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Mobile Applications Architecture
Modern and eternal ways ;)
Constantine Mars
Team Lead, Senior Developer
@ DataArt
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Software Architecture
The Origins
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#mobarchclub
Why Use Architecture?
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10:1 reading to writing ratio
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#mobarchclub
Why Use Architecture?
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10:1 reading to writing ratio
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#mobarchclub
Why Use Architecture?
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Isolate complex or
frequently changing code
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#mobarchclub
Why Use Architecture?
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Black box complex areas
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#mobarchclub
Why Use Architecture?
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Avoid bugs
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#mobarchclub
Why Not Use Architecture?
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Costs and benefits of scalability
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#mobarchclub
Why Not Use Architecture?
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No architecture for architecture’s sake
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#mobarchclub
Why Not Use Architecture?
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Trade-off between speed and technical debt
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#mobarchclub
Why Not Use Architecture?
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Spectrum of effort
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Main Principles
Of a good architecture
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#mobarchclub
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#mobarchclub
KISS = Seep It Simple Stupid
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#mobarchclub
DRY = Don’t Repeat Yourself
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#mobarchclub
YAGNI = You Aren’t Going to Need It!
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#mobarchclub
SRP = Single Responsibility Principle
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#mobarchclub
OCP - Open Closed Principle
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#mobarchclub
LSP - Liskov Substitution Principle
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#mobarchclub
ISP - Interface Segregation Principle
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#mobarchclub
DIP - Dependency Inversion Principle
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#mobarchclub
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#mobarchclub
Clean Architecture
image from https://8thlight.com
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Mobile Applications
Architecture
Some specifics. Main complexity levels
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#mobarchclub
Android Has “Good Bones”
image from https://8thlight.com
Components:
-Activities
-Fragments
-Services
-Content Providers
-Broadcast Receivers
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#mobarchclub
Mobile has it’s Specifics
image from https://8thlight.com
App-hopping
OS may kill app at random time
App components lifecycle is not under
control
Components should not depend on each
other
Can’t rely on data, stored in components
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#mobarchclub
Android Activity Lifecycle is like this :)
image from https://8thlight.com
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#mobarchclub
Common Principles for Mobile
-Separation of concerns
-Provide solid user experience
-Keep UI lean and simple
-Keep UI free of app logic
-Drive UI from model
-Use persistent model
-Assign clear responsibilities model classes
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#mobarchclub
Separation of Concerns. Abstract way
image from fernandocejas.com
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#mobarchclub
Levels of Complexity of Android App Architecture
1. L1 - Presenter / ViewModel, Layer Separation, Entities
2. Injection
3. Coordinator
4. Reactive Programming (Rx)
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#mobarchclub
Presenter / View Model
Move non-UI logic from controller to another class
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#mobarchclub
Layer Separation
Move network, database and business logic to
separate layers
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#mobarchclub
Entities
Separate view from database.
Little or no logic for entities
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#mobarchclub
Dependency injection
Decouple layers.
Pass dependencies to constructor parameters
Or use injection framework (JSR-330, Dagger, AndroidAnnotations,
Juice, etc.)
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#mobarchclub
Coordinator
Move navigation logic out of views
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#mobarchclub
Reactive Programming
Automatically propagate changes between layers
and use mapping between data in functional style
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Mobile Architecture
Patterns
Common patterns. Not only for Android
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#mobarchclub
MVC: Model - View - Controller
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#mobarchclub
MVP: Model - View - Presenter
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#mobarchclub
MVVM: Model - View - ViewModel
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#mobarchclub
VIPER
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#mobarchclub
RIBs
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#mobarchclub
Architecture Components
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#mobarchclub
Architecture Components
image from Guide to App Architecture
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Project Lifecycle.
Agile Architecture
Things outside app that influence architecture evolution
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#mobarchclub
Minimum Viable Architecture
1. YAGNI = You aren’t going to need it!
2. RT-RJ-RT Use the Right Tool for the Right
Job at the Right Time
3. XP - Change incrementally
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#mobarchclub
Minimum Viable Product
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#mobarchclub
Project (Startup) Lifecycle
1. Search Phase (Discovery,
Solution Design, etc.)
2. Execution Phase (Project)
3. Scaling Phase
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#mobarchclub
Search Phase
1. “No architecture at all”
2. Find business model and market fit
3. Acquire first customers
4. Prototype - familiar technology, cobble it together
5. Throw it away later - but not now
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#mobarchclub
Execution Phase
1. “Just enough” architecture
2. Meet near-term customer needs, delight customers
3. Rapid learning and imporovement
4. Team productivity
5. Monolithic architecture
6. Minimal infrastructure
7. NOT about scaling
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#mobarchclub
Change drives the world
“The best code you can write now is the code you’ll discard in a
couple of years”
Martin Fowler
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#mobarchclub
Monolithic Architecture
● Presentation - Web (JS), Android, iOS
● Application / Backend - Java, PHP, Ruby
● Database - Firebase, MySQL, Mongo
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#mobarchclub
Scaling Phase
● Scaling the Team
● Scaling the Technology
● Concurrency and Efficiency
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#mobarchclub
Scaling is the result of the change
“If you don’t end up regretting your early technology decisions, you
probably over-engineered”
Randy Shoup
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#mobarchclub
Scaling. “Next-Gen” Architecture
● Scaling the Technology. Migrations, Concurrency, Other
languages
● Scalable persistence. Break-up monolithic DB, split to
functional modules
● Identify and eliminate bottlenecks. Increase performance
● Re-Design interfaces
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Read
Learn and expand
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#mobarchclub
Read About Software Architecture
Clean Architecture
https://8thlight.com/blog/uncle-bob/2012/08/13/the-clean-architecture.html
Architecture, the Lost Years by Uncle Bob
https://youtu.be/WpkDN78P884
Fernando Cejas - Architecturing Android, Evolution
https://fernandocejas.com/2015/07/18/architecting-android-the-evolution/
Minimum Viable Architecture
https://www.slideshare.net/RandyShoup/minimum-viable-architecture-good-e
nough-is-good-enough-in-a-startup
Mobile
Architecture
Club
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#mobarchclub
Read About Architectural Frameworks
Moxy https://github.com/Arello-Mobile/Moxy
Mosby https://github.com/sockeqwe/mosby
Android MVP Helper https://github.com/Ufkoku/AndroidMVPHelper
Clean Architecture
https://github.com/android10/Android-CleanArchitecture
Reark https://github.com/reark/reark
MVP + Dagger2 + Rx
https://android.jlelse.eu/mvp-dagger-2-rx-clean-modern-android-app-code-
74f63c9a6f2f
Uber RIBs https://github.com/uber/RIBs
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#mobarchclub
Read About Architecture Components
Guide to App Architecture
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/guide.html
Architecture Components
https://developer.android.com/topic/libraries/architecture/index.html
I/O ‘17 Architecture Components Introduction - https://youtu.be/FrteWKKVyzI
Solving the Lifecycle Problem - https://youtu.be/bEKNi1JOrNs
Persistence and Offline - https://youtu.be/MfHsPGQ6bgE
Architecture Components on GDD Europe - https://youtu.be/Ts-uxYiBEQ8
GDD Europe CodeLabs g.co/codelabs/gdd17
Google Github samples
https://github.com/googlesamples/android-architecture-components
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@ConstantineMars
@DataArt
Thank you! :)
Mobile Architecture Club