アプリの国際化の舞台裏

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จࣈɺݴޠɺίϯςϯπɺνʔϜʹඞཁͳࣄ ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽͷ෣୆ཪ @niw 8/31/2019 — ౦ژిػେֶ  Builderscon Tokyo 2019

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i18n

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ernationalizati

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internationalization

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internationalization

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i18n

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ࠃࡍԽ

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໰୊ͷ܏޲ͱରࡦ ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽ

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@niw  Yoshimasa Niwa

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໨࣍ ຊ೔ͷͳ͕Ε 1.จࣈͷ࿩ 2.ݴޠͷ࿩ 3.ίϯςϯπͷ࿩ 4.νʔϜͷ࿩

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ΞϓϦͱจࣈͷ໰୊ จࣈͷ࿩

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? ͋

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? Ӭ

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? "

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸?

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? ኦ #

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? • ʮจࣈʯͱܾΊͨ΋ͷ͕ʮจࣈʯ • ͦΕΛܾΊΔن͕͍֨Ζ͍Ζ͋Δ

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Character Set ූ߸Խจࣈू߹

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? ͋

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ΞϓϦͰ࢖͏จࣈͬͯͳΜͩΖ͏ จࣈͱ͸? 3042

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JIS X 0208 Unicode

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͋ 3042 2422 Unicode JIS X 0208

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จࣈΛ࢖͏ͷʹඞཁͳࣄ จࣈΛ࢖͏ํ๏ • จࣈΛ࢖͏લʹ͸ѻ͍΍͍͢ܗʹม׵ • ͦΕͧΕͷʮจࣈʯͷ൪߸ΛόΠτྻʹ͢Δ

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Encoding จࣈූ߸Խํࣜ

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3042 2422 e 08 UTF-8 0xE3 0x81 0x82 0x30 0x42 UTF-16 0x82 0xA0 0xA4 0xA2 Shift-JIS EUC-JP

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ʮจࣈʯΛਖ਼͘͠ѻ͏ จࣈͱࠃࡍԽ

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Unicode Character Set Unicode Λ࢖͏ Unicode Ͱ͸͍ΖΜͳจࣈΛੈքத͔ΒूΊͯ͋Γ ·͢ɻ

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65,536 ͋Ε͹े෼͡ΌͶ? 2όΠτͰදݱͰ͖Δ͠

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https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/ch02.pdf

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U+0000 ʙ  U+FFFF Unicode Code Point BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane)

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UTF-16 ͋ U+3042 0x30 0x42 Unicode UTF-16 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format UCS-2

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Objective-C JavaScript

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Unicode 2.0 Ͱૣʑʹഁ୼ ଍Βͳ͍ • ௥Ճͷ׽ࣈ͕͍ͬͺ͍ • ϋϯάϧେҠಈ • ֆจࣈ͸ຖ೥૿͑Δ • ྩ࿨΋૿͑Δ

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Unicode 2.0 Ͱૣʑʹഁ୼ ଍Βͳ͍ • UTF-16 ͰදݱͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ • Ͱ΋ࠓޙ΋จࣈ͸૿͑Δ

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2ͭ࢖ͬͯදݱ͠Α͏ Surrogate Pair

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U+D800 ʙ U+DBFF ͷ 1024ݸ U+DC00  ʙ  U+DFFF  ͷ  1024ݸ 1024 × 1024 = 1,048,576 ݸ௥ՃͰ͖Δ! ↓ U+10000 ʙ U+10FFFF ʹରԠͤ͞Δ

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2ͭ࢖ͬͯදݱ͠Α͏ Surrogate Pair • ͋Γ͑ͳ͍૊Έ߹Θ͕ͤՄೳʹ • ยׂΕ͕Ͱ͖ͯ͠·͏ • ؾʹͤͣʹจࣈ਺Λ਺͑Δͱ2จࣈʹ ͳͲͳͲ…

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Surrogate Pair ʹ͋Δจࣈ͸͋Μ·Γ࢖Θͳ͍͔Βؔ৺͕ͳ͍ ໰୊ʹؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍ !

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࣮͸͜ͷ໰୊͸ͳ͘ͳΓͭͭ͋Γ·͢ ΍ͬͨʔ &

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࣮͸͜ͷ໰୊͸ͳ͘ͳΓͭͭ͋Γ·͢ ΍ͬͨʔ &

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΄ͱΜͲͷֆจࣈ͸ Surrogate Pair ͕ඞཁ ֆจࣈͷ͸ͨͨ͠໾ׂ U+1F60A &

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΄ͱΜͲͷֆจࣈ͸ Surrogate Pair ͕ඞཁ ֆจࣈͷ͸ͨͨ͠໾ׂ • Unicode ҎલͷϚϧνόΠτ໰୊͸ͦͷ໰୊͕ى ͜ΔݴޠΛ࢖Θͳ͍ਓʹ͸࣮࣭Өڹ͕ͳ͔ͬͨ • Ͱ΋ֆจࣈ͸ΈΜͳ࢖͍͍ͨ • ؔ৺͕͋Ε͹౰વ໰୊ʹؾ͕ͭ͘͠௚͢ؾʹͳΔ

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Surrogate Pair ͸ֆจࣈʹΑͬͯ໰୊ͷؔ৺ൣғ͕มΘͬͨ ݴޠΛ௒͑ͯ୭ʹͱͬͯ΋ؔ৺ͷߴ͍໰୊ !

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Unicode ࢖͓͚ͬͯ͹΋͏໰୊ͳ͠? Surrogate Pair ͷ໰୊΋ղܾͦ͠͏ͩ͠Ͷ!

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ZWJ, Variation Selector, Normalization, Collation, … Unicode ͸௒ෳࡶ • OSͷϑΥϯτϨϯμϦϯάγεςϜͰ΋͍ͬͺ͍ όά͕͋Δ • ݴޠͷϥϯλΠϜͷ࣮૷Ͱ΋όά͕͋Δ

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iMessage ͱ͔ͰૹΔͱ௨஌ͰΫϥογϡͨ͠ શ֯εϖʔεͱֆจࣈͰΫϥογϡ ɹ' શ֯εϖʔε U+3000 Surrogate Pair ͷจࣈ

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iMessage ͱ͔ͰૹΔͱ௨஌ͰΫϥογϡͨ͠ Variation Selector-15 ͰΫϥογϡ ‗ _ Variation Selector-15 ͱ  ૊Έ߹ΘͤΒΕΔจࣈ Variation Selector-15 U+FE0E Combining  Diacritical  Marks

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iMessage ͱ͔ͰૹΔͱ௨஌ͰΫϥογϡͨ͠ Devanagari ͰΫϥογϡ ◌ऀ a Devanagari Combination Character U+0900 ͳΜͰ΋

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iMessage ͱ͔ͰૹΔͱ௨஌ͰΫϥογϡͨ͠ RTL ͱ Devanagari ͰΫϥογϡ Devanagari Combination Character U+0936 RTLͷจࣈ

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Swift 5 ΑΓલͷΞϓϦ͸೚ҙͷจࣈྻͰΫϥογϡͰ͖Δ SR-9048 let str = "\u{0336}\u{0344}\u{0357}\u{0343}  \u{0314}\u{0351}\u{0340}\u{0300}\u{0340}  \u{0360}\u{0314}\u{0357}\u{0315}\u{0301}  \u{0344}a" let set = Set([str])

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Unicode ͠ΜͲ͍ ͜ͷੈ͸ෳࡶɻUnicode ͸ͦͷࣸ͠ڸ

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ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽͱʮจࣈʯ ·ͱΊ • ʮจࣈʯ͸ͦ͏ܾΊ͔ͨΒจࣈɻ൪߸Ͱ۠ผ • Character Set ͱ Encoding Λཧղ͢Δ • ֆจࣈͷ͸ͨͨ͠໾ׂ͸େ͖͍ • Unicode ͸௒ෳࡶ

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ΞϓϦͱݴޠͷ໰୊ ݴޠͷ࿩

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จࣈྻͷ຋༁ ΞϓϦ͕දࣔ͢ΔจࣈྻΛϢʔβʔͷݴޠʹ຋༁͢Δ

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ࢦఆ͞ΕͨݴޠͰจࣈྻΛදࣔ ෳ਺ͷݴޠͷදࣔʹରԠ͢Δ ΋ͱʹͳΔͷݴޠ(ӳޠ)ͷจࣈྻΛΩʔʹଞͷݴޠ ΁຋༁͢Δ ӳޠ ೔ຊޠ … Cancel Ωϟϯηϧ … Done ׬ྃ … Back ໭Δ …

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https://www.dell.com/support/article/jp/ja/jpbsd1/sln306712?lang=ja

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ӳޠ ೔ຊޠ … State ౎ಓ෎ݝ … State ঢ়ଶ … !

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ࢦఆ͞ΕͨݴޠͰจࣈྻΛදࣔ ෳ਺ͷݴޠͷදࣔʹରԠ͢Δ จࣈྻ͝ͱʹIDΛ࡞ΓɺͦΕͧΕͷݴޠʹ຋༁ ID ӳޠ ೔ຊޠ … CANCEL_BUTTON_LABEL Cancel Ωϟϯηϧ … DONE_BUTTON_LABEL Done ׬ྃ … BACK_BUTTON_LABEL Back ໭Δ …

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! ID ӳޠ ೔ຊޠ … CANCEL_BUTTON_LABEL Cancel Ωϟϯηϧ … DISCARD_BUTTON_LABEL Discard औΓফ͢ … DISCARD_TWEET_TITLE Are you sure to discard this Tweet? ͜ͷπΠʔτΛഁغ͠· ͔͢? …

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ίϯςΩετ͕ͱͯ΋େ੾ ਖ਼͍͠຋༁͸ਖ਼͍͚͠ΕͲਖ਼͘͠ͳ͍ $

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΋͠ม਺͕͋ͬͨΒ? Մมจࣈྻͷ຋༁

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೔ຊޠʹ͸ͳ͍໰୊ ਺ͷ໰୊ • ୯७ͳ %d ͸ଟ෼΄ͱΜͲͷ৔߹Ͱ࢖͑ͳ͍ • ෳ਺ܗ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ • ਺ࢺ͕ଘࡏ͢Δ

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https://twitter.com/hoishinxii/status/1167376497306288128

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https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/34/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

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https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/34/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

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https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/34/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

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ෳ਺ܗ΍਺ࢺʹมԽͷͳ͍ݴޠݍͰ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ ෳ਺ܗ΍਺ࢺʹछྨ͕͋Δͱؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍ !

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ສೳༀ͸ଘࡏ͠ͳ͍ ঢ়گʹԠͨ͡ରԠ͕ඞཁɹ • ͦͷΑ͏ͳจࣈྻ͕ඞཁͳ͍Α͏ʹมߋ͢Δ • libicu ΍ɺͦΕΛ͔ͭͬͨ OS ͷ API ͰؤுΔ • จࣈྻΛԿछྨ΋༻ҙͯ͠ɺՄೳੑͷ͋ΔͦΕͧ ΕͷύλʔϯʹରԠ͢Δ • ఘΊΔ

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จࣈྻͷೖྗ ϢʔβʔͷݴޠͰΞϓϦ͕จࣈྻΛड͚औΔ

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ଞͷݴޠʹൺ΂ͯঢ়ଶͷछྨͱભҠ͕ଟ͍ ೔ຊޠೖྗ͸࠷ڧʹ೉͍͠ • ೔ຊޠೖྗରԠͷΠϯΫϦϝϯλϧݕࡧͷ࣮૷ͷ ೉͠͞ • ೔ຊޠͷ஌͕ࣝ͋Δఔ౓ͳ͍ͱ࢖͑ͳ͍ • ͦ΋ͦ΋ Input Method ͕ࢁ΄Ͳ͋ͬͯڍಈ͕શ෦ ҧ͏

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΋͏ͳʹ΋৴͡ΒΕͳ͍ API Ͱ͢ΒόάͬͯΔ • ΄΅࣮֬ʹ iOS ΞϓϦͰ೔ຊޠ͕ೖྗͰ͖ͳ͍ͷ ͸ textView(_:shouldChangeTextIn:  replacementText:) Λ࢖͍ͬͯΔ • ͜ͷAPI͸ͣͬͱόάͬͯΔɺېسͷAPI

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Input Method Λ࢖Θͳ͍ݴޠݍͰ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ 1ͭͷೖྗ͕1จࣈʹରԠ͢Δͱ͍͏ࢥ͍ࠐΈ !

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ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽͱʮݴޠʯ ·ͱΊ • จࣈྻͷ຋༁͸ίϯςΩετϦονʹ͢Δ • ม਺͸ආ͚Δɻͱ͘ʹ਺ࣈ • จࣈྻೖྗ͸1ೖྗ1จࣈͷࢥ͍ࠐΈ͕ଘࡏ

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຋༁Λ͑ͨ͜໰୊ ίϯςϯπͷ࿩

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த՚ϑΥϯτ໰୊ ݴޠͷ༏ઌ౓ʹ͍ͭͯ

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ͻͱͭͷݴޠࢦఆ͚ͩͰ͸දݱ͕֬ఆ͠ͳ͍ Locale ͷࢦఆ • ΄ͱΜͲͷγεςϜ͸ Language Ͱ͸ͳ͘ɺ Locale Λࢦఆ͢ΔΑ͏ʹͳͬͯΔ • Locale ͸ݴޠʹՃ͑ͯɺ஍Ҭɺ௨՟ɺΧϨϯμʔ ͳͲݴޠίϛϡχςΟΛࢦఆͰ͖Δ • ༏ઌॱҐΛ͚ͭͯෳ਺ࢦఆͰ͖Δ • γεςϜͷσϑΥϧτͷ༏ઌॱҐ͕͋Δ

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ϝϦοτ΋Θ͔Δ͚ΕͲ… CJK౷߹׽ࣈ • ֤ࠃͰมΘΔࣅͨΑ͏ͳ׽ࣈʹಉ͡൪߸Λ͋ͨ͑ ͍ͯΔ • ΞϓϦଆ͔Β͸൑ผෆೳ • ݸਓతʹ͸σϝϦοτͷ΄͏͕େ͖͍ͱࢥ͍ͬͯ Δ

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قઅͷΠϕϯτͷҧ͍ ϋϩ΢ΟʔϯɺΫϦεϚεɺ৽೥…

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https://twitter.com/mayoinomoriko/status/1078446838104055808

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೔ৗੜ׆Ͱܦݧ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ Ͳ͜Ͱ΋ಉ͡ͱ͍͏ࢥ͍ࠐΈ !

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࡞Γखͷ໰୊ νʔϜͷ࿩

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ݪҼ͸ͳΜͩͬͨͷ͔ ٕज़తͳ໰୊ʁ

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Surrogate Pair ʹ͋Δจࣈ͸͋Μ·Γ࢖Θͳ͍͔Βؔ৺͕ͳ͍ ໰୊ʹؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍ !

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ෳ਺ܗ΍਺ࢺʹมԽͷͳ͍ݴޠݍͰ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ ෳ਺ܗ΍਺ࢺʹछྨ͕͋Δͱؾ͕͔ͭͳ͍ !

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Input Method Λ࢖Θͳ͍ݴޠݍͰ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ 1ͭͷೖྗ͕1จࣈʹରԠ͢Δͱ͍͏ࢥ͍ࠐΈ !

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೔ৗੜ׆Ͱܦݧ͠ͳ͍͜ͱ͸ؔ৺͕ͳ͍ Ͳ͜Ͱ΋ಉ͡ͱ͍͏ࢥ͍ࠐΈ !

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ؔ৺͕ͳ͍໰୊ ͍΍ͩͬͯ೔ຊޠೖྗͰ͖ͳͯ͘΋ࠔΒͳ͍͠

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୭͠΋࣋ͭੜ͖ΔͨΊͷόΠΞε ແҙࣝͷόΠΞε • ෯޿͍໰୊ʹؔ৺Λ΋ͬͯରԠ͢Δͱ৘ใաଟͰ ൑அͰ͖ͳ͘ͳΔ • ࢥ͍ࠐΈ͸ੜ͖ΔͨΊʹඞཁͰ୭Ͱ΋͍࣋ͬͯΔ • Ͱ΋ͦΕ͕͋Δͱ͍͏͜ͱ͸ೝࣝͰ͖Δ

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ଟ༷ੑͷॏཁੑ Diversity • ଟ༷ੑͷ͋ΔνʔϜ͸ಇ͖ʹ͘͞Λײ͡Δ͕ΑΓ Α͍੒Ռ͕ͰΔͱ͍͏ݚڀ݁Ռ • ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽͷ໰୊͸ɺ֤ʑ͕ؔ৺ͷͳ͍໰୊ Λղܾ͠ͳ͍ͱ͍͚ͳ͍ • ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽ͸ଟ༷ੑͷॏཁੑͱ͍͏࿩୊Ͱ ͸ɺ௚઀తʹؔ܎ͷ͋Δ໰୊ https://hbr.org/2016/09/diverse-teams-feel-less-comfortable-and-thats-why-they-perform-better

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ͱ͍͏͜ͱͰ ·ͱΊͰ͢

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ΞϓϦͷࠃࡍԽ ·ͱΊ • ٕज़Λਖ਼͘͠ཧղ͢Δ • ͜ͷੈ͸ࢥ͍ͬͯΔΑΓෳࡶ • ࢥ͍ࠐΈ͕͋Δ͜ͱΛ஌Δ • ଟ༷ੑͷ͋ΔνʔϜΛ࡞Δ

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࣭͝໰͕͋Ε͹Ͳ͏ͧ Q&A