' n = 100_000 size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report("#at") { n.times { array.at rand(size) } } ! x.report("#index") { n.times { array.index rand(size) } } end

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require 'benchmark' n = 100_000 size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report("#at") { n.times { array.at rand(size) } } ! x.report("#index") { n.times { array.index rand(size) } } end

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require 'benchmark' n = 100_000 size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report("#at") { n.times { array.at rand(size) } } ! x.report("#index") { n.times { array.index rand(size) } } end

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$ ruby examples/bm.rb user system total real #at 0.020000 0.000000 0.020000 ( 0.023444) #index 2.380000 0.000000 2.380000 ( 2.391208)

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$ ruby examples/bm.rb user system total real #at 0.020000 0.000000 0.020000 ( 0.023444) #index 2.380000 0.000000 2.380000 ( 2.391208)

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require 'benchmark' n = 100_000 size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.bm do |x| x.report("#at") { n.times { array.at rand(size) } } ! x.report("#index") { n.times { array.index rand(size) } } ! end

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require 'benchmark/ips' ! size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("#at") { array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") { array.index rand(size) } x.compare! end

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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$ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 77.544k i/100ms #index 4.036k i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- #at 3.205M (± 7.9%) i/s - 15.897M #index 41.660k (± 8.7%) i/s - 205.836k ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower

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size = 10_000 $ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

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size = 10_000 $ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Comparison: #at: 3204843.0 i/s #index: 41659.6 i/s - 76.93x slower ! size = 100_000 $ ruby examples/ips.rb ! Comparison: #at: 3280139.5 i/s #index: 4066.3 i/s - 806.67x slower !

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require 'benchmark/ips' size = 10_000 array = (0...size).to_a.shuffle ! Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report("#at") { array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") { array.index rand(size) } x.compare! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generate :array ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generate :array ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator {|size| (0...size).to_a.shuffle } ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generate :array ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generate :array ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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require 'benchmark/bigo' ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generate :array ! x.report("#at") {|array, size| array.at rand(size) } ! x.report("#index") {|array, size| array.index rand(size) } x.chart! 'chart.html' x.termplot! end

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Calculating ------------------------------------- #at 100 70.107k i/100ms #at 200 68.002k i/100ms #at 300 70.241k i/100ms #at 400 70.798k i/100ms #at 500 68.512k i/100ms ... ------------------------------------------------- #at 100 1.389M (±12.7%) i/s - 6.870M #at 200 1.403M (±13.5%) i/s - 6.936M #at 300 1.384M (±11.2%) i/s - 6.884M #at 400 1.908M (± 7.9%) i/s - 9.487M #at 500 1.902M (± 8.4%) i/s - 9.455M #at 600 1.872M (± 6.7%) i/s - 9.327M #at 700 1.901M (± 8.3%) i/s - 9.437M #at 800 1.923M (± 5.9%) i/s - 9.582M #at 900 1.887M (± 8.9%) i/s - 9.382M ... #index 600 284.390k (± 8.0%) i/s - 1.428M #index 700 245.863k (± 6.7%) i/s - 1.231M #index 800 225.728k (± 5.9%) i/s - 1.137M #index 900 206.441k (± 5.6%) i/s - 1.032M #index 1000 186.174k (± 8.2%) i/s - 928.076k

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3 ++------+------+-------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------++ + #at ****** + + + + + + ### | #index ###### #### | 2.5 ++ ##### ++ | ###### | | #### | 2 ++ ###### ++ | ##### | | #### | 1.5 ++ ###### ++ | ######## | | ##### | | #### | 1 ++ ###### ++ #### | | | 0.5 ********************************************************************** | | + + + + + + + + + + 0 ++------+------+-------+-------+------+-------+-------+------+------++ 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

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“Benchmarks are useless without reproduction and critique” ! - Jeremy Evans

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user_generator = Proc.new { |size| Array.new(size) do User.new(random_name) end } ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator &user_generator ! x.report('#sort') {|array, _| array.sort {|a,b| a.name <=> b.name } } x.report('#sort_by') {|array, _| array.sort_by &:name } ! x.chart! 'sort.html' x.compare! end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator &user_generator ! x.report('#sort') {|array, _| array.sort {|a,b| a.name <=> b.name } } x.report('#sort_by') {|array, _| array.sort_by &:name } ! x.chart! 'sort.html' x.compare! end

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def test_a 'a' end ! def test_b 'b' end ! Benchmark.ips do |x| x.report('test_a') { test_a } x.report('test_b') { test_b } end class BenchTest < MiniTest::Test ! def test_a_result assert_equal ‘a', test_a end ! def test_b_result assert_equal ‘b', test_b end ! def test_a_mutability assert_equal test_a, test_a end ! def test_b_mutability assert_equal test_b, test_b end end

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“The Fibonacci Sequence is the perfect benchmark” ! - Tenderlove

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class TestFib < MiniTest::Test def test_fib fibs = [0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55,89] ! fibs.each_with_index {|ans, i| assert_equal ans, fib(i) } end ! def test_fib_mutability assert_equal fib(5), fib(5) end end

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def fib n return n if n < 2 n + fib(n-1) end ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| # 5..24 x.min_size = 5 x.step_size = 1 x.steps = 20 ! x.generate :size ! x.report("fib") {|size, _| fib(size) } ! x.chart! ‘fib.html' x.termplot! end 2 ++-----+------+------+------+------+-----+------+------+------+-----++ + fib+******+ + + + + + + + * 1.8 ++ *+ | *| | * | 1.6 ++ *++ | *** | 1.4 ++ ******* ++ | ******* | 1.2 ++ *** ++ | ******* | | *** | 1 ++ ******* ++ | ******* | 0.8 ++ **** ++ | ******* | | *** | 0.6 ++ ****** ++ + + + + + + + + + + + 0.4 ++-----+------+------+------+------+-----+------+------+------+-----++ 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 ! # Running: ! F. ! 1) Failure: TestFib#test_fib [fib/fib_wrong.rb:36]: Expected: 1 Actual: 3 ! 2 runs, 4 assertions, 1 failures

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def fib n return n if n < 2 fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) end ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| # 5..24 x.min_size = 5 x.step_size = 1 x.steps = 20 ! x.generate :size ! x.report("fib") {|size, _| fib(size) } ! x.chart! ‘fib.html' x.termplot! end 9000 ++-----+------+-----+------+------+------+------+-----+------+-----++ + fib+****** + + + + + + + * 8000 ++ +* | *| 7000 ++ *+ | * | 6000 ++ *++ | * | 5000 ++ * ++ | * | | * | 4000 ++ * ++ | * | 3000 ++ * ++ | * | 2000 ++ *** ++ | *** | 1000 ++ *** ++ + + + + + + + ******* + + + 0 ++-****************************************-----+-----+------+-----++ 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 ! ! # Running: ! .. ! Finished in 0.001196s ! 2 runs, 13 assertions, 0 failures

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def fib n return n if n < 2 fib(n-1) + fib(n-2) end ! Benchmark.bigo do |x| # 5..24 x.min_size = 5 x.step_size = 1 x.steps = 20 ! x.generate :size ! x.report("fib") {|size, _| fib(size) } ! x.chart! ‘fib.html' x.termplot! end 9000 ++-----+------+-----+------+------+------+------+-----+------+-----++ + fib+****** + + + + + + + * 8000 ++ +* | *| 7000 ++ *+ | * | 6000 ++ *++ | * | 5000 ++ * ++ | * | | * | 4000 ++ * ++ | * | 3000 ++ * ++ | * | 2000 ++ *** ++ | *** | 1000 ++ *** ++ + + + + + + + ******* + + + 0 ++-****************************************-----+-----+------+-----++ 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 ! ! # Running: ! .. ! Finished in 0.001196s ! 2 runs, 13 assertions, 0 failures

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items = 5000.times.collect {|i| {:id => i, :score => SecureRandom.hex } } ! Benchmark.ips do |x| ! x.report("reduce") { items.reduce({}) { |accum, x| accum.merge(x[:id] => x[:score]) } } ! x.report("each with object") { items.each_with_object({}) { |x, accum| accum[x[:id]] = x[:score] } } x.compare! end

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Calculating ------------------------------------- reduce 1.000 i/100ms each with object 33.000 i/100ms ------------------------------------------------- reduce 0.144 (± 0.0%) i/s - 1.000 in 6.96s each with object 397.831 (±30.2%) i/s - 1.716k ! Comparison: each with object: 397.8 i/s reduce: 0.1 i/s - 2769.63x slower

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items = 5000.times.collect {|i| {:id => i, :score => SecureRandom.hex } } ! Benchmark.ips do |x| ! x.report("reduce") { items.reduce({}) { |accum, x| accum.merge(x[:id] => x[:score]) } } ! x.report("each with object") { items.each_with_object({}) { |x, accum| accum[x[:id]] = x[:score] } } x.compare! end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generator {|size| # {0 => “5b2665861e...”, 1 => “e1d9cdef37...” } } ! x.report("merge") { |hash, size| hash.merge(rand(size) => SecureRandom.hex) } ! x.report("assign") { |hash, size| hash[rand(size)] = SecureRandom.hex } ! x.chart! 'merge_vs_assign.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator {|size| size.times.collect {|i| {:id => i, :score => SecureRandom.hex} } } ! x.report("reduce") { |items, _| items.reduce({}) { |hash, x| hash[x[:id]] = x[:score] hash } } ! x.report("reduce-with-merge") { |items, _| items.reduce({}) { |hash, x| hash.merge(x[:id] => x[:score]) } } x.chart! 'reduce_vs_reduce_with_merge.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generate :array ! x.report('#delete') {|array, size| (0..(size/2)).each do |i| array.delete i end } ! x.report('#delete_if') {|array, size| array.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.chart! 'mutating_delete.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generate :array ! x.report('#delete') {|array, size| (0..(size/2)).each do |i| array.delete i end } ! x.report('#delete_if') {|array, size| array.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.chart! 'mutating_delete.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generate :array ! x.report('#delete') {|array, size| (0..(size/2)).each do |i| array.delete i end } ! x.report('#delete_if') {|array, size| array.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.chart! 'mutating_delete.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generate :array ! x.report('#delete_if') {|array, size| array.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.report('#dup+del_if') {|array, size| ary = array.dup ary.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.chart! 'delete_if.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generate :array ! x.report('#dup') {|array, size| array.dup } ! x.report('#delete_if') {|array, size| array.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.report('#dup+del_if') {|array, size| ary = array.dup ary.delete_if {|a| a < size / 2 } } ! x.chart! 'delete_if_with_control.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generator do |size| (1..size).to_a.shuffle # shuffled end ! x.report("rand#include?(size/2)") do |a, size| a.include? (size / 2) # deterministic size end ! x.chart! 'shuffled_and_deterministic.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generator do |size| (1..size).to_a.shuffle # shuffled end ! x.report("rand#include?(size/2)") do |a, size| a.include? (size / 2) # deterministic size end ! x.chart! 'shuffled_and_deterministic.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| ! x.generator do |size| (1..size).to_a.shuffle # shuffled end ! x.report("rand#include?(rand)") do |a, size| a.include? rand(size) # randomized end ! x.chart! 'shuffled_and_random.html' end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator do |size| (1..size).to_a # not shuffled end ! x.report("ordered#include?(1)") do |a, size| a.include? 1 # deterministic best case end ! x.report("ordered#include?(size)") do |a, size| a.include? size # deterministic worst case end ! x.report("ordered#include?(rand)") do |a, size| a.include? rand(size) # random average case end ! x.chart! 'not_shuffled.html' end

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LON = -122.6764, LAT = 45.5165 ! def random_walk size walk = [[LON, LAT]] # start in portland ! size.times do walk << walk.last.map {|i| i + rand(-100..100) / 10000.0 } end ! Terraformer::LineString.new(walk) end ! def circle size size = 3 if size < 3 diam = [100, size].max Terraformer::Circle.new([LON, LAT], diam, size).to_feature end

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@generator_name = :random_walk ! # dynamically generates either # a random walk or a circle dynamic_generator = Proc.new {|size| self.send(@generator_name, size) } ! def convex_hull obj, impl Terraformer::ConvexHull.impl = impl obj.convex_hull end

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Benchmark.bigo do |x| x.generator &dynamic_generator ! # sample each point for 20 seconds x.time = 20 ! x.min_size = 200 x.step_size = 200 x.steps = 5 ! ## reports on next slide ! x.chart! 'terraformer.html' end

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@generator_name = :random_walk ! x.report("#rand-jarvis") {|obj, _| convex_hull obj, :jarvis_march } x.report("#rand-monotone") {|obj, _| convex_hull obj, :monotone } ! @generator_name = :circle ! x.report("#circ-jarvis") {|obj, _| convex_hull obj, :jarvis_march } x.report("#circ-monotone") {|obj, _| convex_hull obj, :monotone }

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0LJGJU UBLFT BXIJMF

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xkcd #1445

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$VSJPVTGPS NPSF

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'BTU

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"UUSJCVUJPOT From The Noun Project: Island by Athena Manolopoulos Surfboard by Rachel Healey Surf Board v1 by Sean D’Auria Van by Okan Benn Diamond by Ryan Beck Beach Ball by Max Hancock Turtle by im icons Rabbit by Theresa Stoodley

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